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Inicio Actas Urológicas Españolas Análisis de microsatélites en células exfoliadas del sedimento urinario. su u...
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Vol. 27. Issue 8.
Pages 618-628 (January 2003)
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Vol. 27. Issue 8.
Pages 618-628 (January 2003)
Análisis de microsatélites en células exfoliadas del sedimento urinario. su utilidad para la detección del cáncer vesical. estudio comparativo con citología urinaria
Microsatellite analysis in exfoliated cells from urine sediment. utility for bladder cancer detection. comparative study with urinary cytology
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R. Molina burgos*,1, J.M. Millán salvador**, J.S. Oltra soler**, J.F. Jiménez cruz*
* Servicio de Urología. Hospital Universitario La Fe. Valencia
** Unidad de Genética. Hospital Universitario La Fe. Valencia
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Resumen
Introducción

Teniendo en cuenta la precocidad de las alteraciones genéticas en la carcinogénesis de los tumores de vejiga, la valoración de estos cambios a nivel de 9p 21-22 por medio de marcadores microsatélites podrían ser útiles para el diagnóstico y seguimiento.

Objetivo

Evaluar el uso de marcadores microsatélites y la utilidad de pérdida de heterocigosidad (LOH) e inestabilidad de microsatélites (MSI) en células exfoliadas del sedimento urinario para él diagnostico de tumores vesicales.

Material y método

Amplificamos con PCR el DNA de muestras de orina y sangre de 160 pacientes con tumor vesical. Con 4 marcadores microsatélites de 9p 21-22 (D9S747-D9S171-D9S162-IFNA) y 1 de cromosoma 4 (D4S243) se analizó LOH/MSI en células del sedimento urinario. Utilizamos la citología urinaria como método comparativo y el análisis histológico del tejido obtenido por R.T.U, como diagnóstico de referencia. Calculamos la sensibilidad y especificidad del método y si existía alguna correlación con estadio y grado tumoral.

Resultados

Se pudo utilizar correctamente 150 muestras. En 111 encontramos LOH/MSI (sensibilidad del 74%). La citología pudo descubrir solamente 60 pacientes (sensibilidad 40%). Encontramos mayor número de alteraciones microsatélites (AM) en tumores superficiales (sensibilidad 77,3% vs. 28,8% de la citología) y valores estadísticamente significativos (MSI p<0,001 - LOH p<0,004) cuando comparamos tumores GI-II vs. GIII. El marcador con mayor sensibilidad fue D4S243 con un 40%. Un paciente con AD. Carcinoma de próstata y otro con cistitis crónica dieron resultado falsos positivos.

Conclusiones

El estudio de LOH/MSI en tumores vesicales con 5 marcadores microsatélites, según nuestros datos presenta una sensibilidad del 74%.

El mayor números de LOH/MSI la encontramos en tumores superficiales y tumores GI-GII. Aunque no permite descartar la realización de cistoscopias en el diagnóstico y seguimiento, mejora la sensibilidad de la citología urinaria y seria una alternativa diagnostica como un procedimiento no invasivo. (Beca F.I.U).

Palabras clave:
Microsatélites
Pérdida de hererocigosidad (LOH)
Inestabilidad (MSI)
Cáncer de vejiga
Citología
Abstract
Introduction

Taking into account the precocity of the genetic alterations in the carcinogénesis of the bladder tumors, the valuation of these changes at a level of 9p 21-22 by means of microsatellite markers could be useful for the diagnostic and follow-up.

Purpose

To evaluate the use of microsatellite markers and the utility of loss of heterozigosity (LOH) and microsatellite instability (MSI) in exfoliated cells from urine sediment. This observation offers the possibility of tumor detection by examining the DNA of urinary sediment.

Materials and methods

We amplified with PCR the DNA of urine and blood samples from 160 patients with bladder cancer. We analysed LOH/MSI in cells from urinary sediment using four microsatellite markers of 9p 21-22 (D9S747-D9S171-D9S162-IFNA) and one from chromosome 4 (D4S243). The urinary cytology was used as comparative method and histological examination of tissue obtained by transurethral resection (TUR) as reference diagnostic. We calculated the sensibility and specificity of this method and if there was some correlation between stage and grade tumoral.

Results

We could use 150 samples correctly. In 111 samples we found LOH/MSI (sensibility 74%). The cytology was positive only in 60 patients (sensibility 40%). We found a bigger number of microsatellite alterations (AM) in superficial tumors (sensibility 77,3% vs. 28,8% for the cytology) and these were significant when comparing tumors GI-II vs. GIII (MSI p <0,001 - LOH p <0,004). The marker with more sensibility was D4S243 with 40%. One patient with prostate carcinoma and another one with chronic cystitis gave false positive results.

Conclusions

The study of LOH/MSI in bladder tumors with 5 microsatellites markers, according to our results showed a sensibility of 74%.

The biggest number in LOH/MSI was found in superficial tumors and GI-GII tumors. Although we cannot discard the cystoscopy study in the diagnostic and follow-up, the sensibility of the urine cytology is better and could be one alternative diagnostic as a non-invasive procedure.

Key words:
Microsatellite
Loss of heterozigosity (LOH)
Inestability (MSI)
Bladder cancer
Cytology

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