Se presenta una lista anotada de las especies ícticas asociadas a los complejos insulares del golfo de California, la cual representa 615 especies incluidas en 3 clases, 37 órdenes, 121 familias y 338 géneros. La lista está basada en diversas colecciones científicas y en el análisis crítico de literatura especializada. El número de especies asociadas a las islas del golfo de California representa el 67.5 % de las reportadas para todo el golfo (911 spp.) y constituye el 22.8% de la riqueza de peces registradas para México (2 692 spp.), así como el 50.3% de la del Pacífico oriental tropical (1 222 spp.). La afinidad zoogeográfica es mayor con la provincia Sinuscaliforniana (71.2%), seguida por la Mexicana (60%), Panámica (54.8%) y Sandieguina (43.3%). Asimismo, se establece que el 10.2% de las especies son endémicas del golfo de California, 10.1% circumtropicales, 7.0% anfipacíficas y 1.6% anfiamericanas. Debido a su gran ictiodiversidad, se determina que las islas del golfo de California representan el complejo insular con mayor riqueza específica del Pacífico americano.
An annotated checklist of the fish fauna associated to insular ecosystems in the Gulf of California is presented, which is composed of 615 species included in 3 classes, 37 orders, 121 families, and 338 genera. The list is based on fish collections and a critic analysis of related literature. The number of fish species associated to islands in the Gulf of California represents 67.5% of all species known for the entire Gulf (911 spp.) as well as 22.8% of the fish fauna from Mexico (2 692 spp.) and 50.3% for the Tropical Eastern Pacific (1 222 spp.). Zoogeographically, the fish species showed a higher affinity to the Sinuscalifornian (Cortez) province (71.2%), followed by the Mexican (60%), Panamic (54.8%) and Sandiegan (43.3%) provinces. Based on their distributional patterns, 10.2% of the species are endemic to the Gulf of California, 10.1% are circuntropical, 7.0% amphipacific, and 1.6% amphiamerican. Because of its great fish diversity, the insular area in the Gulf of California represents the richest insular complex in the Eastern Pacific.
El golfo de California constituye un área de gran diversidad y abundante vida marina (Case y Cody, 1983), así como una de las principales áreas de pesca en México (Ruíz-Durá, 1985). En este mar interior existen aproximadamente 900 islas, las cuales representan cerca del 42% de las islas mexicanas (SEGOB-SEMAR, 1987; SEDESOL, 1994). Asimismo, es considerado uno de los ecosistemas insulares mejor conservados del mundo, con un alto grado de endemismo (Bourillón et al., 1988; Brusca y Findley, 2005).
Existe una serie de investigaciones que abordan los estudios taxonómicos y biogeográficos de la ictiofauna del golfo de California (Hubbs, 1960; Walker, 1960; Thomson et al., 1979, 2000; Castro-Aguirre, 1978, 1983, 1991; Thomson y Gilligan, 1983, 2002; Escobar-Fernández y Arenillas-Cuétara, 1987; Castro-Aguirre et al., 2005; Hastings y Findley, 2007; Hastings et al., 2010), otros que consideran bahías y lagunas costeras (Rodríguez et al., 1992; Abitia et al., 1994) e incluso existen inventarios icticos de alguna de las islas de este mar (Galván-Magaña et al., 1996). Sin embargo, a pesar del enorme esfuerzo dedicado (e.g., Schwartzlose, 1983; Chávez, 1985, 1986; Schwartzlose et al., 1992), no existe a la fecha un estudio que integre el conocimiento sobre la ictiofauna típica de los ambientes insulares del golfo. Se presenta en esta contribución una lista taxonómica verificada y sistemática de las especies ícticas que habitan en las inmediaciones de las islas del golfo de California, con información sobre sus afinidades zoogeográficas.
Materiales y métodosSe verificaron los registros de especímenes depositados en las siguientes colecciones ictiológicas: Colección Nacional de Peces (Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México); Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional; Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur; Universidad Autónoma de Baja California; Institución Scripps de Oceanografía de la Universidad de California; Universidad de Tucson; Academia de Ciencias de California, San Francisco; Museo Peabody de la Universidad de Yale; Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Instituto Smithsoniano; Academia de Ciencias Naturales de Filadelfia; Museo Field de Historia Natural, Chicago; Universidad de Washington; Museo de Zoología Comparativa, Universidad de Harvard; Museo Británico de Historia Natural, Londres; Museo Memorial de Texas, Austin; y Museo de Zoología de la Universidad de Michigan, Ann Arbor. Asimismo, se revisó la literatura especializada (tesis, artículos y libros científicos) con registros de peces en alguna de las islas del golfo de California (SEGOB-SEMAR, 1987; Cuadro 1). La nomenclatura y sistemática se basaron en Eschmeyer (1998), Compagno (1984), Espinosa-Pérez et al. (2004), Nelson et al. (2004) y Nelson (2006). Toda la información se resguarda en una base de datos, que puede ser proporcionada a los interesados por solicitud directa con los autores.
Islas del golfo de California de las que se obtuvieron registros de peces
Isla | Latitud (N) | Longitud (O) | Isla | Latitud (N) | Longitud (O) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1) Montague, B.C. | 31°41’ | 114°42’ | 35) San Diego, B. C. S. | 25°12’ | 110°42’ |
2) Rocas Consag, B. C. | 31°07.33’ | 114°29’ | 36) San José, B. C. S. | 24°59’ | 110°39’ |
3) Miramar, B. C. | 30°03’ | 114°33’ | 37) Las Ánimas, B. C. S. | 25°05.38’ | 110°33.53’ |
4) Encantada, B. C. | 30°01’ | 114°29’ | 38) San Francisco, B. C. S. | 24°50’ | 110°35’ |
5) San Luis, B. C. | 29°59’ | 114°26’ | 39) Los Islotes, B. C. S. | 24°35.33’ | 110°20.38’ |
6) Mejía, B. C. | 29°35’ | 113°35’ | 40) Partida, B. C. S. | 24°35’ | 110°24’ |
7) Ángel de la Guarda, B. C. | 29°17’ | 113°21’ | 41) Espíritu Santo, B. C. S. | 24°30’ | 110°21’ |
8) Estanque, B. C. | 29°04’ | 113°07’ | 42) Coyote, B. C. S. | 24°19.2’ | 110°30’ |
9) Smith, B. C. | 29°04’ | 113°21’ | 43) Cerralvo, B. C. S. | 24°15.5’ | 109°51.5’ |
10) Mitlán, B. C. | 29°02’ | 113°25’ | 44) La Ballena, B. C. S. | 24°28’ | 110°24’ |
11) Calaveras, B. C. | 29°01.65’ | 113°29.88’ | 45) Faro de San Rafael, B. C. S. | 24°16’ | 110°.21’ |
12) La Flecha, B. C. | 29°00’ | 113°30’ | 46) La Gaviota, B. C. S. | 24°17.22’ | 110°20.56’ |
13) Ventana, B. C. | 28°59.76’ | 113°30.56’ | 47) El Gallo-La Gallina, B. C. S. | 24°35’ | 110°21’ |
14) El Piojo, B. C. | 28°59’ | 113°25’ | 48) Pelícano, Son. | 31°01’ | 114°38’ |
15) El Racito, B. C. | 28°59’ | 113°30’ | 49) San Jorge, Son. | 31°01’ | 113°15’ |
16) Cabeza de caballo, B. C. | 28°57.09’ | 113°28.63’ | 50) Patos, Son. | 29°16’ | 112°27’ |
17) Partida, B. C. | 28°52’ | 113°02’ | 51) Tiburón, Son. | 29°00’ | 112°24’ |
18) Rasa, B. C. | 28°49’ | 112°59’ | 52) Turners, Son. | 28°43’ | 112°19’ |
19) Salsipuedes, B. C. | 28°45’ | 112°59’ | 53) San Esteban, Son. | 28°43’ | 112°35’ |
20) Las Ánimas, B. C. | 28°42’ | 112°56’ | 54) San Pedro Nolasco, Son. | 27°58’ | 111°23’ |
21) de San Lorenzo, B. C. | 28°38’ | 112°56’ | 55) Santa Catalina, Son. | 27°55.82’ | 111°03.75’ |
22) San Pedro Mártir, B. C. | 28°23’ | 112°20’ | 56) San Nicolás, Son. | 27°56.18’ | 111°03.3’ |
23) Tortuga, B. C. S. | 27°27’ | 111°54’ | 57) Blanca, Son. | 27°52.55’ | 110°58.4’ |
24) San Marcos, B. C. S. | 27°16’ | 112°07’ | 58) Candelero, Son. | 27°55.55’ | 110°59.67’ |
25) Santa Inés, B. C. S. | 27°02’ | 115°56’ | 59) Los Algodones, Son. | 27°59.5’ | 111°01.15’ |
26) Bahía Concepción, B. C. S. | 26°32’ | 111°44’ | 60) Conjunto Guaymas, Son. | 27°53.23’ | 110°51.01’ |
27) San Idelfonso, B. C. S. | 26°38’ | 111°27’ | 61) Patos, Sin. | 25°36’ | 109°15’ |
28) Coronados, B. C. S. | 26°07’ | 115°17’ | 62) San Ignacio Farallón, Sin. | 25°34’ | 109°15’ |
29) Carmen, B. C. S. | 25°56’ | 111°08.5’ | 63) Altamura, Sin. | 25°07’ | 108°20’ |
30) Danzante, B. C. S. | 25°48’ | 111°08.5’ | 64) Pájaros, Sin. | 23°15.25’ | 106°25.55’ |
31) Montserrat, B. C. S. | 25°40’ | 111°03’ | 65) Conjunto Mazatlán, Sin. | 23°14’ | 106°28’ |
32) Santa Catalina, B. C. S. | 25°36’ | 110°03’ | 66) Lobos, Sin. | 23°14’ | 106°28’ |
33) Santa Cruz, B. C. S. | 25°16’ | 110°43’ | 67) Cardones, Sin. | 23°10.75’ | 106°24.4’ |
34) Habana, B. C. S. | 25°07’ | 110°52’ |
Las afinidades zoogeográficas de las especies se presentan en la lista de acuerdo con su área de distribución conocida, según el esquema de regiones y provincias de Briggs (1974, 1995): PS= provincia Sandieguina, PSC= provincia Sinuscaliforniana (Cortés), PM= provincia Mexicana y PP= provincia Panámica. Además, se siguió el criterio de Castro-Aguirre (1983) y Castro-Aguirre et al. (2005), para la clasificación de los conjuntos ícticos con base en su distribución geográfica: AA= especies anfiamericanas, AP= anfipacificas, CT= circumtropical y E= endémicas. Se menciona también la isla específica en que se registró una determinada especie (Cuadro 2).
Lista sistemática de la ictiofauna asociada a las islas del Golfo de California
Afinidad zoogeográfica | Isla | |
---|---|---|
CLASE MYXINI ORDEN MIXINIFORMES FAMILIA MYXINIDAE | ||
Eptatretus mcconnaugheyi Wisner y McMillan, 1990 | PS, PSC | 29, 32. |
Eptatretus sinus Wisner y McMillan, 1990 | E | 7, 16, 29, 32. |
CLASE CHONDRICHTHYES SUBCLASE HOLOCEPHALI SUPERORDEN HOLOCEPHALIMORPHA ORDEN CHIMAERIFORMES FAMILIA CHIMAERIDAE | ||
Hydrolagus colliei (Lay y Bennett, 1839) | PS, PSC | 2, 51. |
SUBCLASE ELASMOBRANCHII SUPERORDEN GALEOMORPHI ORDEN HETERODONTIFORMES FAMILIA HETERODONTIDAE | ||
Heterodontus francisci (Girard, 1855) | PS, PSC | 4, 7, 11, 16, 18, 21, 22, 24, 30, 38, 49, 51, 53. |
Heterodontus mexicanus Taylor y Castro-Aguirre, 1972 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 4, 7, 17, 18, 19, 41, 43, 51. |
ORDEN ORECTOLOBIFORMES FAMILIA GINGLYMOSTOMATIDAE | ||
Ginglymostoma cirratum (Bonnaterre, 1788) | AA | 43. |
FAMILIA RHINCODONTIDAE | ||
Rhincodon typus Smith, 1828 | CT | 43. |
ORDEN LAMNIFORMES FAMILIA ODONTASPIDIDAE | ||
Odontaspis ferox (Risso, 1810) | CT | 9, 43, 51. |
FAMILIA ALOPIIDAE | ||
Alopias pelagicus Nakamura, 1935 | AP | 51. |
Alopias superciliosus (Lowe, 1841) | CT | 18, 19, 51. |
Alopias vulpinus (Bonnaterre, 1788) | CT | 18, 29, 36, 43, 51. |
FAMILIA LAMNIDAE | ||
Carcharodon carcharias (Linnaeus, 1758) | CT | 43. |
Isurus oxyrinchus Rafinesque, 1810 | CT | 43. |
ORDEN CARCHARHINIFORMES FAMILIA SCYLIORHINIDAE | ||
Cephaloscyllium ventriosum (Garman, 1880) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 32, 51, 53. |
Cephalurus cephalus (Gilbert, 1892) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 32. |
Galeus piperatus Springer y Wagner, 1966 | E | 7, 51. |
FAMILIA TRIAKIDAE | ||
Mustelus albipinnis Castro-Aguirre, Antuna-Mendiola, González-Acosta y de la Cruz-Agüero, 2005 | PS, PSC | 7, 31, 33. |
Mustelus californicus Gill, 1864 | PS, PSC, PM | 2, 17, 21, 49. |
Mustelus dorsalis Gill, 1864 | PSC, PM, PP | 51. |
Mustelus lunulatus Jordan y Gilbert, 1882 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 17, 33, 36, 41, 43, 49, 51. |
Triakis semifasciata Girard, 1855 | PS, PSC, PM | 7, 51. |
FAMILIA CARCHARHINIDAE | ||
Carcharhinus altimus (Springer, 1950) | CT | 51. |
Carcharhinus brachyurus (Günther, 1870) | CT | 41, 51. |
Carcharhinus falciformis (Müller y Henle, 1839) | CT | 4, 18, 36, 43, 51. |
Carcharhinus leucas (Müller y Henle, 1839) | CT | 32, 36, 41, 43. |
Carcharhinus limbatus (Müller y Henle, 1839) | CT | 29, 36, 43, 51. |
Carcharhinus longimanus (Poey, 1861) | CT | 41. |
Carcharhinus obscurus (Lesueur, 1818) | CT | 18, 43, 51. |
Carcharhinus porosus (Ranzani, 1839) | AA | 49, 51. |
Galeocerdo cuvier (Péron y Lesueur, 1822) | CT | 43. |
Nasolamia velox (Gilbert, 1898) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 41. |
Negaprion brevirostris (Poey, 1868) | AA | 29, 36, 43. |
Prionace glauca (Linnaeus, 1758) | CT | 29, 36, 41, 43. |
Rhizoprionodon longurio (Jordan y Gilbert, 1882) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 1, 2, 18, 26, 29, 36, 43, 48, 49, 51, 67. |
FAMILIA SPHYRNIDAE | ||
Sphyrna lewini (Griffith y Smith, 1834) | CT | 18, 24, 41, 45, 48, 51. |
Sphyrna media Springer, 1940 | PSC, PM, PP | 48. |
Sphyrna tiburo (Linnaeus, 1758) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 7, 29, 36, 43, 49, 51. |
Sphyrna zygaena (Linnaeus, 1758) | CT | 4, 7, 18, 36, 43, 49, 51. |
SUPERORDEN SQUALOMORPHI ORDEN HEXANCHIFORMES FAMILIA HEXANCHIDAE | ||
Notorynchus cepedianus (Péron, 1807) | CT | 43, 54. |
ORDEN ECHINORHINIFORMES FAMILIA ECfflNORHLNTDAE | ||
Echinorhinus cookei Pietschmann, 1928 | AP | 43. |
ORDEN SQUATINIFORMES FAMILIA SQUATINIDAE | ||
Squatina californica Ayres, 1859 | PS, PSC | 2, 7, 29, 36, 41, 43, 49, 51, 53. |
SUBDIVISIÓN BATOIDEA SUPERORDEN BATOIDEIOMORPHA ORDEN TORPEDINIFORMES FAMILIA NARCINIDAE | ||
Diplobatis ommata (Jordan y Gilbert, 1890) | PSC, PM, PP | 7, 13, 16, 17, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 36, 37, 38, 39, 41, 43, 51. |
Narcine entemedor Jordan y Starks, 1895 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 29, 41, 43, 65. |
Narcine vermiculatus Breder, 1928 | PSC, PM, PP | 65. |
ORDEN RHINOBATIFORMES FAMILIA RHINOBATIDAE | ||
Rhinobatos glaucostigma Jordan y Gilbert, 1883 | PSC, PM, PP | 65. |
Rhinobatos leucorhynchus Günther, 1867 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 4, 49. |
Rhinobatos productus Ayres, 1854 | PS, PSC, PM | 7, 36, 49, 51, 67. |
Zapteryx exasperata (Jordan y Gilbert, 1880) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 7, 16, 20, 29, 41, 49, 53. |
ORDEN RAJIFORMES FAMILIA PLATYRHINIDAE | ||
Platyrhinoidis triseriata (Jordan y Gilbert, 1880) | PS, PSC | 49. |
FAMILIA RAJIDAE | ||
Raja inornata Jordan y Gilbert, 1881 | PS, PSC | 7. |
Raja rhina Jordan y Gilbert, 1880 | PS, PSC | 7, 51 |
ORDEN MYLIOBATIFORMES FAMILIA UROLOPHIDAE | ||
Urobatis concentricus Osburn y Nichols, 1916 | PSC, PM | 7, 18, 19, 21, 22, 36, 38, 41, 43, 49, 51, 53, 59, 62. |
Urobatis halleri (Cooper, 1863) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 7, 9, 10, 13, 14, 16, 18, 21, 36, 41, 49, 50, 51, 67. |
Urobatis maculatus Garman, 1913 | E | 2, 8, 17, 21, 31, 43, 49, 51, 53. |
Urotrygon aspidura (Jordan y Gilbert, 1882) | PSC, PM, PP | 67. |
Urotrygon chilensis (Günther, 1872) | PSC, PM, PP | 53, 65. |
Urotrygon munda Gill, 1863 | PSC, PM, PP | 51, 53. |
Urotrygon nana Miyake y McEachran, 1988 | PSC, PM | 51. |
Urotrygon rogersi (Jordan y Starks, 1895) | PSC, PM, PP | 43. |
FAMILIA DASYATIDAE | ||
Dasyatis dipterura (Jordan y Gilbert, 1880) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 14, 36, 39, 41, 44, 49, 51. |
FAMILIA GYMNURIDAE | ||
Gymnura marmorata (Cooper, 1864) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 49, 51. |
FAMILIA MYLIOBATIDAE | ||
Aetobatus narinari (Euphrasen, 1790) | CT | 41, 43, 65. |
Myliobatis californica Gill, 1865 | PS, PSC | 2, 51. |
Myliobatis longirostris Applegate y Fitch, 1964 | E | 43. |
FAMILIA MOBULIDAE | ||
Manta birostris (Walbaum, 1792) | CT | 2, 4, 53, 61, 65. |
Mobula japanica (Müller y Henle, 1841) | CT | 43. |
Mobula munkiana Notarbartolo di-Sciara, 1987 | PSC, PM, PP | 38, 39, 41, 43. |
Mobula tarapacana (Philippi, 1892) | CT | 43. |
Mobula thurstoni (Lloyd, 1908) | AP | 38, 43. |
CLASE ACTINOPTERYGII SUBCLASE NEOPTERYGII DIVISION TELEOSTEI ORDEN ELOPIFORMES FAMILIA ELOPIDAE | ||
Elops affinis Regan, 1909 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 1, 21, 28, 29, 36, 41, 43, 51, 65. |
ORDEN ALBULIFORMES FAMILIA ALBULIDAE | ||
Albula pacifica (Beebe, 1942) | PSC, PM, PP | 67. |
Albula esuncula (Garman, 1899) | PSC, PM, PP | 3, 7, 28, 29, 36, 40, 41, 51, 65. |
Albula gilberti Pfeilfer y van der Heiden, 2011 | PSC, PM, PP | 7, 8, 51. |
ORDEN ANGUILLIFORMES SUBORDEN ANGUILLOIDEI FAMILIA MORINGUIDAE | ||
Neoconger vermiformis Gilbert, 1890 | PSC, PM, PP | 41. |
SUBORDEN MURAENOIDEI FAMILIA MURAENIDAE | ||
Anarchias galapagensis (Seale, 1940) | PSC, PM, PP | 25, 29, 33, 36, 41, 43. |
Echidna nebulosa (Ahl, 1789) | AP | 36, 38, 43. |
Echidna nocturna (Cope, 1872) | PSC, PM, PP | 22, 25, 29, 33, 36, 40, 43, 54, 62, 66. |
Enchelycore octaviana (Myers y Wade, 1941) | PSC, PM, PP | 24, 25, 29, 41, 42, 53, 66. |
Gymnomuraena zebra (Shaw, 1797) | AP | 29, 33, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43. |
Gymnothorax castaneus (Jordan y Gilbert, 1883) | PSC, PM, PP | 17, 18, 21, 23, 25, 29, 31, 32, 33, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 43, 44, 54, 60, 65, 66. |
Gymnothorax dovii (Günter, 1870) | PSC, PM, PP | 4, 41, 43, 47. |
Gymnothorax equatorialis (Hildebrand, 1946) | PSC, PM, PP | 41, 53, 65. |
Gymnothorax panamensis (Steindachner, 1876) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 24, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 36, 37, 40, 41, 43, 54, 59, 60, 62. |
Muraena argus (Steindachner, 1870) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 7, 9, 17, 23, 59. |
Muraena lentiginosa Jenyns, 1842 | PSC, PM, PP | 24, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 36, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 54, 59, 62, 65, 66. |
Uropterygius macrocephalus (Bleeker, 1864) | AP | 24, 29, 31, 33, 41, 42, 43. |
Uropterygius polystictus Myers y Wade, 1941 | PSC, PM, PP | 27, 33, 36, 43. |
Scuticaria tigrina (Lesson, 1828) | AP | 41, 43. |
SUBORDEN CONGROIDEI FAMILIA OPHICHTHIDAE | ||
Apterichtus gymnocelus (Böhlke, 1953) | E | 7, 51. |
Bascanichthys bascanoides Osburn y Nichols, 1916 | PSC | 7, 51. |
Callechelys cliffi Böhlke y Briggs, 1954 | PSC, PM, PP | 29, 36. |
Callechelys eristigma McCosker y Rosenblatt, 1972 | PSC, PM, PP | 29, 33, 36, 41, 43. |
Herpetoichthys fossatus (Myers y Wade, 1941) | E | 29, 33, 41. |
Ichthyapus selachops (Jordan y Gilbert, 1882) | PSC, PM | 22, 25, 29, 33, 36, 43. |
Myrichthys maculosus (Cuvier, 1816) | AP | 41. |
Myrichthys tigrinus Girard, 1859 | AP | 7, 22, 29, 31, 33, 36, 40, 41, 42, 43, 51. |
Myrophis vafer Jordan y Gilbert, 1883 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 2, 7, 29, 36, 40, 41, 51. |
Ophichthus frontalis Garman, 1899 | PSC, PM, PP | 41, 54. |
Ophichthus triserialis (Kaup, 1856) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 7. |
Ophichthus zophochir Jordan y Gilbert, 1882 | PSC, PM, PP | 8, 51, 65. |
Paraletharchus pacificus (Osburn y Nichols, 1916) | PSC, PM, PP | 25, 29, 33, 40, 43. |
Phaenomonas pinnata Myers y Wade, 1941 | PSC, PM, PP | 25, 29, 33, 54, 59. |
Quassiremus nothochir (Gilbert, 1890) | PSC, PM, PP | 20, 29, 33, 36, 43, 54, 65. |
FAMILIA CONGRIDAE | ||
Bathycongrus varidens (Garman, 1899) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 29. |
Gnathophis cinctus (Garman, 1899) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 7. |
Heteroconger canabus (Cowan y Rosenblatt, 1974) | E | 33, 43. |
Heteroconger digueti (Pellegrin, 1923) | PSC, PM | 22, 29, 33, 36, 38, 40, 41, 43, 47. |
Xenomystax atrarius Gilbert, 1891 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 54. |
FAMILIA NETTASTOMATIDAE | ||
Hoplunnis pacifica Lane y Stewart, 1968 | PSC, PM, PP | 36, 41. |
ORDEN CLUPEIFORMES SUBORDEN CLUPEOIDEI FAMILIA PRISTIGASTERIDAE | ||
Opisthopterus dovii (Günther, 1868) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 61. |
FAMILIA ENGRAULIDAE | ||
Anchoa exigua (Jordan y Gilbert, 1882) | AA | 36. |
Anchoa helleri (Hubbs, 1921) | E | 2, 49. |
Anchoa ischana (Jordan y Gilbert, 1882) | PSC, PM, PP | 36, 49, 51. |
Anchoa mundeoloides (Breder, 1928) | E | 1. |
Anchoa nasus (Kner y Steindachner, 1867) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 49. |
Anchoa walkeri Baldwin y Chang, 1970 | PSC, PM, PP | 2. |
Anchoviella parri Hildebrand, 1943 | E | 1. |
Cetengraulis mysticetus (Günter, 1867) | PSC, PM, PP | 1, 2, 43, 48. |
FAMILIA CLUPEIDAE | ||
Etrumeus teres (DeKay, 1842) | AP | 7, 16,26, 29, 30, 36, 41, 43, 51, 54, 58. |
Harengula thrissina (Jordan y Gilbert, 1882) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 23, 24, 29, 31, 36, 40, 41, 43. |
Lile nigrofasciata Castro-Aguirre, Ruiz-Campos y Balart, 2002 | PSC, PM, PP | 26. |
Lile stolifera (Jordan y Gilbert, 1882) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 3, 23, 24, 26, 29, 41. |
Opisthonema bulleri (Regan, 1904) | PSC, PM, PP | 7. |
Opisthonema libertate (Günther, 1867) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 2, 7, 18, 24, 26, 28, 32, 42, 49, 51, 54. |
Opisthonema medirastre Berry y Barret, 1963 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 7, 29, 43. |
Sardinops sagax (Jenyns, 1842) | PS, PSC, PM | 4, 6, 7, 17, 25, 29, 30, 31, 32, 36, 41, 43, 51, 53, 54, 58, 62. |
ORDEN GONORYNCHIFORMES SUBORDEN CHANOIDEI FAMILIA CHANIDAE | ||
Chanos chanos (Forsskål, 1775) | AP | 36, 41. |
ORDEN SILURIFORMES FAMILIA ARIIDAE | ||
Bagre panamensis (Gill, 1863) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 51, 60, 65. |
Bagre pinnimaculatus (Steindachner, 1877) | PSC, PM, PP | 42, 51. |
Sciades platypogon (Günther, 1864) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 36, 49, 59. |
Sciades seemanni (Günther, 1864) | PSC, PM, PP | 63. |
ORDEN ARGENTINIFORMES SUBORDEN ARGENTINOIDEI FAMILIA ARGENTINIDAE | ||
Argentina sialis Gilbert, 1890 | PS, PSC | 41. |
FAMILIA MICROSTOMATIDAE | ||
Leuroglossus stilbius Gilbert, 1890 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 23, 43, 51. |
ORDEN STOMIIFORMES SUBORDEN GONOSTOMATOIDEI FAMILIA STERNOPTYCHIDAE | ||
Argyropelecus lychnus Garman, 1899 | AP | 51. |
SUBORDEN PHOSICHTHYOIDEI FAMILIA PHOSICHTHYIDAE | ||
Vinciguerria lucetia (Garman, 1899) | AP | 24, 30, 42. |
ORDEN AULOPIFORMES SUBORDEN SYNODONTOIDEI FAMILIA AULOPIDAE | ||
Aulopus bajacali Parin y Kotlyar, 1984 | PS, PSC | 43. |
FAMILIA SYNODONTIDAE | ||
Synodus evermanni Jordan y Bollman, 1890 | PSC, PM, PP | 41, 43. |
Synodus lacertinus Gilbert, 1890 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 23, 25, 29, 33, 36, 41, 43. |
Synodus lucioceps (Ayres, 1855) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 6, 49, 50, 51, 52. |
Synodus scituliceps Jordan y Gilbert, 1882 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 2, 4, 24, 29, 36, 43, 49, 51, 65. |
Synodus sechurae Hildebrand, 1946 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 29, 41, 50. |
ORDEN MYCTOPHIFORMES FAMILIA MYCTOPHIDAE | ||
Benthosema panamense (Tåning, 1932) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 21, 24, 30, 36, 43, 51. |
Diaphus pacificus Parr, 1931 | CT | 43. |
Diogenichthys laternatus (Garman, 1899) | AP | 29, 32, 43. |
Hygophum atratum (Garman, 1899) | AP | 43. |
Hygophum reinhardtii (Lütken, 1892) | AP | 33, 35. |
Protomyctophum crockeri (Bolin, 1939) | AP | 28. |
Symbolophorus californiensis (Eigenmann y Eigenmann, 1889) | AP | 49. |
Triphoturus mexicanus (Gilbert, 1890) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 24, 27, 29, 43, 49, 51. |
ORDEN LAMPRIFORMES FAMILIA TRACHIPTERIDAE | ||
Trachipterus fukuzakii Fitch, 1964 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 45. |
ORDEN GADIFORMES FAMILIA BREGMACEROTIDAE | ||
Bregmaceros bathymaster Jordan y Bollman, 1890 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 43. |
FAMILIA MACROURIDAE | ||
Coelorinchus scaphopsis (Gilbert, 1890) | PS, PSC | 7, 51. |
FAMILIA MORIDAE | ||
Laemonema verecundum (Jordan y Cramer, 1897) | PSC, PM | 41. |
Physiculus nematopus Gilbert, 1890 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 7, 41, 54. |
FAMILIA MERLUCCIIDAE | ||
Merluccius angustimanus Garman, 1899 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 23, 51. |
Merluccius productus (Ayres, 1855) | PS, PSC | 32. |
ORDEN OPHIDIIFORMES SUBORDEN OPHIDIOIDEI FAMILIA CARAPIDAE | ||
Carapus dubius (Putnam, 1874) | PSC, PM, PP | 20, 36, 41. |
Encheliophis vermicularis Müller, 1842 | AP | 41. |
FAMILIA OPHIDIIDAE | ||
Cherublemma emmelas (Gilbert, 1890) | PSC, PM, PP | 32. |
Chilara taylori (Girard, 1858) | PS, PSC, PP | 51. |
Lepophidium microlepis (Gilbert, 1890) | PS, PSC, PP | 7. |
Lepophidium prorates (Jordan y Bollman, 1890) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 41. |
Lepophidium stigmatistium (Gilbert, 1890) | PS, PSC | 41. |
Neobythites stelliferoides Gilbert, 1890 | PSC, PM, PP | 41. |
Ophidion galeoides (Gilbert, 1890) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 50. |
Ophidion iris Breder, 1936 | E | 25, 29, 33, 36, 41, 43. |
Otophidium indefatigabile Jordan y Bollman, 1890 | PSC, PM, PP | 20. |
Petrotyx hopkinsi Heller y Snodgrass, 1903 | PSC, PM, PP | 6, 7, 41, 43. |
SUBORDEN BYTHITOIDEI FAMILIA BYTHITIDAE | ||
Grammonus diagrammus (Heller y Snodgrass, 1903) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 24, 27, 29, 33, 36, 37, 41, 54. |
Ogilbia davidsmithi Møller, Schwarzhans y Nielsen, 2005 | E | 25, 27, 33, 41. |
Ogilbia nudiceps Møller, Schwarzhans y Nielsen, 2005 | E | 27, 41. |
Ogilbia ventralis (Gill, 1863) | E | 7, 28, 29, 36, 41, 43, 62, 64, 65, 66. |
ORDEN BATRACHOIDIFORMES FAMILIA BATRACHOIDIDAE | ||
Batrachoides pacifici (Günther, 1861) | PSC, PM, PP | 49. |
Porichthys analis Hubbs y Schultz, 1939 | PSC, PM | 2, 7, 26, 36, 41, 49, 52, 53, 65. |
Porichthys margaritatus (Richardson, 1844) | PSC, PM, PP | 4, 7, 41, 51. |
Porichthys myriaster Hubbs y Schultz, 1939 | PS, PSC | 51. |
Porichthys notatus Girard, 1854 | PS, PSC | 2, 4, 43, 51, 56, 61. |
ORDEN LOPHIIFORMES SUBORDEN LOPHIOIDEI FAMILIA LOPHIIDAE | ||
Lophiodes caulinaris (Garman, 1899) | PSC, PM, PP | 41. |
Lophiomus spilurus (Garman, 1899) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 41. |
SUBORDEN ANTENNARIOIDEI FAMILIA ANTENNARIIDAE | ||
Antennarius avalonis Jordan y Starks, 1907 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 2, 6, 20, 22, 25, 27, 29, 33, 36, 41, 43, 53, 54, 55. |
Antennarius sanguineus Gill, 1863 | PSC, PM, PP | 20, 29, 33, 36, 41, 42, 43, 62, 66. |
Antennatus strigatus (Gill, 1863) | PSC, PM, PP | 36, 41, 43, 46, 54, 62. |
SUBORDEN OGCOCEPHALIOIDEI FAMILIA OGCOCEPHALIDAE | ||
Zalieutes elater (Jordan y Gilbert, 1882) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 41. |
ORDEN MUGILIFORMES FAMILIA MUGILIDAE | ||
Chaenomugil proboscideus (Günter, 1861) | PSC, PM, PP | 22, 29, 33, 41, 43, 64, 65. |
Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758 | CT | 1, 3, 18, 29, 36, 38, 41, 43, 46, 51, 65. |
Mugil curema Valenciennes, 1836 | CT | 7, 18, 19, 20, 26, 29, 36, 41, 47, 51, 59, 65. |
Mugil hospes Jordan y Cuvier, 1895 | AA | 41. |
ORDEN ATHERINIFORMES FAMILIA ATHERINIDAE | ||
Atherinella eriarcha Jordan y Gilbert, 1882 | PSC, PM, PP | 29, 32, 33, 43, 64, 65. |
Atherinella nepenthe (Myers y Wade, 1942) | PSC, PM, PP | 32, 65. |
Atherinopsis affinis (Ayres, 1860) | PS, PSC | 7, 16, 18, 19, 51. |
Atherinopsis californiensis Girard, 1854 | PS, PSC | 51. |
Colpichthys regis (Jenkins y Evermann, 1889) | E | 3, 22, 51. |
Leuresthes sardina (Jenkins y Evermann, 1889) | E | 7, 16, 29, 49, 51, 52, 59. |
ORDEN BELONIFORMES FAMILIA EXOCOETIDAE | ||
Cheilopogon pinnatibarbatus (Bennett, 1831) | PS, PSC | 32. |
Cypselurus callopterus (Günther, 1866) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 36. |
Fodiator rostratus (Günther, 1866) | AA | 2, 7, 25, 36, 40, 51, 65. |
FAMILIA HEMIRAMPHIDAE | ||
Euleptorhamphus viridis (van Hasselt, 1823) | AP | 43. |
Hemirhamphus saltator Gilbert y Starks, 1904 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 25, 29, 36, 38, 43. |
Hyporhamphus gilli Meek y Hildebrand, 1923 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 36, 43, 51. |
Hyporhamphus naos Banford y Collette, 2001 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 25, 29, 36, 41, 43, 51, 65. |
Hyporhamphus rosae (Jordan y Gilbert, 1880) | PS, PSC | 29, 41, 43. |
FAMILIA BELONIDAE | ||
Ablennes hians (Valenciennes 1846) | CT | 36, 46. |
Platybelone argalus pterura (Osburn y Nichols, 1916) | CT | 25, 29, 33, 38, 41, 43. |
Strongylura exilis (Girard, 1854) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 28, 29, 36, 41, 43, 51, 65. |
Tylosurus pacificus (Steindachner, 1876) | CT | 17, 29, 36, 46. |
Tylosurus crocodilus fodiator Jordan y Gilbert 1882 | CT | 46. |
ORDEN BERYCIFORMES SUBORDEN TRACHICHTHYOIDEI FAMILIA ANOMALOPIDAE | ||
Pthanophaneron harveyi (Rosenblatt y Montgomery, 1976) | E | 22, 51. |
SUBORDEN HOLOCENTROIDEI FAMILIA HOLOCENTRIDAE | ||
Myripristis leiognathus Valenciennes, 1846 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 20, 24, 25, 28, 29, 31, 33, 36, 37, 39, 40, 41, 43, 46, 47, 54, 62, 65, 66. |
Sargocentron suborbitalis (Gill, 1863) | PSC, PM, PP | 22, 27, 28, 29, 30, 33, 36, 38, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 47, 53, 54, 59, 64, 65, 66. |
ORDEN GASTEROSTEIFORMES SUBORDEN SYNGNATHOIDEI FAMILIA SYNGNATHIDAE | ||
Cosmocampus arctus arctus (Jenkins y Everman, 1889) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 29, 33, 43, 58. |
Doryrhamphus excisus Kaup, 1856 | AP | 7, 22, 25, 29, 33, 36, 40, 41, 43, 54, 62. |
Hippocampus ingens Girard, 1858 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 20, 25, 29, 43, 51, 57, 65. |
Syngnathus auliscus (Swain, 1882) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 29, 43, 54. |
Syngnathus carinatus (Gilbert, 1892) | E | 1, 51. |
FAMILIA AULOSTOMIDAE | ||
Aulostomus chinensis (Linnaeus, 1766) | AP | 43. |
FAMILIA FISTULARIIDAE | ||
Fistularia commersonii Rüppell, 1838 | AP | 29, 31, 32, 36, 38, 39, 40, 41, 43, 44, 47, 55, 65. |
Fistularia corneta Gilbert y Starks, 1904 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 29, 43. |
ORDEN SCORPAENIFORMES SUBORDEN SCORPAENOIDEI FAMILIA SCORPAENIDAE | ||
Pontinus furcirhinus Garman, 1899 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 16, 41, 43. |
Pontinus sierra (Gilbert, 1890) | PSC, PM, PP | 41. |
Scorpaena guttata (Girard, 1854) | PS, PSC | 7, 8, 18, 21, 49, 51, 53, 54. |
Scorpaena histrio Jenyns, 1840 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 21, 36, 54. |
Scorpaena mystes Jordan y Starks, 1895 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 7, 9, 13, 14, 15, 17, 24, 25, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 33, 36, 39, 41, 43, 49, 50, 51, 53, 54, 55, 58, 59, 62, 65, 66. |
Scorpaena russula Jordan y Bollman, 1890 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 2, 4. |
Scorpaena sonorae Jenkins y Evermann, 1889 | E | 2, 4, 7, 36, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53. |
Scorpaenodes xyris (Jordan y Gilbert, 1882) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 6, 7, 9, 17, 20, 24, 25, 27, 28, 29, 31, 32, 33, 34, 36, 37, 38, 40, 41, 42, 43, 47, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 57, 58, 59, 62, 65, 66. |
Sebastes constellatus (Jordan y Gilbert, 1880) | PS, PSC | 43. |
Sebastes cortezi (Beebe y Tee-Van, 1938) | E | 36, 41. |
Sebastes exsul Chen, 1971 | E | 16. |
SUBORDEN PLATYCEPHALOIDEI FAMILIA TRIGLIDAE | ||
Bellator gymnostethus (Gilbert, 1892) | PSC, PM, PP | 41, 43, 52. |
Bellator loxias (Jordan, 1897) | PSC, PM, PP | 36, 41. |
Bellator xenisma (Jordan y Bollman, 1890) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 41, 43, 49. |
Prionotus albirostris Jordan y Bollman, 1890 | PSC, PM, PP | 41, 51. |
Prionotus horrens Richardson, 1844 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 2, 4. |
Prionotus ruscarius Gilbert y Starkh, 1904 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 4, 49, 65. |
Prionotus stephanophrys Lockington, 1881 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 2, 4, 41, 51, 52. |
SUBORDEN COTTOIDEI FAMILIA AGONIDAE | ||
Xeneretmus ritteri Gilbert, 1915 | PS, PSC | 51. |
ORDEN PERCIFORMES SUBORDEN PERCOIDEI FAMILIA CENTROPOMIDAE | ||
Centropomus viridis Lockington, 1877 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 65. |
FAMILIA SERRANIDAE | ||
Alphestes immaculatus Breder, 1936 | PSC, PM, PP | 7, 9, 13, 17, 24, 25, 27, 28, 29, 33, 36, 38, 40, 41, 43, 44, 47, 53, 54, 58, 60, 65. |
Alphestes multiguttatus (Günther, 1867) | PSC, PM, PP | 28, 29, 36, 38, 43, 54, 65, 66. |
Cephalopholis panamensis (Steindachner, 1877) | PSC, PM, PP | 2, 7, 14, 18, 20, 24, 25, 27, 29, 30, 33, 36, 38, 39, 40, 41, 43, 44, 47, 51, 52, 54, 60. |
Dermatolepis dermatolepis (Boulenger, 1895) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 25, 33, 36, 54, 65. |
Diplectrum euryplectrum Jordan y Bollman, 1890 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 2. |
Diplectrum labarum Rosenblatt y Johnson, 1974 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 36, 41, 65. |
Diplectrum macropoma (Günther, 1864) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 41. |
Diplectrum pacificum Meek y Hildebrand, 1925 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 2, 4, 7, 28, 41, 49, 51, 54. |
Diplectrum rostrum Bortone, 1974 | PSC, PM, PP | 36, 41. |
Diplectrum sciurus Gilbert, 1892 | PS, PSC | 51. |
Epinephelus acanthistius (Gilbert, 1892) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 29, 36, 37, 41, 43. |
Epinephelus analogus Gill, 1863 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 7, 29, 36, 41, 43, 49, 51. |
Epinephelus quinquefasciatus (Bocourt, 1868) | PSC, PM, PP | 43, 65. |
Epinephelus labriformis (Jenyns, 1840) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 10, 22, 25, 27, 29, 31, 32, 33, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 47, 54, 62, 64, 65, 66. |
Epinephelus niphobles Gilbert y Starks, 1897 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 18, 33, 40, 43. |
Hemanthias peruanus (Steindachner, 1875) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 2, 16, 41, 43, 65. |
Hemanthias signifer (Garman, 1899) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 36, 40, 41. |
Liopropoma fasciatum Bussing, 1980 | PSC, PM, PP | 20, 33, 39, 41, 46, 47, 54. |
Mycteroperca jordani (Jenkins y Evermann, 1889) | PS, PSC | 7, 29, 37, 41, 43, 51, 65. |
Mycteroperca prionura Rosenblatt y Zahuaranec, 1967 | E | 7, 9, 21, 25, 29, 33, 36, 38, 39, 41, 51, 52, 53. |
Mycteroperca rosacea (Streets, 1877) | PS, PSC, PM | 2, 7, 9, 10, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 22, 24, 25, 26, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 36, 37, 38, 39, 41, 43, 44, 47, 53, 60, 62, 65. |
Mycteroperca xenarcha Jordan, 1888 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 7, 22, 41, 43, 65. |
Paralabrax auroguttatus Walford, 1936 | PS, PSC, PM | 7, 9, 16, 21, 24, 29, 36, 41, 43. |
Paralabrax maculatofasciatus (Steindachner, 1868) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 4, 7, 8, 16, 17, 21, 24, 29, 36, 49, 51, 53, 61. |
Paralabrax nebulifer (Girard, 1854) | PS, PSC | 51. |
Paranthias colonus (Valenciennes, 1846) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 6, 17, 18, 20, 25, 27, 29, 33, 36, 37, 39, 41, 43, 44, 47, 54, 59, 62. |
Pronotogrammus eos Gilbert, 1890 | PSC, PM, PP | 41. |
Pronotogrammus multifasciatus Gill, 1863 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 41, 46. |
Pseudogramma thaumasium (Gilbert, 1900) | PSC, PM, PP | 24, 25, 29, 33, 36, 41, 46, 54, 59. |
Rypticus bicolor Valenciennes, 1846 | PSC, PM | 16, 23, 24, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 47, 54, 58, 60, 62. |
Rypticus nigripinnis Gill, 1861 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 27, 29, 31, 33, 36, 37, 41, 45, 55, 62. |
Serranus aequidens Gilbert, 1890 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 40, 43. |
Serranus fasciatus (Jenyns, 1840) | PSC, PM, PP | 7, 9, 13, 16, 24, 25, 27, 29, 33, 36, 41, 43, 49, 56, 59. |
Serranus psittacinus Valenciennes, 1846 | PSC, PM, PP | 2, 7, 9, 13, 14, 15, 33, 36, 37, 38, 39, 41, 43, 44, 47, 65. |
FAMILIA OPISTOGNATHIDAE | ||
Opistognathus brochus Bussing y Lavenberg, 2003 | PSC, PP | 36. |
Opistognathus fossoris Bussing y Lavenberg, 2003 | E | 33, 36, 41, 47. |
Opistognathus punctatus Peters, 1869 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 7, 20, 29, 33, 36, 38, 40, 41, 59. |
Opistognathus rhomaleus Jordan y Gilbert, 1882 | PS, PSC, PM | 7, 16, 20, 29, 30, 33, 36, 41, 51, 53. |
Opistognathus rosenblatti Allen y Robertson, 1991 | E | 7, 15, 16, 22, 29, 33, 36, 38, 41, 54. |
Opistognathus scops (Jenkins y Evermann, 1889) | PSC, PM, PP | 33, 40, 41. |
FAMILIA PRIACANTHIDAE | ||
Heteropriacanthus cruentatus (Lacepède, 1801) | CT | 43, 65. |
Pristigenys serrula (Gilbert, 1891) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 7, 17, 18, 35, 36, 41, 43, 54, 65. |
FAMILIA APOGONIDAE | ||
Apogon pacificus (Herre, 1935) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 20, 25, 27, 33, 36, 43, 47, 54. |
Apogon retrosella (Gill, 1862) | PSC, PM | 2, 5, 6, 7, 12, 13, 15, 16, 24, 25, 27, 29, 31, 32, 33, 34, 36, 37, 38, 40, 41, 42, 43, 46, 47, 49, 51, 52, 54, 55, 57, 58, 59, 60, 62, 65, 66. |
FAMILIA MALACANTHIDAE | ||
Caulolatilus affinis Gill, 1865 | PSC, PM, PP | 29, 43, 52. |
Caulolatilus hubbsi Dooley, 1978 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 25. |
Caulolatilus princeps (Jenyns, 1840) | PS, PSC, PP | 16, 21, 31, 41, 43, 51. |
FAMILIA NEMATISTIIDAE | ||
Nematistius pectoralis Gill, 1862 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 29, 31, 36, 43, 45, 65. |
FAMILIA CORYPHAENIDAE | ||
Coryphaena hippurus Linnaeus, 1758 | CT | 41,43, 54. |
FAMILIA ECHENEIDAE | ||
Remora australis (Bennett, 1840) | CT | 43. |
Remora brachyptera (Lowe, 1839) | CT | 41, 43. |
Remora remora (Linnaeus, 1758) | CT | 41, 43, 51. |
Remora albescens (Temminck y Schlegel, 1850) | CT | 45, 51. |
FAMILIA CARANGIDAE | ||
Alectis ciliaris (Bloch, 1787) | CT | 41. |
Caranx caballus Günther, 1868 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 23, 28, 29, 30, 32, 36, 38, 41, 43, 47, 51, 65. |
Caranx caninus Günther, 1867 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 29, 36, 41, 43, 65. |
Caranx lugubris Poey, 1860 | CT | 43 |
Caranx melampygus Cuvier, 1833 | CT | 43, 65. |
Caranx otrynter Jordan y Gilbert, 1883 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 29, 30, 43, 65. |
Caranx sexfasciatus Quoy y Gaimard, 1825 | AP | 24, 29, 30, 36, 41, 43, 47, 65. |
Caranx vinctus Jordan and Gilbert, 1882 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 41, 48. |
Chloroscombrus orqueta Jordan y Gilbert, 1883 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 41,65. |
Decapterus macarellus (Cuvier, 1833) | CT | 36, 41. |
Elagatis bipinnulata (Quoy y Gaimard, 1825) | CT | 36, 43. |
Gnathanodon speciosus (Forsskål, 1775) | AP | 29, 38, 43, |
Hemicaranx zelotes Gilbert, 1898 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 26, 63, 65. |
Naucrates ductor (Linnaeus, 1758) | CT | 38, 43, 51. |
Oligoplites altus (Günther, 1868) | PSC, PM, PP | 1, 41. |
Oligoplites refulgens Gilbert y Starks, 1904 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 20, 51, 52. |
Oligoplites saurus (Bloch y Schneider, 1801) | AA | 18, 51. |
Selar crumenophthalmus (Bloch, 1793) | CT | 29, 30, 36, 41, 43, 51, 65. |
Selene brevoortii (Gill, 1863) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 36, 51, 65. |
Selene peruviana (Guichenot, 1866) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 65, 67. |
Seriola lalandi Valenciennes, 1833 | CT | 7, 8, 10, 14, 15, 17, 29, 32, 41, 43, 60. |
Seriola peruana Steindachner, 1881 | PSC, PM, PP | 39. |
Seriola rivoliana Valenciennes, 1833 | CT | 41, 43. |
Trachinotus kennedyi Steindachner, 1876 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 43, 66. |
Trachinotus paitensis Cuvier, 1832 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 41, 47. |
Trachinotus rhodopus Gill, 1863 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 29, 33, 36, 41, 43, 51, 65, 66. |
Trachurus symmetricus (Ayres, 1855) | PS, PSC | 29, 41, 43. |
FAMILIA LUTJANIDAE | ||
Hoplopagrus guentherii Gill, 1862 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 28, 29, 30, 36, 37, 38, 39, 41, 43, 44, 47, 65, 66. |
Lutjanus aratus (Günther, 1864) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 29, 36, 41, 43. |
Lutjanus argentiventris (Peters, 1869) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 7, 26, 28, 29, 30, 32, 36, 37, 38, 39, 41, 43, 44, 47, 51, 63, 65. |
Lutjanus colorado Jordan y Gilbert, 1882 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 41, 65. |
Lutjanus guttatus (Steindachner, 1869) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 26, 29, 36, 41, 43, 49, 51, 65. |
Lutjanus inermis (Peters, 1869) | PSC, PM, PP | 36. |
Lutjanus jordani (Gilbert, 1898) | PSC, PM, PP | 36. |
Lutjanus novemfasciatus Gill, 1862 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 29, 36, 37, 38, 40, 41, 43, 44, 59, 65. |
Lutjanus peru (Nichols y Murphy, 1922) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 43, 51, 65. |
Lutjanus viridis (Valenciennes, 1846) | PSC, PM, PP | 29, 31, 36, 39, 41, 43. |
FAMILIA GERREIDAE | ||
Diapterus brevirostris (Sauvage, 1879) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 29, 41, 59, 61, 65. |
Eucinostomus currani Zahuranec, 1980 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 8, 29, 40, 41, 51, 59, 64, 65. |
Eucinostomus dowii (Gill, 1863) | PSC, PM, PP | 7, 8, 18, 19, 26, 29, 36, 38, 40, 41, 43, 46, 49, 51, 61, 65. |
Eucinostomus entomelas Zahuranec, 1980 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 29, 36, 40, 41, 49, 61. |
Eucinostomus gracilis (Gill, 1862) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 7, 17, 28, 29, 40, 41, 49, 65. |
Gerres cinereus (Walbaum, 1792) | AA | 18, 29, 36, 41, 51, 65. |
FAMILIA HAEMULIDAE | ||
Anisotremus davidsonii (Steindachner, 1876) | PS, PSC | 2, 10, 14, 15, 48, 51, 52, 53, 55. |
Anisotremus interruptus (Gill, 1862) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 10, 15, 28, 29, 31, 32, 33, 36, 38, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 65. |
Anisotremus taeniatus Gill, 1861 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 41, 43, 47, 65. |
Haemulon flaviguttatum Gill, 1862 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 7, 8, 14, 15, 17, 23, 24, 28, 29, 30, 36, 41, 43, 49, 51, 53. |
Haemulon maculicauda (Gill, 1862) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 2, 29,36, 41, 43, 51. |
Haemulon scudderii Gill, 1862 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 36, 41, 43. |
Haemulon sexfasciatum Gill, 1862 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 7, 24, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 36, 38, 40, 41, 43, 47, 51, 55, 60, 65. |
Haemulon steindachneri (Jordan y Gilbert, 1882) | AA | 2, 29, 36, 41, 49, 51, 61, 65. |
Haemulopsis axillaris (Steindachner, 1869) | PSC, PM, PP | 65. |
Haemulopsis elongatus (Steindachner, 1879) | PSC, PM, PP | 67. |
Haemulopsis leuciscus (Günther, 1864) | PSC, PM, PP | 4, 28, 29, 30, 31, 40, 51, 61, 65. |
Haemulopsis nitidus (Steindachner, 1869) | PSC, PM, PP | 65. |
Microlepidotus brevipinnis (Steindachner, 1869) | PSC, PM, PP | 29, 36, 41. |
Microlepidotus inornatus Gill, 1862 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 7, 8, 14, 17, 19, 20, 24, 25, 28, 29, 30, 32, 36, 38, 40, 41, 43, 46, 51. |
Orthopristis cantharinus (Jenyns, 1840) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 36, 49. |
Orthopristis chalceus (Günther, 1864) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 41, 48, 51, 65. |
Orthopristis reddingi Jordab y Richardson, 1895 | E | 49, 51, 53, 67. |
Pomadasys branicki (Steindachner, 1879) | PSC, PM, PP | 29. |
Pomadasys macracanthus (Günther, 1864) | PSC, PM, PP | 41. |
Pomadasys panamensis (Steindachner, 1876) | PSC, PM, PP | 2, 4, 36, 41, 49, 51, 61. |
Xenistius californiensis (Steindachner, 1876) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 2, 4, 11, 18, 36, 41, 49, 51, 59, 60. |
FAMILIA SPARIDAE | ||
Calamus brachysomus (Lockington, 1880) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 4, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 19, 20, 25, 28, 29, 41, 43, 49, 51, 59. |
FAMILIA POLYNEMIDAE | ||
Polydactylus approximans (Lay y Bennett, 1839) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 29, 65, 66. |
FAMILIA SCIAENIDAE | ||
Atractoscion nobilis (Ayres, 1860) | PS, PSC | 51, 22. |
Bairdiella armata Gill, 1863 | PSC, PM, PP | 4. |
Bairdiella icistia (Jordan y Gilbert, 1882) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 1, 51. |
Cynoscion othonopterus Jordan y Gilbert, 1882 | E | 1. |
Cynoscion parvipinnis Ayres, 1861 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 1, 7, 41, 51. |
Cynoscion reticulatus (Günther, 1864) | PSC, PM, PP | 51, 65. |
Cynoscion stolzmanni (Steindachner, 1879) | PSC, PM, PP | 2. |
Cynoscion xanthulus Jordan y Gilbert, 1882 | PSC, PM, PP | 49. |
Isopisthus remifer Jordan y Gilbert, 1882 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 2, 65. |
Larimus pacificus Jordan y Bollman, 1890 | PSC, PM, PP | 57. |
Menticirrhus nasus (Günther, 1868) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 25, 41. |
Menticirrhus panamensis (Steindachner, 1877) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 67. |
Micropogonias altipinnis (Günther, 1864) | PSC, PM, PP | 2, 4, 65. |
Micropogonias ectenes (Jordan y Gilbert, 1882) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 41. |
Micropogonias megalops (Gilbert, 1890) | PSC, PM | 1, 2, 4, 7. |
Ophioscion scierus (Jordan y Gilbert, 1884) | PSC, PM, PP | 65. |
Pareques viola (Gilbert, 1898) | PSC, PM, PP | 7, 13, 17, 18, 20, 24, 25, 29, 33, 36, 38, 40, 41, 51, 52, 53, 54, 58. |
Totoaba macdonaldi (Gilbert, 1890) | E | 1, 2, 4, 5, 48, 49. |
Umbrina dorsalis Gill, 1862 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 65. |
Umbrina roncador Jordan y Gilbert, 1882 | PSC, PM, PP | 51. |
Umbrina xanti Gill, 1862 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 4, 36, 51. |
FAMILIA MULLIDAE | ||
Mulloidichthys dentatus (Gill, 1862) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 4, 28, 29, 30, 31, 36, 38, 40, 41, 43, 47, 51, 65. |
Pseudupeneus grandisquamis (Gill, 1863) | PSC, PM, PP | 4, 28, 36, 41, 43, 50, 53, 65. |
FAMILIA KYPHOSIDAE | ||
Girella nigricans (Ayres, 1860) | PS, PSC | 7, 8, 17, 18, 19, 27, 31, 51. |
Girella simplicidens Osburn y Nichols, 1916 | E | 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 22, 24, 27, 36, 41, 43, 51, 54. |
Hermosilla azurea Jenkins y Evermann, 1889 | PS, PSC | 7, 18, 29, 51. |
Kyphosus analogus (Gill, 1862) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 7, 8, 29, 31, 32, 36, 38, 41, 43, 51, 65. |
Kyphosus elegans (Peters, 1869) | PSC, PM, PP | 7, 17, 20, 21, 24, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 36, 38, 41, 43, 47, 51. |
Sectator ocyurus (Jordan y Gilbert, 1882) | CT | 29, 41. |
FAMILIA CHAETODONTIDAE | ||
Chaetodon humeralis Günther, 1860 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 36, 38, 40, 41, 43, 47, 58, 64, 65, 66. |
Forcipiger flavissimus Jordan y McGregor, 1898 | AP | 41, 43, 54. |
Johnrandallia nigrirostris (Gill, 1862) | PSC, PM, PP | 6, 10, 20, 25, 29, 33, 36, 38, 40, 41, 43, 47, 57, 62, 64, 65 |
Prognathodes falcifer (Hubbs y Rechnitzer, 1958) | PS, PSC | 20, 43, 46, 47, 55. |
FAMILIA POMACANTHIDAE | ||
Holacanthus clarionensis Gilbert, 1890 | PS, PSC, PM | 41. |
Holacanthus passer Valenciennes, 1846 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 9, 10, 11, 14, 15, 20, 24, 25, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 33, 36, 37, 38, 40, 41, 42, 43, 47, 54, 55, 58, 60, 62, 65, 66. |
Pomacanthus zonipectus (Gill, 1862) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 7, 9, 13, 15, 20, 29, 30, 31, 36, 41, 43, 47, 55, 57, 58, 64, 65. |
FAMILIA CIRRHITIDAE | ||
Cirrhitichthys oxycephalus (Bleeker, 1855) | AP | 15, 20, 24, 25, 27, 29, 33, 36, 37, 38, 40, 41, 43, 54, 62. |
Cirrhitus rivulatus Valenciennes, 1846 | PSC, PM, PP | 23, 24, 27, 29, 31, 33, 36, 38, 41, 43, 54, 55, 62, 65, 66. |
Oxycirrhites typus Bleeker, 1857 | AP | 22, 33, 36, 41, 54, 57. |
SUBORDEN LABROIDEI FAMILIA EMBIOTOCIDAE | ||
Zalembius rosaceus (Jordan y Gilbert, 1880) | PS, PSC | 54. |
FAMILIA POMACENTRIDAE | ||
Abudefduf concolor (Gill, 1862) | PSC, PM, PP | 43, 65, 66. |
Abudefduf declivifrons (Gill, 1862) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 41, 43, 65, 66. |
Abudefduf troschelii (Gill, 1862) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 7, 9, 13, 14, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 33, 36, 38, 40, 41, 43, 47, 51, 52, 54, 55, 59, 65, 66. |
Chromis alta Greenfield y Woods, 1980 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 32, 43, 46, 55. |
Chromis atrilobata Gill, 1862 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 2, 9, 15, 20, 24, 25, 27, 29, 32, 33, 36, 37, 38, 40, 41, 43, 47, 54, 58, 62, 65. |
Chromis limbaughi Greenfield y Woods, 1980 | E | 7, 9, 16, 25, 29, 33, 36, 41, 46, 47, 55. |
Hypsypops rubicundus (Girard, 1854) | PS, PSC | 18, 12. |
Microspathodon bairdii (Gill, 1862) | PSC, PM, PP | 38, 41, 43, 65, 66. |
Microspathodon dorsalis (Gill, 1862) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 27, 29, 33, 34, 36, 38, 41, 43, 47, 54, 62, 65, 66. |
Stegastes acapulcoensis (Fowler, 1944) | PSC, PM, PP | 43, 62, 64, 65, 66. |
Stegastes flavilatus (Gill, 1862) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 23, 29, 30, 33, 36, 38, 41, 43, 47, 54, 62, 65, 66. |
Stegastes leucorus (Gilbert, 1892) | PS, PSC, PM | 36, 38, 41, 43. |
Stegastes rectifraenum (Gill, 1862) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 21, 23, 24, 25, 27, 28, 29, 31, 32, 33, 36, 37, 38, 41, 43, 46, 47, 49, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 58, 59, 60, 62, 65, 66. |
FAMILIA LABRIDAE | ||
Bodianus diplotaenìa (Gill, 1862) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 2,9, 13, 14, 15, 24, 25, 27, 29, 30, 33, 36, 39, 40, 41, 43, 47, 54, 58, 65, 66. |
Decodon melasma Gomon, 1974 | PSC, PM, PP | 36, 41, 51, 54. |
Halichoeres chìerchiae Di Caporiacco, 1948 | PSC, PM, PP | 2, 24, 25, 36, 38, 40, 41, 43, 47, 62, 65, 66. |
Halichoeres dispilus (Günther, 1864) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 27, 29, 33, 36, 37, 38, 40, 41, 43, 47, 54, 58, 60, 65, 66. |
Halichoeres melanotis (Gilbert, 1890) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 7, 20, 43, 54, 57, 62, 63. |
Halichoeres nicholsi (Jordan y Gilbert, 1882) | PSC, PM, PP | 2,7, 9, 10, 13, 14, 15, 33, 36, 38, 41, 43, 47, 51, 53, 65. |
Halichoeres notospilus (Günther, 1864) | PSC, PM, PP | 36, 41, 43, 64, 65, 66. |
Halichoeres semicinctus (Ayres, 1859) | PS, PSC | 7, 9, 10, 13, 14, 15, 36, 38, 41, 43, 51. |
Iniistius pavo (Valenciennes, 1840) | AP | 22, 41, 65. |
Novaculichthys taeniorus (Lacepède, 1801) | AP | 1. |
Oxyjulis californica (Günther, 1861) | PS, PSC | 51. |
Semicossyphus pulcher (Ayres, 1854) | PS, PSC | 7, 8, 9, 11, 14, 15, 16, 18, 21, 45, 54. |
Stethojulis bandanensis (Bleeker, 1851) | AP | 43. |
Thalassoma grammaticum Gilbert, 1890 | PSC, PM, PP | 36, 38, 41, 43, 46, 47. |
Thalassoma lucasanum (Gill, 1862) | PSC, PM, PP | 20, 23, 24, 29, 31, 33, 36, 37, 38, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 46, 47, 54, 55, 59, 62, 64, 65, 66. |
FAMILIA SCARIDAE | ||
Calotomus carolinus (Valenciennes, 1840) | AA | 51. |
Nicholsina denticulata (Evermann y Radcliffe, 1917) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 15, 20, 24, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 36, 37, 38, 41, 43, 47, 53, 54, 65. |
Scarus compressus (Osburns y Nichols, 1916) | PSC, PM, PP | 28, 29, 32, 36, 38, 41, 43, 47. |
Scarus ghobban Forsskål, 1775 | AP | 24, 28, 29, 30, 36, 38, 41, 43, 44, 47. |
Scarus perrico Jordany Gilbert, 1882 | PSC, PM, PP | 29, 36, 38, 41, 43, 47, 55, 60, 65, 66. |
Scarus rubroviolaceus Bleeker, 1847 | AP | 29, 31, 36, 38, 41, 43, 46, 47, 62. |
SUBORDEN ZOARCOIDEI FAMILIA ZOARCIDAE | ||
Lycodes cortezianus (Gilbert, 1890) | PS, PSC | 23. |
FAMILIA STICHAEIDAE | ||
Lumpenopsis hypochroma (Hubbs y Schultz, 1932) | PS, PSC | 53. |
SUBORDEN BLENNIOIDEI FAMILIA TRIPTERYGIIDAE | ||
Axoclinus multicinctus Allen y Robertson, 1992 | PSC, PM | 40. |
Axoclinus nigricaudus Allen y Robertson, 1991 | E | 2, 24, 26, 27, 29, 31, 32, 33, 34, 36, 40, 41, 54. |
Crocodilichthys gracilis Allen y Robertson, 1991 | E | 2, 6, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 24, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 34, 36, 38, 40, 41, 43, 44, 46, 47, 49, 52, 54, 55, 58, 59, 60, 62. |
Enneanectes carminalis (Jordan y Gilbert, 1882) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 19, 20, 23, 24, 27, 29, 31, 33, 34, 36, 38, 40, 41, 42, 43, 47, 51, 53, 54, 59, 62, 66. |
Enneanectes reticulatus Allen y Robertson, 1991 | PS, PSC | 7, 13, 23, 24, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 34 36, 40, 41, 43, 47, 51, 62. |
Lepidonectes clarkhubbsi Bussing, 1991 | PSC, PM, PP | 47. |
FAMILIA DACTYLOSCOPIDAE | ||
Dactylagnus mundus Gill, 1863 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 28, 29, 31, 32, 36, 38, 41, 43. |
Dactylagnus parvus Dawson, 1976 | PSC, PM, PP | 31, 43. |
Dactyloscopus lunaticus Gilbert, 1890 | PSC, PM, PP | 7, 23, 29, 36, 38, 43. |
Dactyloscopus pectoralis Gill, 1861 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 29, 33, 36, 43, 66. |
Gillellus ornatus Gilbert, 1892 | E | 29, 36, 43. |
Gillellus semicinctus Gilbert, 1890 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 7, 25, 29, 33, 40, 43. |
Myxodagnus macrognathus Hildenbrand, 1946 | PSC, PM, PP | 66. |
Myxodagnus opercularis Gill, 1861 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 31, 43. |
FAMILIA BLENNIIDAE | ||
Entomacrodus chiostictus (Jordan y Gilbert, 1882) | PSC, PM, PP | 29, 33, 36, 41, 43, 47, 62. |
Hypsoblennius brevipinnis (Günther, 1861) | PSC, PM, PP | 7, 23, 29, 33, 34, 36, 38, 41, 43, 44, 46, 47. |
Hypsoblennius gentilis (Girard, 1854) | PS, PSC | 2, 7, 9, 10, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 22, 24, 29, 33, 36, 38, 42, 43, 49, 51, 52,53, 59, 60, 64. |
Hypsoblennius jenkinsi (Jordan y Evermann, 1896) | PS, PSC | 53. |
Ophioblennius steindachneri Jordan y Evermann, 1898 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 7, 20, 24, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 34, 36, 37, 38, 40, 41, 43, 44, 47, 54, 62, 64, 65, 66. |
Plagiotremus azaleus (Jordan y Bollman, 1890) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 25, 29, 33, 3, 37, 41, 43, 47, 62. |
FAMILIA LABRISOMIDAE | ||
Cryptotrema seftoni Hubbs, 1954 | E | 7. |
Exerpes asper (Jenkins y Evermann, 1889) | PS, PSC | 7, 12, 13, 24, 29, 51, 54. |
Labrisomus multiporosus Hubbs, 1953 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 13, 24, 31, 41, 49, 51, 58, 66. |
Labrisomus striatus Hubbs, 1953 | PSC, PM | 29, 33, 36, 40, 41, 43, 54, 62. |
Labrisomus xanti Gill, 1860 | PS, PSC, PM | 7, 17, 24, 25, 27, 28, 29, 31, 33, 36, 40, 41, 43, 44, 48, 49, 54, 58, 59, 62, 65. |
Malacoctenus gigas Springer, 1959 | E | 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 14, 15, 17, 19, 20, 23, 24, 29, 31, 36, 41, 43, 49, 51, 52, 54. |
Malacoctenus hubbsi Springer, 1959 | PS, PSC, PM | 2, 6, 7, 9, 10, 13, 14, 15, 17, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 27, 28, 28, 29, 30, 31, 33, 36, 38, 40, 41, 42, 43, 49, 51, 52, 53, 54, 58, 59, 60, 62, 64, 65, 66. |
Malacoctenus margaritae (Fowler, 1944) | PSC, PM, PP | 24, 25, 29, 36, 41, 43, 58, 65. |
Malacoctenus tetranemus (Cope, 1877) | PSC, PM, PP | 17, 24, 25, 29, 31, 33, 36, 40, 43, 51, 52, 54, 58, 59, 65, 66. |
Malacoctenus zacae Springer, 1959 | PSC, PM, PP | 43. |
Malacoctenus zonifer (Jordan y Gilbert, 1882) | PSC, PM, PP | 28, 65. |
Paraclinus altivelis (Lockington, 1881) | E | 5, 6, 7, 17, 22, 24, 25, 27, 28, 29, 31, 40, 41, 43, 51, 54. |
Paraclinus mexicanus (Gilbert, 1904) | PSC, PM, PP | 27, 29, 43, 66. |
Paraclinus monophthalmus (Günther, 1861) | PSC, PM, PP | 65. |
Paraclinus sini Hubbs, 1952 | PS, PSC | 7, 18, 24, 25, 27, 28, 29, 33, 36, 38, 40, 41, 43, 52, 54, 58, 59. |
Starksia cremnobates (Gilbert, 1890) | E | 28, 36, 43, 51. |
Starksia grammilaga Rosenblatt y Taylor, 1971 | PSC, PM | 43. |
Starksia spinipenis (Al-Uthman, 1960) | PSC, PM | 2, 7, 22, 23, 27, 29, 33, 36, 38, 40, 41, 43, 46, 54, 62. |
Xenomedea rhodopyga Rosenblatt yTaylor, 1971 | E | 2, 6, 7, 12, 13, 14, 16, 20, 24, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 36, 40, 41, 52, 53, 58, 59, 65. |
FAMILIA CHAENOPSIDAE | ||
Acanthemblemaria balanorum Brock, 1940 | PSC, PM | 47, 62. |
Acanthemblemaria crockeri Beebe y Tee-Van, 1938 | E | 6, 7, 9, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 31, 33, 34, 36, 38, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 46, 47, 51, 52, 53, 54, 56, 58, 59, 60, 62. |
Acanthemblemaria macrospilus Brock, 1940 | PSC, PM | 27, 28, 29, 31, 33, 34, 36, 38, 40, 41, 43, 47, 54, 55, 62, 64, 65, 66. |
Chaenopsis alepidota alepidota (Gilbert, 1890) | E | 7, 9, 12, 13, 19, 24, 25, 29, 33, 36, 41, 43, 49, 54, 60. |
Chaenopsis coheni Böhlke, 1957 | E | 7, 29, 33, 41. |
Cirriemblemaria lucasana (Stephens, 1963) | E | 7, 29, 33, 36, 41, 43, 54. |
Coralliozetus angelicus (Böhlke y Mead, 1957) | PSC, PM | 20, 23, 24, 27, 28, 29, 31, 33, 34, 36, 38, 40, 41, 43, 44, 47, 49, 54, 59, 62, 66. |
Coralliozetus boehlkei Stephens, 1963 | PSC, PM, PP | 7, 38, 64, 65, 66. |
Coralliozetus corallinum (Gilbert, 1890) | PS, PSC | 28. |
Coralliozetus micropes (Beebe y Tee-Van, 1938) | PS, PSC | 6, 7, 13, 17, 22, 23, 26, 27, 28, 29, 31, 33, 34, 36, 38, 40, 41, 49, 51, 54, 59. |
Coralliozetus rosenblatti Stephens, 1963 | PS, PSC | 7, 25, 29, 36, 41, 43, 59. |
Ekemblemaria myersi Stephens, 1963 | PSC, PM, PP | 20, 29, 62, 65, 66. |
Emblemaria hypacanthus (Jenkins y Evermann, 1889) | E | 9, 12, 13 18, 19, 25, 29, 30, 36, 40, 41, 52, 54. |
Emblemaria piratica Ginsburg, 1942 | PSC, PM, PP | 38. |
Emblemaria walkeri Stephens, 1963 | E | 7, 32, 36, 54. |
Protemblemaria bicirris (Hildebrand, 1946) | AP | 2, 24, 27, 28, 33, 34, 36, 38, 40, 41, 47, 52, 62, 66. |
Stathmonotus lugubris Böhlke, 1953 | PSC, PM | 66. |
Stathmonotus sinuscalifornici (Chabanaud, 1942) | PSC, PM | 6, 17, 22, 24, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 36, 40, 41, 51, 54, 55, 59, 60, 65. |
SUBORDEN GOBIESOCOIDEI FAMILIA GOBIESOCIDAE | ||
Arcos erythrops (Jordan y Gilbert, 1882) | PSC, PM | 27, 33, 41, 43, 62, 66. |
Gobiesox adustus Jordan y Gilbert, 1882 | PSC, PM, PP | 32, 33, 41, 43, 60, 62, 65, 66. |
Gobiesox papillifer Gilbert, 1890 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 43, 51. |
Gobiesox pinniger Gilbert, 1890 | E | 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 13, 17, 21, 22, 24, 25, 38, 41, 43, 49, 51, 53, 59. |
Gobiesox schultzi Briggs, 1951 | E | 6, 20, 21, 24, 32, 43, 51, 52. |
Pherallodiscus funebris (Gilbert, 1890) | E | 3, 6, 7, 11, 13, 17, 31, 51, 53, 59. |
Tomicodon boehlkei Briggs, 1955 | E | 6, 7, 9, 17, 20, 22, 23, 26, 27, 28, 31, 32, 33, 36, 40, 41, 43, 44, 49, 51, 54, 59, 60, 62, 65. |
Tomicodon eos (Jordan y Gilbert, 1882) | PS, PSC | 7, 29, 33. |
Tomicodon humeralis (Gilbert, 1890) | E | 6, 7, 11, 13, 17, 18, 19, 24, 28, 36, 38, 41, 51, 53. |
Tomicodon myersi Briggs, 1955 | PSC, PM, PP | 17, 20, 22, 27, 29, 33, 38, 40, 41, 62, 66. |
Tomicodon zebra (Jordan y Gilbert, 1882) | PSC, PM | 29, 33, 43, 49. |
SUBORDEN GOBIOIDEI FAMILIA ELEOTRIDAE | ||
Dormitator latifrons (Richardson, 1844) | PSC, PM, PP | 29. |
FAMILIA GOBIIDAE | ||
Aruma histrio (Jordan, 1884) | E | 5, 6, 7, 27, 29, 32, 36, 40, 42, 43, 51, 52, 55, 59, 62. |
Barbulifer pantherinus (Pellegrin, 1901) | E | 6, 7, 16, 17, 23, 24, 25, 27, 29, 33, 36, 40, 41, 51, 54, 55, 56, 58, 59. |
Bathygobius ramosus Ginsburg, 1947 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 8,18,24,29,31,33,36,40,41,6 5,66. |
Bollmannia macropoma Gilbert, 1892 | E | 41. |
Bollmannia ocellata Gilbert, 1892 | E | 41, 46. |
Chriolepis cuneata Bussing, 1990 | PSC, PM, PP | 33, 41. |
Chriolepis minutillus Gilbert, 1892 | E | 7, 22, 33, 41. |
Chriolepis zebra Ginsburg, 1938 | E | 7, 13, 15, 16, 24, 25, 29, 30, 33, 36, 40, 41, 43, 46, 54, 62. |
Clevelandia ios (Jordan y Gilbert, 1882) | PS, PSC | 51. |
Coryphopterus urospilus Ginsburg, 1938 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 2, 7, 9, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 24, 25, 27, 29, 33, 36, 38, 41, 43, 47, 49, 54, 58, 59, 62, 65, 66. |
Ctenogobius sagittula (Günther, 1862) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 3, 29. |
Elacatinus digueti (Pellegrin, 1901) | PSC, PM, PP | 7, 25, 27, 33, 36, 40, 41, 43, 47, 54, 59. |
Elacatinus limbaughi Hoese y Reader, 2001 | PSC, PM | 25, 27, 29, 33, 36, 40, 41, 43, 58, 62. |
Elacatinus puncticulatus (Ginsburg, 1938) | PSC, PM, PP | 7, 9, 10, 13, 14, 15, 16, 24, 25, 27, 29, 33, 34, 36, 38, 40, 41, 43, 46, 47, 62. |
Evermannia longipinnis (Steindachner, 1879) | E | 7, 20. |
Gillichthys mirabilis Cooper, 1864 | PS, PSC | 3. |
Gillichthys seta (Ginsburg, 1938) | E | 7, 48, 51. |
Gobiosoma chiquita (Jenkins y Evermann, 1889) | E | 5, 7, 13, 24, 26, 28, 29, 31, 36, 40, 41, 44, 51, 52, 59. |
Gobiosoma nudum (Meek y Hildebrand, 1928) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 65, 66. |
Gobiosoma paradoxum (Günther, 1861) | PSC, PM, PP | 41. |
Gobulus crescentalis (Gilbert 1982) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 7, 24, 29, 33, 40, 41. |
Gobulus hancocki Ginsburg, 1938 | PSC, PM, PP | 29, 41, 55, 59. |
Gymneleotris seminuda (Günther, 1864) | PSC, PM, PP | 25, 29, 33, 36, 38, 40, 41, 43, 54, 64, 65, 66. |
Ilypnus gilberti (Eigenmann y Eigenmann, 1889) | PS, PSC | 41, 51. |
Ilypnus luculentus (Ginsburg, 1938) | E | 7, 16, 22, 51, 60. |
Lythrypnus dalli (Gilbert, 1890) | PS, PSC, PM | 2, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 23, 24, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 36, 37, 38, 40, 41, 43, 47, 51, 52, 54, 58, 62. |
Lythrypnus pulchellus Ginsburg, 1938 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 7, 13, 16, 24, 25, 29, 33, 36, 40, 41, 51. |
Microgobius emblematicus (Jordan y Gilbert, 1882) | PSC, PM, PP | 36. |
Parrella maxillaris Ginsburg, 1938 | PSC, PM, PP | 9, 13, 15. |
Pycnomma semisquamatum Rutter, 1904 | E | 7, 12, 13, 16, 22, 29, 33, 36, 41, 54. |
Quietula guaymasiae (Jenkins y Evermann, 1889) | E | 3, 7, 41. |
Quietula y-cauda (Jenkins y Evermann, 1889) | PS, PSC | 3, 36, 40. |
SUBORDEN ACANTHUROIDEI FAMILIA EPHIPPIDAE | ||
Chaetodipterus zonatus (Girard, 1858) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 2, 26, 45, 49, 51, 54, 65. |
FAMILIA ZANCLIDAE | ||
Zanclus cornutus (Linnaeus, 1758) | AP | 32, 41, 43, 62, 65. |
FAMILIA ACANTHURIDAE | ||
Acanthurus achilles Shaw, 1803 | PSC, PM | 41, 47. |
Acanthurus nigricans (Linnaeus, 1758) | PSC, PM, PP | 36, 41, 43. |
Acanthurus triostegus (Linnaeus, 1758) | AP | 41, 43, 65, 66. |
Acanthurus xanthopterus Valenciennes, 1835 | AP | 36, 41, 43, 47, 65. |
Prionurus laticlavius (Valenciennes, 1846) | PSC, PM, PP | 41. |
Prionurus punctatus Gill, 1862 | PSC, PM, PP | 29, 32, 41, 43, 47, 65, 66. |
SUBORDEN SCOMBROIDEI FAMILIA SPHYRAENIDAE | ||
Sphyraena argentea Girard, 1854 | PS, PSC | 7, 41, 51, 65. |
Sphyraena ensis Jordan y Gilbert, 1882 | PSC, PM, PP | 7, 8, 49, 51, 65. |
Sphyraena lucasana Gill, 1863 | PS, PSC, PM | 10, 15, 25, 29, 36, 45. |
FAMILIA TRICHIURIDAE | ||
Trichiurus nitens Garman, 1899 | PSC, PM, PP | 2, 18, 30, 49, 50. |
FAMILIA SCOMBRIDAE | ||
Auxis thazard thazard (Lacepède, 1800) | CT | 7, 36, 41. |
Auxis thazard thazard (Lacepède, 1800) | CT | 17, 36, 43. |
Euthynnus lineatus Kishinouye, 1920 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 30, 36, 41, 43. |
Katsuwonus pelamis (Linnaeus, 1758) | CT | 29, 32, 36, 38, 41, 43, 47. |
Sarda chiliensis chiliensis (Cuvier, 1832) | AP | 29, 33, 41, 43. |
Scomber australasicus Cuvier, 1832 | AP | 31, 41. |
Scomber japonicus Houttuyn, 1782 | CT | 7, 16, 18, 23, 24, 26, 28, 29, 33, 36, 40, 41, 43, 49, 51, 65. |
Scomberomorus concolor (Lockington, 1879) | PS, PSC | 2, 51. |
Scomberomorus sierra Jordan y Starks, 1895 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 2, 29, 30, 36, 41, 43, 51, 53, 65. |
Thunnus albacares (Bonnaterre, 1788) | CT | 29, 41, 43. |
Thunnus orientalis (Temminck y Schlegel, 1844) | CT | 32, 37, 41, 43. |
Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758) | CT | 43. |
SUBORDEN STROMATEOIDEI FAMILIA NOMEIDAE | ||
Cubiceps pauciradiatus Günther, 1872 | CT | 43. |
Nomeus gronovii (Gmelin, 1789) | CT | 22, 59. |
Psenes sio Haedrich, 1970 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 43. |
FAMILIA STROMATEOIDEI | ||
Peprilus medius (Peters, 1869) | PSC, PM, PP | 36, 43. |
Peprilus ovatus Horn, 1970 | E | 49. |
Peprilus simillimus (Ayres, 1860) | PS, PSC | 2, 51. |
Peprilus snyderi Gilbert y Starks, 1904 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 65. |
ORDEN PLEURONECTIFORMES SUBORDEN PLEURONECTOIDEI FAMILIA PARALICHTHYIDAE | ||
Ancylopsetta dendritica Gilbert, 1890 | PSC, PM, PP | 4, 49. |
Citharichthys fragilis Gilbert, 1890 | PS, PSC | 7, 53. |
Citharichthys gilberti Jenkins y Evermann, 1889 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 41. |
Citharichthys platophrys Gilbert, 1891 | PSC, PM, PP | 41. |
Etropus ciadi Van Der Heiden y Plascencia-González, 2005 | E | 2. |
Etropus crossotus Jordan y Gilbert, 1882 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 1, 2, 25, 29, 41, 48, 49, 51, 65, 67. |
Etropus peruvianus Hildebrand, 1946 | PSC, PM, PP | 2. |
Hippoglossina bollmani Gilbert, 1890 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 7, 41. |
Hippoglossina stomata Eigenmann y Eigenmann, 1890 | PS, PSC, PM | 43. |
Hippoglossina tetrophthalma (Gilbert, 1890) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 4, 41. |
Paralichthys aestuarius Gilbert y Scofield, 1898 | PS, PSC | 1, 17, 27. |
Paralichthys californicus (Ayres, 1859) | PS, PSC | 2, 4, 31. |
Paralichthys woolmani Jordan y Williams, 1897 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 1, 43. |
Syacium latifrons (Jordan y Gilbert, 1882) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 41. |
Syacium ovale (Günther, 1864) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 29, 36, 41, 43, 49, 52, 65. |
Xystreurys liolepis Jordan y Gilbert, 1880 | PS, PSC | 2, 51. |
FAMILIA PLEURONECTIDAE | ||
Hypsopsetta guttulata (Girard, 1856) | PS, PSC | 51. |
Pleuronichthys ocellatus Starks y Thompson, 1910 | PS, PSC | 2, 4, 7, 53. |
Pleuronichthys ritteri Starks y Morris, 1907 | PS, PSC | 23, 51. |
Pleuronichthys verticalis Jordan y Gilbert, 1880 | PS, PSC | 20, 53. |
FAMILIA BOTHIDAE | ||
Bothus constellatus (Jordan, 1889) | PSC, PM, PP | 41. |
Bothus leopardinus (Günther, 1862) | PSC, PM, PP | 23, 29, 36, 38. |
Perissias taeniopterus (Gilbert, 1890) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 36, 51. |
FAMILIA ACHIRIDAE | ||
Achirus mazatlanus (Steindachner, 1869) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 2, 4, 48, 49, 51, 53. |
Trinectes fonsecensis (Günther, 1862) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 61. |
FAMILIA CYNOGLOSSIDAE | ||
Symphurus atramentatus Jordan y Bollman, 1890 | PSC, PM, PP | 7, 17, 33, 36, 38, 41, 51. |
Symphurus atricaudus (Jordan y Gilbert, 1880) | PS, PSC | 36. |
Symphurus fasciolaris Gilbert, 1892 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 29, 51. |
Symphurus gorgonae Chabanaud, 1948 | PSC, PM, PP | 41. |
Symphurus melanurus Clark, 1936 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 51. |
Symphurus oligomerus Mahadeva y Munroe, 1990 | PSC, PM, PP | 7. |
Symphurus williamsi Jordan y Culver, 1895 | PSC, PM, PP | 43. |
ORDEN TETRAODONTIFORMES SUBORDEN BALISTOIDEI FAMILIA BALISTIDAE | ||
Balistes polylepis Steindachner, 1876 | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 4, 7, 9, 10, 11, 14, 15, 18, 21, 27, 29, 32, 36, 38, 41, 43, 46, 47, 49, 50, 51, 53, 65, 67. |
Canthidermis maculata (Bloch, 1786) | CT | 43. |
Pseudobalistes naufragium (Jordan y Starks, 1895) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 15, 36, 38, 41, 43. |
Sufflamen verres (Gilbert y Starks, 1904) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 22, 29, 32, 33, 36, 38, 41, 43, 47, 65, 66. |
FAMILIA MONACANTHIDAE | ||
Aluterus monoceros (Linnaeus, 1758) | CT | 65. |
Aluterus scriptus (Osbeck, 1765) | CT | 43, 65. |
Cantherhines dumerilii (Hollard, 1854) | AP | 43. |
FAMILIA OSTRACIIDAE | ||
Ostracion meleagris Shaw, 1796 | AP | 41, 43. |
SUBORDEN TETRAODONTOIDEI FAMILIA TETRAODONTIDAE | ||
Arothron hispidus (Linnaeus, 1758) | AP | 32, 36. |
Arothron meleagris (Lacepéde, 1798) | CT | 35, 36, 41, 42, 43, 47. |
Canthigaster punctatissima (Günther, 1870) | PSC, PM, PP | 20, 25, 29, 31, 33, 36, 38, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 46, 47, 54, 58, 62, 65. |
Guentheridia formosa (Günther, 1870) | PSC, PM, PP | 51. |
Sphoeroides annulatus (Jenyns, 1842) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 9, 10, 13, 14, 15, 19, 25, 29, 31, 32, 36, 40, 41, 49, 49, 51, 61, 65. |
Sphoeroides lispus Walker, 1996 | PS, PSC | 29, 32, 43, 49, 51. |
Sphoeroides lobatus (Steindachner, 1870) | PS, PSC, PM, PP | 29, 36, 41, 43. |
Sphoeroides sechurae Hildebrand, 1946 | PSC, PM, PP | 41, 49. |
FAMILIA DIODONTIDAE | ||
Chilomycterus reticulatus (Linnaeus, 1758) | CT | 41. |
Diodon holocanthus Linnaeus, 1758 | CT | 24, 27, 29, 31, 33, 36, 38, 40, 41,43,46,47, 51, 58, 59, 65. |
Diodon hystrix Linnaeus, 1758 | CT | 29, 36, 41, 43, 44, 47, 65. |
PS= provincia Sandieguina, PSC= provincia Sinuscaliforniana, PM= provincia Mexicana, PP= provincia Panámica, AA= especies anfiamericanas, AP= anfipacificas, CT= circumtropical y E= endémicas; la simbología correspondiente a las islas se expresa en el Cuadro 1.
Se presenta información referente a 67 islas, 22 de las cuales se ubican frente al estado de Baja California, 25 frente a Baja California Sur, 13 frente a Sonora y 7 a Sinaloa (Cuadro 1). Las islas con mayor riqueza específica son Espíritu Santo (307 especies), Cerralvo (287), San José (243), del Carmen (223), Tiburón (189), conjunto insular de Mazatlán (152), Ángel de la Guarda (144) y Santa Cruz (129) (Fig. 1). Las de menor número de especies fueron San Diego (2), San Nicolás (2) y el islote Faro de San Rafaelito (3).
El elenco íctico asociado a las islas del golfo de California se compone por 3 clases, 37 órdenes, 121 familias, 338 géneros y 615 especies. Las familias con mayor riqueza de especies fueron: Serranidae con 34 (5.5%), Gobiidae 32 (5.2%), Carangidae 27 (4.4%) y Haemulidae, Labrisomidae y Sciaenidae, cada una con 21 (3.4%); el resto de las familias se presentaron por debajo del 3%.
Con base en el esquema de regiones y provincias zoogeográficas marinas, la provincia mejor representada en número de especies fue la Sinuscaliforniana (Cortés) con un 71.2% (438 especies), seguida en orden de importancia por las provincias Mexicana 60% (368), Panámica 54.8% (336) y Sandieguina 43.3% (266). Por otro lado, se determinó que cerca del 10.2 % de las especies son endémicas del golfo de California, 10.1% tienen una distribución circumtropical, 7.0% son anfipacíficas y el 1.6% son anfiamericanas. Las especies endémicas están incluidas en 50 géneros, 28 familias, 12 órdenes y 3 clases; las familias mejor representadas dentro de este componente son Gobiidae (12 especies, 10 géneros), Chaenopsidae (6 especies y 4 géneros) y Labrisomidae (6 especies y 6 géneros) y Gobiesocidae (5 especies y 3 géneros); es importante mencionar que algunas de las especies endémicas del golfo de California, como Cryptotrema seftoni Hubbs, 1954 (de Isla Ángel de la Guarda) y Apterichthus gymnocelus (Böhlke, 1953) (de las islas Tiburón y Ángel de la Guarda), sólo se conocen de las localidades típicas (McCosker, 1977; Springer y Orrel, 1996).
El conjunto de afinidad circumtropical se encuentra representado por 43 géneros, 25 familias, 11 órdenes y 2 clases, siendo las familias más representativas Carcharhinidae (9 especies y 3 géneros) y Carangidae (9 especies y 7 géneros), seguidas por Scombridae (7 especies y 4 géneros), Belonidae (4 especies y 3 géneros) y Echeneidae (4 especies y 2 géneros). Las especies con distribución anfipacífica se incluyen en 38 géneros, 27 familias, 13 órdenes y 2 clases; la familia Myctophidae contiene el mayor número de especies (5 especies y 4 géneros), seguida por Muraenidae (4 especies y 3 géneros), Scaridae (3 especies y 2 géneros) y Labridae (3 especies y 3 géneros). Finalmente, las especies con distribución anfiamericana quedaron agrupadas en 10 géneros, 9 familias, 7 órdenes y 2 clases; la familia Carcharhinidae es la mejor representada con 2 especies.
DiscusiónEl número de especies conocidas del golfo de California se ha incrementado a través del tiempo, de 526 (Walker, 1960) a 750 (Thomson y Gilligan, 1983) y 875 (Hastings, 2000; Thomson et al., 2000). En años recientes, Brusca y Findley (2005) listaron 891 especies, a la vez que Hastings et al. (2010) incrementaron dicho número a 911, de las cuales 821 corresponden a Actinopterygii, 87 a Chondrichthyes y sólo 3 a Myxini.
La ictiofauna insular que aquí se reporta equivale al 67.5% del total de especies registradas para el golfo de California (Fig. 2). Sin embargo, es posible que el número de especies insulares se pueda aún incrementar, dado que en la actualidad se siguen describiendo nuevas especies en el área; ejemplo de ello es el reciente descubrimiento de una nueva especie de quenópsido, Acanthemblemaria hastingi Lin y Galland, 2010 y un albúlido, Albula gilbertiPfeiler y van der Heiden, 2011, y nuevos registros como Sphyraena idiastes Heller y Snodgrass, 1903 en isla San Esteban (González-Acosta et al., 2012).
El elenco aquí reportado conforma el 22.8% y 50.3%, respectivamente de la ictiofauna de México, cuyo número alcanza las 2 692 especies (Espinosa-Pérez et al., 2008) y del Pacífico oriental tropical, con 1 222 especies (Robertson et al., 2004; Zapata y Robertson, 2007) (Fig. 2). Por otra parte, también fue notable el hecho de que la diversidad íctica registrada para las islas del golfo de California resultó ser comparativamente mayor que la de otros ambientes insulares del Pacífico oriental tropical (Fig. 3), tales como las islas Galápagos, con 419 especies (McCosker y Rosenblatt, 1984; McCosker, 1987; McCosker y Humann, 1996; Robertson y Cramer, 2009); Isabel (118 spp.; Galván-Villa et al., 2010); Revillagigedo (259 spp.; Ricker, 1959; Bautista-Romero et al., 1994; Castro-Aguirre y Balart, 2002), Marías (59 spp.; Lozano-Vilano, 1987), Clipperton (156 spp.; Allen y Robertson, 1997) e islas Cocos y Malpelo (301 y 298 spp. respectivamente; Bussing y López, 2004).
Las relaciones zoogeográficas que muestra la ictiofauna insular del golfo de California coinciden con lo registrado por Castro-Aguirre et al. (1995) y Castro-Aguirre y Balart (1996), al considerar el origen de este conjunto faunístico; todo ello permite distinguir al golfo de California como una provincia marina en sí misma (Sinuscaliforniana) debido a su alto número de especies endémicas (Walker, 1960; Briggs, 1974). Asimismo, resalta la presencia de un gran porcentaje de elementos con distribución anfipeninsular (38.7%), como lo establecieron por Castro-Aguirre et al. (2005), quienes ofrecieron una lista de 137 especies. Estudios más a fondo que traten sobre los patrones biogeográficos de la ictiofauna del golfo de California y sus islas, podrían ayudar a esclarecer las discrepancias que existen entre los diversos esquemas de regiones y provincias biogeográficas establecidas por diversos autores a lo largo del Pacífico oriental tropical (cf. Ekman, 1953; Briggs, 1974; Castro-Aguirre, 1983; Hastings, 2009; Robertson y Cramer, 2009; Wilkinson et al., 2009).
Los autores dedican este estudio a la memoria del Dr. José Luis Castro Aguirre (Q.E.P.D.), fallecido el 21 de enero de 2011, gran mentor y amigo. Agradecemos a los responsables de las colecciones y museos de los cuales se obtuvo información. Se agradecen los apoyos de la CONABIO (Proyectos: BK030 y HJ008; permiso SAGARPA4029), así como los proporcionados por la Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado (SIP-IPN: 20050507, 20060130, 20091192, 20100652). AFGA agradece los apoyos de los programas COFAA y EDI, IPN. LFDF agradece el apoyo de CONACyT (beca de posgrado), al Programa PIFI-IPN y al Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas de la UNAM.