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Vol. 61. Issue 5.
Pages 327-331 (January 2010)
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Vol. 61. Issue 5.
Pages 327-331 (January 2010)
Clinical characteristics of tinnitus in Ménière's disease
Comportamiento del acúfeno en la enfermedad de Ménière
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Iballa Romero Sánchez
Corresponding author
iballa_cmt@hotmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Herminio Pérez Garrigues, Verónica Rodríguez Rivera
Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain
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Abstract
Introduction

Ménière's disease is characterised by vertigo, hearing loss and tinnitus. Various studies assess the problem of vertigo and audition deficit in Ménière's disease, but only a few of these relate to the clinical characteristics of tinnitus, the aim of this study.

Material and methods

A transversal descriptive study of the behaviour of tinnitus in 88 patients in different stages of Ménière's disease treated in a tertiary hospital was carried out. The different characteristics of disease were analysed: intensity was evaluated with an analoguevisual scale, subjective tonality through tonal shade references, the impact on the patient's quality of life was tested by a self-appraisal questionnaire, and competence level was evaluated with the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory. Epidemiologic factors, personal records, hearing thresholds and evolution in the number of vertiginous crises in the previous six months were also taken into account.

Results

The average time of evolution of the disease was 15.4 years. The results evidence the development of tinnitus of moderate intensity (5/10) and low frequency (46%), with a slight impact on quality of life. Worsening in the quality of life related to hearing affectation and/or advanced stages of the disease was also observed. We identified high frequency tonality, a medical record of depression and youth as unfavourable prognostic factors. There was no relationship found with the years of evolution of the disease or with the number of vertigo crises.

Conclusion

In large samples of long evolution Ménière's disease, patients do not perceive tinnitus as a problem that produces serious impairment in their quality of life.

Keywords:
Ménière's disease
Tinnitus
Tinnitus Handicap Inventory
Quality of life
Resumen
Introducción

La enfermedad de Ménière se caracteriza por vértigo, hipoacusia y acúfeno. Existen diversos estudios sobre la evolución del vértigo y la audición pero son escasos los referidos al comportamiento del acúfeno, siendo éste el objetivo de nuestro estudio.

Métodos

Se realiza, en un hospital terciario, un estudio descriptivo transversal sobre el comportamiento del acúfeno en 88 pacientes con enfermedad de Ménière que se encontraban en distinta fase de la enfermedad. Analizamos las características del mismo: la intensidad con una escala analógico-visual, la tonalidad subjetiva con referencias tonales, la repercusión sobre su calidad de vida con un cuestionario de autoevaluación, y el nivel de incapacitación con el test Tinnitus Handicap Inventory. Se valoran también factores epidemiológicos, antecedentes personales, umbral de audición y evolución de las crisis vertiginosas en los últimos 6 meses.

Resultados

El promedio de años de evolución de la enfermedad fue 15,4 años. Se evidenció un acúfeno de intensidad moderada (5/10), con una leve repercusión en la calidad de vida y de frecuencia predominantemente grave (46%). Se observó un empeoramiento en la calidad de vida en relación con la afectación auditiva y/o estadio de la enfermedad. Factores de mal pronóstico fueron la tonalidad aguda, antecedentes de depresión y la corta edad. No encontramos relación con los años de evolución de la enfermedad ni con las crisis de vértigo.

Conclusión

En muestras grandes, y con largo tiempo de evolución, el acúfeno no es considerado por los pacientes con enfermedad de Ménière como un problema que repercuta de forma importante en su calidad de vida.

Palabras clave:
Enfermedad de Ménière
Acúfeno
Tinnitus Handicap Inventory
Calidad de vida

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