covid
Buscar en
Revista Portuguesa de Saúde Pública
Toda la web
Inicio Revista Portuguesa de Saúde Pública Epidemiologia de Trichomonas vaginalis em mulheres
Información de la revista
Vol. 29. Núm. 1.
Páginas 27-34 (enero - junio 2011)
Compartir
Compartir
Descargar PDF
Más opciones de artículo
Vol. 29. Núm. 1.
Páginas 27-34 (enero - junio 2011)
Open Access
Epidemiologia de Trichomonas vaginalis em mulheres
Epidemiology of Trichomonas vaginalis in women
Visitas
15517
Maria José Alvesa,b,
Autor para correspondencia
mjose@serviconta.com.pt

Autor para correspondência.
, Rita Oliveirac, Jorge Balteirod, e Agostinho Cruzc
a Laboratório de Patologia Clínica, Centro Hospitalar de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro – E.P.E – Unidade de Chaves, Chaves, Portugal
b Escola Superior de Saúde de Bragança, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
c Escola Superior de Tecnologia de Saúde do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal
d Escola Superior de Tecnologia de Saúde de Coimbra, Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
Este artículo ha recibido

Under a Creative Commons license
Información del artículo
Resumen
Bibliografía
Descargar PDF
Estadísticas
Resumo
Introdução

A tricomoniose é uma das Doenças Sexualmente Transmissíveis (DSTs) não viral mais comum em todo mundo, com uma incidência anual superior a 180 milhões de casos. A Organização Mundial de Saúde estimou que esta infecção explica quase 50% de todas as DSTs com cura em todo o mundo.

Em Portugal poucos têm sido os trabalhos de carácter epidemiológico realizados sobre parasitose.

Assim, o objectivo deste estudo consistiu em determinar a prevalência da T. vaginalis em mulheres que frequentam a consulta de planeamento familiar nos CSN.°1 CSN.°2 e Hospital em Chaves, e estabelecer uma possível associação desta parasitose com as características sociodemográficas, a sintomatologia, o comportamento sexual e o tratamento anterior deste tipo de parasitoses, através da resposta a um inquérito.

Material e métodos

Foi recolhida uma amostra de exsudado vaginal em 288 mulheres sintomáticas / assintomáticas para pesquisa de T. vaginalis recorrendo ao exame directo e cultural.

Resultados

Das 288 mulheres que aderiram ao estudo 11 (3,8%) encontravam–se com tricomoniose. Variáveis como a idade, estado civil, grau de escolaridade, uso de contracepção, não apresentaram resultados estatisticamente significativos relativamente ao número de casos positivos. De entre os casos positivos apenas 54, 5% das mulheres eram sintomáticas sendo as restantes 45,5% assintomáticas. Uma associação estatisticamente significativa foi encontrada entre tricomoniose e múltiplos parceiros sexuais.

Conclusão

Em suma, há necessidade de se seguirem outros estudos com o intuito de reavaliar o quadro actual desta parasitose em Portugal. Finalmente parece fundamental informar a população acerca dos elevados casos assintomáticos desta parasitose, bem com das consequências que desta podem advir.

Palavras-chave:
Tricomonas vaginalis
Epidemiologia
Prevalência
Parasitose
Abstract
Introduction

Tricomoniose is one of the most common not viral Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) in the whole world, with an annual incidence superior to 180 million cases.

The World Health Organization estimated that this infection explains almost 50% of all the curable STDs in the whole world.

In Portugal few epidemiologic studies have been carried out on parasitosis. Thus, the objective of this study consisted on determining the prevalence of the T. vagianlis in women who attended the consultation of family planning in the CS N.°1 CS N.°2 and the Hospital in Chaves, and on establishing a possible association of this parasatism with sociodemographic characteristics, symptomatology, sexual behaviour and previous treatment of parasitosis, through the reply to an inquiry.

Materials and methods

A sample of vaginal smears was collected in 288 symptomatic and asymptomatic women for research of T. vaginalis appealing to the direct and cultural examination.

Results

Of the 288 women who adhered to the study, 11 (3,8%) were found to have tricomoniose. Variables such as age, marital status, degree of education, use of contraceptive, do not present significant statistical results relatively to the number of positive cases. Among positive cases only 54, 5% of the women were symptomatic being the remaining 45,5% asymptomatic. A statistical significant association was found between tricomoniose and multiple sexual partners.

Conclusion

In result, there is a need for further studies with the intention to reevaluate the current picture of this parasitosis in Portugal. Finally it seems to be of the utmost importance to inform the population about the high number of asymptomatic cases of parasitosis, as well as about the consequences that may arise from that fact.

Keywords:
Tricomonas vaginalis
Epidemiology
Prevalence
Parasatism
El Texto completo está disponible en PDF
Bibliografia
[1.]
H. Weinstock, S. Berman, W. Cates.
Sexually transmitted diseases among American youth: incidence and prevalence estimates.
Perspect Sex Reprod Health, 36 (2004), pp. 6-10
[2.]
W. Cates Jr..
American Social Health Association Panel. Estimates of the incidence and prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases in the United States.
Sex Transm Dis, 26 (1999), pp. S2-S7
[3.]
A.G. Barrio, J.N. Ruiz, D.M. Pereira, E.R. Gallego, E.R. Fernandez, J.A. Escario.
Biological variability in clinical isolates of Trichomonas vaginalis.
Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, 97 (2002), pp. 893-896
[4.]
A. Stary, A. Kuchinka-Koch, L. Teodorowicz.
Detection of Trichomonas vaginalis on modified Columbia agar in the routine laboratory.
J Clin Microbiol, 40 (2002), pp. 3277-3280
[5.]
N. Andrea, J. Ansell.
Management of thrombosis in the cancer patient.
J Support Oncol, 1 (2003), pp. 235-244
[6.]
W.C. Miller, H. Swygard, M.M. Hobbs, C.A. Ford, M.S. Handcock, M. Morris, et al.
The prevalence of trichomoniasis in young adults in the United States.
Sex Transm Dis, 32 (2005), pp. 593-598
[7.]
M. Lo, M. Reid, M. Brokenshire.
Epidemiological features of women with trichomoniasis in Auckland sexual health clinics: 1998–99.
N Z Med J, 115 (2002), pp. U119
[8.]
T. Zhang, W.F. Yang, Z.Z. Ni, F. Li, C.T. Sun, H. Jin, et al.
Analysis on the relative factors of trichomonal vaginitis in married childbearing age women in rural impoverished area.
Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban, 36 (2005), pp. 101-104
[9.]
S.C. Garrow, D.W. Smith, G.B. Harnett.
The diagnosis of chlamydia, gonorrhoea, and trichomonas infections by self obtained low vaginal swabs, in remote northern Australian clinical practice.
Sex Transm Infect, 78 (2002), pp. 278-281
[10.]
J.G. Lossick.
Epidemiology of urogenital trichomoniasis.
Trichomonads parasitic in humans, pp. p311-p322
[11.]
X.S. Chen, Y.P. Yin, G.J. Liang, X.D. Gong, H.S. Li, G. Poumerol, et al.
Sexually transmitted infections among female sex workers in Yunnan, China.
AIDS Patient Care STDS, 19 (2005), pp. 853-860
[12.]
D.M. Lee, A. Binger, J. Hocking, C.K. Fairley.
The incidence of sexually transmitted infections among frequently screened sex workers in a decriminalised and regulated system in Melbourne.
Sex Transm Infect, 81 (2005), pp. 434-436
[13.]
K. Nessa, S.A. Waris, A. Alam, M. Huq, S. Nahar, F.A. Chawdhury, et al.
Sexually transmitted infections among brothel-based sex workers in Bangladesh: high prevalence of asymptomatic infection.
Sex Transm Dis, 32 (2005), pp. 13-19
[14.]
S.S. Plitt, R.S. Garfein, C.A. Gaydos, S.A. Strathdee, S.G. Sherman, T.E. Taha.
Prevalence and correlates of chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis infections, and bacterial vaginosis among a cohort of young injection drug users in Baltimore, Maryland.
Sex Transm Dis, 32 (2005), pp. 446-453
[15.]
A. Garcia, F. Exposto, E. Prieto, M. Lopes, A. Duarte, R. Correia da Silva.
Association of Trichomonas vaginalis with sociodemographic factors and other STDs among female inmates in Lisbon.
Int J STD AIDS, 15 (2004), pp. 615-618
[16.]
R. Crosby, R.J. DiClemente, G.M. Wingood, K. Harrington, S.L. Davies, E.W. Hook 3rd, et al.
Predictors of infection with Trichomonas vaginalis: a prospective study of low income African-American adolescent females.
Sex Transm Infect, 78 (2002), pp. 360-364
[17.]
M. Magnus, R. Clark, L. Myers, T. Farley, P.J. Kissinger.
Trichomonas vaginalis among HIV-Infected women: are immune status or protease inhibitor use associated with subsequent T. vaginalis positivity?.
Sex Transm Dis, 30 (2003), pp. 839-843
[18.]
P.J. Kissinger, J. Dumestre, R.A. Clark, L. Wenthold, H. Mohammed, M.E. Hagensee, et al.
Vaginal swabs versus lavage for detection of Trichomonas vaginalis and bacterial vaginosis among HIV-positive women.
Sex Transm Dis, 32 (2005), pp. 227-230
[19.]
D. Petrin, K. Delgaty, R. Bhatt, G. Garber.
Clinical and microbiological aspects of Trichomonas vaginalis.
Clin Microbiol Rev, 11 (1998), pp. 300-317
[20.]
F. Sorvillo, L. Smith, P. Kerndt, L. Ash.
Trichomonas vaginalis. HIV, and African-Americans.
Emerg Infect Dis, 7 (2001), pp. 927-932
[21.]
M.F. Cotch, J.G. Pastorek 2nd, R.P. Nugent, S.L. Hillier, R.S. Gibbs, The Vaginal Infections and Prematurity Study Group, et al.
Trichomonas Vaginalis associated with low birth weight and preterm delivery.
Sex Transm Dis, 24 (1997), pp. 353-360
[22.]
P. Heine, J.A. McGregor.
Trichomonas vaginalis: a reemerging pathogen.
Clin Obstet Gynecol, 36 (1993), pp. 137-144
[23.]
Z.F. Zhang, C.B. Begg.
Is Trichomonas vaginalis a cause of cervical neoplasia?: results from a combined analysis of 24 studies.
Int J Epidemiol, 23 (1994), pp. 682-690
[24.]
F. Grodstein, M.B. Goldman, D.W. Cramer.
Relation of tubal infertility to history of sexually transmitted diseases.
Am J Epidemiol, 137 (1993), pp. 577-584
[25.]
L.S. Diamond.
The establishment of various trichomonads of animals and man in axenic cultures.
J Parasitol, 43 (1957), pp. 488-490
[26.]
L.R. Rivero, M.R. Peña, C.S. Pérez, S.P. Monroy, I. Sariego Ramos, J.F. Nodarse.
Frequency of Trichomonas vaginalis infection in couples with fertility problems.
Rev Cubana Med Trop, 54 (2002), pp. 85-90
[27.]
J.R. Schwebke, D. Burgess.
Trichomoniasis.
Clin Microbiol Rev, 17 (2004), pp. 794-803
[28.]
S. Shrader, E. Hernandez, J. Gaughan.
Is there a seasonal difference in the detection of Trichomonas vaginalis by cervical cytology?.
ScientificWorldJournal, 3 (2003), pp. 45-50
[29.]
S.H. Kapiga, N.E. Sam, E.J. Masenga, R. Manongi, J.F. Shao.
Risk factors for bacterial vaginosis among bar and hotel workers in Northern Tanzânia.
East Afr Med J, 82 (2005), pp. 85-91
[30.]
A.O. Kehinde, T.O. Lawoyin.
STI/HIV co-infections in UCH, Ibadan. Nigeria.
Afr J Reprod Health, 9 (2005), pp. 42-48
[31.]
N.A. Alzanbagi, H.S. Salem, F. Al Braiken.
Trichomoniasis among women with vaginal discharge in Jeddah city. Saudi Arabia.
J Egypt Soc Parasitol, 35 (2005), pp. 1071-1080
[32.]
T.T. Lobo, G. Feijó, S.E. Carvalho, P.L. Costa, C. Chagas, J. Xavier, et al.
A comparative evaluation of the Papanicolaou test for the diagnosis of trichomoniasis.
Sex Transm Dis, 30 (2003), pp. 694-699
[33.]
G. Madico, T.C. Quinn, A. Rompalo, K.T. McKee Jr., C.A. Gaydos.
Diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis infection by PCR using vaginal swab samples.
J Clin Microbiol, 36 (1998), pp. 3205-3210
[34.]
H.L. Brown, D.D. Fuller, L.T. Jasper, T.E. Davis, J.D. Wright.
Clinical evaluation of affirm VPIII in the detection and identification of Trichomonas vaginalis. Gardnerella vaginalis, and Candida species in vaginitis/vaginosis.
Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol, 12 (2004), pp. 17-21
[35.]
Y. Adu-Sarkodie, B.K. Opoku, K.A. Danso, H.A. Weiss, D. Mabey.
Comparison of latex agglutination, wet preparation, and culture for the detection of Trichomonas vaginalis.
Sex Transm Infect, 80 (2004), pp. 201-203
[36.]
J. Knox, S.N. Tabrizi, P. Miller, K. Petoumenos, M. Law, S. Chen, et al.
Practitioner-collected samples for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Trichomonas vaginalis by polymerase chain reaction among women living in remote areas.
Sex Transm Dis, 29 (2002), pp. 647-654
[37.]
M.S. Mahmoud, S.S. Abdel-Aziz, E.A. El-Sherif, K.H. Swidan.
Diagnosis of symptomatic and asymptomatic Trichomonas vaginalis infection by applying one tube nested PCR to vaginal discharge.
J Egypt Soc Parasitol, 29 (1999), pp. 1031-1046
[38.]
N. Sakru, S.O. Toz, A.C. Yetkin, P.Y. Akinci, U. Kirca.
Increased sensitivity of Trichomonas vaginalis isolation from vaginal secretions by subsequent blind passage of preliminary negative cultures.
Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis, 52 (2005), pp. 75-76
[39.]
H. Swygard, W.C. Miller, S.C. Kaydos-Daniels, M.S. Cohen, P.A. Leone, M.M. Hobbs, et al.
Targeted screening for Trichomonas vaginalis with culture using a two step method in women presenting for STD evaluation.
Sex Transm Dis, 31 (2004), pp. 659-664
[40.]
R.I. Anorlu, A.F. Fagbenro Beyioku, T. Fagorala, O.O. Abudu, H.S. Galadanci.
Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis in patients with vaginal discharge in Lagos, Nigeria.
Niger Postgrad Med J, 8 (2001), pp. 183-186
[41.]
N.K. Mahdi, Z.H. Gany, M. Sharief.
Risk factors for vaginal trichomoniasis among women in Basra Iraq.
East Mediterr Health J, 7 (2001), pp. 918-924
[42.]
P.R. Mason, P.L. Fiori, P. Cappuccinelli, P. Rappelli, S. Gregson.
Seroepidemiology of Trichomonas vaginalis in rural women in Zimbabwe and patterns of association with HIV infection.
Epidemiol Infect, 133 (2005), pp. 315-323
[43.]
K.S. Smith, S.N. Tabrizi, K.A. Fethers, J.B. Knox, C. Pearce, S.M. Garland.
Comparison of conventional testing to polymerase chain reaction in detection of Trichomonas vaginalis in indigenous women living in remote areas.
Int J STD AIDS, 16 (2005), pp. 811-815
[44.]
P.V. Arambulo 3rd, B.D. Cabrera, T.S. Osteria, J.C. Baltazar.
A comparative study of Trichomonas vaginalis prevalence in Filipino women.
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 8 (1977), pp. 298-302
[45.]
K.A. Wendel, A.M. Rompalo, E.J. Erbelding, T.H. Chang, J.F. Alderete.
Double-stranded RNA viral infection of Trichomonas vaginalis infecting patients attending a sexually transmitted diseases clinic.
J Infect Dis, 186 (2002), pp. 558-561
[46.]
M.W. Lehker, J.F. Alderete.
Biology of trichomonosis.
Curr Opin Infect Dis, 13 (2000), pp. 37-45
[47.]
L.R. Rivero, A.I. Cirer, C.S. Pérez, I.S. Ramos, J.F. Nodarse.
Behavior of vaginal trichomoniasis in a group of adolescents.
Rev Cubana Med Trop, 55 (2003), pp. 179-184
[48.]
K. Agarwal, U. Sharma, V. Acharya.
Microbial and cytopathological study of intrauterine contraceptive device users.
Indian J Med Sci, 58 (2004), pp. 394-399
[49.]
M.E. Mbizvo, S.E. Musya, B. Stray-Pedersen, Z. Chirenje, A. Hussain.
Bacterial vaginosis and intravaginal practices: association with HIV.
Cent Afr J Med, 50 (2004), pp. 41-46
Copyright © 2011. Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia
Descargar PDF
Opciones de artículo
es en pt

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?

Você é um profissional de saúde habilitado a prescrever ou dispensar medicamentos