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Inicio Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental (English Edition) Oxytocin and autism: a hypothesis to research. Can perinatal oxitocinergic manip...
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Vol. 4. Núm. 1.
Páginas 38-41 (enero 2010)
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Vol. 4. Núm. 1.
Páginas 38-41 (enero 2010)
Acceso a texto completo
Oxytocin and autism: a hypothesis to research. Can perinatal oxitocinergic manipulation facilitate autism?
Oxitocina y autismo: una hipótesis para investigar. ¿La alteración de la producción de oxitocina endógena en torno al parto puede estar involucrada en la etiología del autismo?
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1374
Ibone Olza Fernándeza,
Autor para correspondencia
ibone.olza@salud.madrid.org

Corresponding author.
, Miguel Ángel Marín Gabrielb, Francisco López Sánchezc, Ana María Malalana Martínezb
a Psiquiatra infantil, Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
b Neonatólogo, Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
c Obstetra, Servicio de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract

The study of the neurohormonal and behavioural processes and neural mechanisms involved in the development of attachment between the infant and the mother has received increased attention over the last years. Oxytocin has been shown to play a central role in the regulation of affiliate social behaviour, including sexual behaviour, mother infant bonding and social memory and recognition. Following normal physiological vaginal birth highest levels plasmatic endogenous oxytocin are achieved, which has been related to the presence of a sensitive period which seems to facilitate bonding and initial mother and newborn attachment. Perinatal manipulation of peptidic hormones like oxytocin can have life long lasting effects on social and sexual behaviours in animal models. Disregulation of oxytocinergic system has been observed in individuals with autistic disorders. A review of the possible effects of oxytocinergic perinatal manipulation in human newborns is discussed in the present review article. The hypothesis of the possible effect of perinatal oxytocin manipulation on the ethiology of autism is discussed.

Keywords:
Oxytocin
Austism
Neurobiology
Attachment
Bonding
Resumen

La neurobiología del apego investiga la comprensión de los procesos conductuales y los mecanismos neurales afectados en el origen y el mantenimiento del apego entre el lactante y su madre, padre y hermanos. La oxitocina desempeña un papel central en la regulación de las conductas sociales, incluidas la conducta sexual, el apego materno infantil y la memoria social y el reconocimiento. Los valores máximos de oxitocina endógena en las horas siguientes al parto fisiológico en el cerebro del recién nacido se han relacionado con el período sensitivo y el inicio del vínculo materno filial. La manipulación del sistema oxitocinérgico en el período perinatal puede alterar de por vida las respuestas sociales y sexuales en los modelos animales. En el presente artículo se revisan los efectos de la oxitocina endógena y exógena en el período perinatal. Se plantea la hipótesis de que la alteración del sistema oxitocinérgico podría ser uno de los posibles múltiples factores perinatales involucrados en la etiopatogenia del autismo. La alteración del sistema oxitocinérgico se puede producir mediante la administración de oxitocina sintética intraparto o la cesárea programada sin trabajo de parto previo. Se apuntan líneas futuras de investigación en esta área.

Palabras clave:
Oxitocina
Autismo
Neurobiología
Apego
Vínculo
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