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Revista Médica Internacional sobre el Síndrome de Down
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Inicio Revista Médica Internacional sobre el Síndrome de Down Utilidad de las baterías neuropsicológicas estandarizadas en sujetos adultos c...
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Vol. 12. Núm. 1.
Páginas 2-7 (marzo 2008)
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Vol. 12. Núm. 1.
Páginas 2-7 (marzo 2008)
Original
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Utilidad de las baterías neuropsicológicas estandarizadas en sujetos adultos con síndrome de Down y demencia
The Usefulness of standard neuropsychological testing for adults with Down syndrome and dementia
Visitas
1116
M. Boada1,2,
, M. Alegret1, M. Buendia1, I. Hernández1, G. Viñas1, A. Espinosa1, S. Lara1, M. Guitart1, Ll. Tárraga1
1 Fundació ACE. Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades
2 Hospital General Universitari Vall d’Hebron
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Bibliografía
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Resumen
Introducción

Los sujetos con síndrome de Down (SD) tienen un riesgo aumentado de desarrollar la enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA). Puesto que en el SD se parte de un nivel intelectual menor que en la población general, a veces resulta difícil objetivar si existe o no, en el envejecimiento, una reducción de sus capacidades para cumplir los criterios diagnósticos de EA. El «Mini-Mental State Examination» (MMSE) y el «Severe Impairment Battery» (SIB) son pruebas cognitivas estandarizadas ampliamente utilizadas para detectar demencia en la población general. Escasos estudios han utilizado el MMSE y la SIB en sujetos con SD con sospecha de demencia. El objetivo del presente estudio consistió en analizar la utilidad del MMSE y la SIB en la valoración de las funciones cognitivas de sujetos con SD.

Método: Se administró el MMSE y la SIB a 45 sujetos con SD (16 con EA y 29 sin demencia) y el cuestionario «Dementia Questionnaire for Mentally Retarded Persons» (DMR) a sus cuidadores.

Resultados

Los sujetos con SD y demencia mostraron una mayor alteración que los sujetos con SD sin demencia en la DMR-social y DMR-total, pero no se hallaron diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos en el rendimiento de la SIB, MMSE ni DMR-cognitivo. Las puntuaciones en la SIB correlacionaron significativamente con las del MMSE, DMR-total, DMR-cognitivo y DMR-social. El rendimiento en el MMSE correlacionó significativamente con el del DMR-total, DMR-cognitivo y SIB.

Conclusiones

El MMSE y la SIB son herramientas útiles para el seguimiento de las funciones cognitivas en sujetos con SD y deterioro cognitivo o demencia.

Palabras clave:
Demencia
Cognición
Enfermedad de Alzheimer
Síndrome de Down
Abstract
Background

Subjects with Down syndrome (DS) have an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). As intellectual ability is lower in DS subjects than among the general population, it is difficult to determine whether cognition has deteriorated with age to the point of fulfilling AD diagnostic criteria. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Severe Impairment Battery (SIB) are standard cognitive tests widely used to assess dementia in the general population. There are few studies using the MMSE and the SIB on subjects with DS where dementia is suspected. The aim of the present study was to analyse the appropriateness of the SIB and the MMSE in the cognitive assessment of aging subjects with DS.

Methods

The SIB and the MMSE were administered to 45 subjects with DS (16 with Alzheimer's disease and 29 without dementia), and the DMR questionnaire was given to their caregivers.

Results

DS subjects with dementia had higher impairment levels than DS subjects without dementia in their social and total DMR scores, but no significant differences were found between the two groups in the SIB and MMSE scores or in cognitive DMR performance. Overall, SIB scores correlated significantly with MMSE results, total DMR, cognitive DMR, and social DMR. MMSE performance correlated significantly with total and cognitive DMR scores as well as SIB score.

Conclusion

The SIB and the MMSE are useful assessment tools in monitoring cognitive function among subjects with DS and cognitive loss or dementia.

Keywords:
Dementia
Cognition
Alzheimer's disease
Down syndrome
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Trabajo galardonado con el X Premio Ramon Trias Fargas de Investigación sobre el Síndrome de Down (2007).

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