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Vol. 9. Núm. 1.
Páginas 35-42 (marzo 2008)
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Vol. 9. Núm. 1.
Páginas 35-42 (marzo 2008)
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Tratamiento de la vasculitis crioglobulinémica asociada al virus de la hepatitis C
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14247
Emma García-Melchor, Alejandro Olivé Marqués
Servicio de Reumatología. Hospital Universitari Germans Trias y Pujol. Badalona. Barcelona. España
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Resumen

Las crioglobulinas son inmunoglobulinas que precipitan a temperaturas inferiores a 37 °C y se redisuelven con el calentamiento. Su capacidad de formar inmunocomplejos hace que se depositen en los vasos sanguíneos, activen el complemento y den lugar a lo que se conoce como vasculitis crioglobulinémica. Hay 3 tipos de crioglobulinas, y de ellos el tipo II, o crioglobulinemia mixta, se asocia en más del 80% con la infección del virus de la hepatitis C. El conocimiento de esta asociación ha supuesto un cambio en las estrategias terapéuticas de esta vasculitis, ya que ha pasado a considerarse una manifestación extrahepática de esta infección. Por tanto, actualmente la eliminación del virus es el objetivo del tratamiento con fármacos como el interferón y la ribavirina. En pacientes resistentes a los tratamientos convencionales se están utilizando nuevos agentes, como el rituximab, el infliximab o el micofenolato mofetilo. La consecución de una vacuna eficaz contra el VHC probablemente disminuirá de forma drástica los casos de esta vasculitis.

Palabras clave:
Vasculitis
Vasculitis crioglobulinémica
Crioglobulinemia mixta
Virus de la hepatitis C
Rituximab
Interferón
Micofenolato mofetilo
Abstract

Cryoglobulins are immunoglobulins that precipitate at temperatures below 37 °C and redissolve on rewarming. These immunoglobulins can form immune complexes that precipitate in blood vessels, activate complement and cause cryoglobulinemic vasculitis. Cryoglobulinemia is classified intro three serological subsets; of these, type II, or mixed cryoglobulinemia, is associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in more than 80% of cases. The discovery of this association has changed therapeutic strategies in cryoglobulinemic vasculitis, which is now considered an extrahepatic manifestation of HCV infection. Therefore, the main therapeutic approach currently consists of antiviral therapies such as interferon or ribavirin. In patients refractory to these treatments, new agents such as rituximab, infliximab and mycophenolate mofetil are being used. The development of an effective vaccine against HCV would drastically reduce the number of cases of this form of vasculitis.

Key words:
Vasculitis
Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis
Mixed cryoglobulinemia
Hepatitis C virus
Rituximab
Interferon
Mycophenolate mofetil
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Copyright © 2008. Sociedad Española de Reumatología
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