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Original article
Available online 31 October 2024
Importance of optimizing routine immunization schedules in pediatric heart transplantation
Importancia de la optimización de los calendarios de vacunación en el trasplante cardíaco infantil
Sofía Bassy Navarroa, Nuria Gil Villanuevab, Manuela Camino-Lópezb, Roberto Alonso Fernándezc,d, Beatriz Lázaro-Martíne,f, Alicia Hernanz-Loboe,f,g,
Corresponding author
h.lobo.alicia@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Marisa Navarro Gómezd,e,f,g
a Pediatría, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
b Unidad de Trasplante Cardíaco Infantil, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
c Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
d Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
e Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
f Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
g Infectología Pediátrica, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
Received 18 December 2023. Accepted 08 July 2024
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Figures (2)
Tables (4)
Table 1. Patient demographic data.
Table 2. Comparison of vaccination coverage prior to heart transplantation between patients under and over 12 months of age.
Table 3. Comparison of vaccination updating after heart transplantation between males and females.
Table 4. Comparison of vaccination updating after heart transplantation according to specialist consultation attendance.
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Additional material (1)
Abstract
Objective

Vaccination is the most effective preventive measure to reduce the risk of infection in patients receiving immunosuppressive treatment, such as heart transplant (HT) patients. The objectives of this study are to describe and evaluate the vaccination status of a group of pediatric HT recipients.

Material and methods

Retrospective descriptive study of 75 pediatric patients who underwent HT at a tertiary hospital between January 2000 and September 2020. Demographic, clinical (immunization before and after HT, and attendance to vaccination counselling consultation), and analytical (hepatitis A and B serology before and after HT) variables were collected.

Results

Patients >12 months reached the HT with better vaccination coverage than those <12 months: 78.9 % versus 60.7 % had a complete vaccination schedule (P=.15). Post-HT vaccination update rate is low; only 13.3 % of patients had a complete schedule according to their age. The post-HT vaccination update of the human papillomavirus vaccine is higher in women (P=.02). We did not find statistical differences between other vaccines according to sex. A total of 13.3 % of patients attended post-HT vaccination counselling consultation, being better immunised than those who did not (P=.01).

Conclusions

The evaluation and optimization of vaccination schedules of patients with HT remains suboptimal. A follow-up of these patients and their relatives in vaccination specialised consultations can improve the immunization status of pediatric HT recipients.

Keywords:
Heart transplant
Pediatric transplant
Vaccines
Immunization
Prevention
Resumen
Objetivo

La vacunación es la medida de prevención más eficaz para disminuir el riesgo infeccioso en los pacientes con tratamiento inmunosupresor, como los portadores de trasplante cardíaco (TC). El objetivo de este trabajo es describir el estado de vacunación de una cohorte de pacientes pediátricos receptores de TC antes y después del trasplante.

Material y métodos

Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de 75 pacientes pediátricos receptores de TC seguidos en un hospital de tercer nivel entre enero de 2000 y septiembre de 2020. Se recogieron variables demográficas, clínicas (inmunización vacunal antes y después del TC, asistencia a consulta de asesoría vacunal) y analíticas (serologías de hepatitis A y B, antes y después del TC).

Resultados

Los pacientes >12 meses llegaron al TC con mejor cobertura vacunal que los <12 meses: 78.9 % frente a 60.7 % presentaban un calendario completo (p = 0.15). La actualización vacunal posterior al TC es baja, sólo 13.3 % de los pacientes tiene el calendario completo. La actualización vacunal post-TC de la vacuna del virus del papiloma humano es mayor en mujeres (p = 0.02), no existiendo diferencias significativas para el resto de las vacunas en función del sexo. 13.3 % de pacientes acudió a consulta de asesoría vacunal post-TC, estando mejor inmunizados que los que no lo hicieron (p = 0.01).

Conclusiones

La adherencia a los calendarios de vacunación de los pacientes con TC es subóptima. El seguimiento en consultas especializadas en asesoría vacunal de estos pacientes y sus familiares podría mejorar la situación vacunal de los pacientes pediátricos con TC.

Palabras Clave:
Trasplante cardíaco
Trasplante pediátrico
Vacunas
Inmunización
Prevención

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