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Vol. 23. Issue 8.
Pages 681-687 (January 1999)
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Vol. 23. Issue 8.
Pages 681-687 (January 1999)
Carcinoma “evanescente” de la próstata
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J.A. Ortiz Rey1, I. Anton Badiola, C. Alvarez, Alvarez, A. De la fuente buceta
Servicio de anatomía Patológica
E. Alexsandro da silva*, E. Zungri telo*
* Servicio de Urología. Centro Médico POVISA. Vigo (Pontevedra)
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Resumen

En los últimos años se ha observado con mayor frecuencia la aparición de piezas de prostatectomía que contienen un volumen mínimo o nulo de tumor a pesar de un diagnóstico histológico preoperatorio de adenocarcinoma en una biopsia por aguja (“fenómeno del cáncer evanescente”: FCE). Hemos revisado 145 prostatectomías realizadas en nuestro hospital entre enero de 1988 y octubre de 1997, encontrando 3 casos de FCE (2%). Para explicar este fenómeno se deben diferenciar dos grupos de pacientes. En aquellos que recibieron bloqueo hormonal preoperatorio, el tratamiento puede provocar una drástica reducción del volumen tumoral y producir, además, cambios microscópicos que dificultan el reconocimiento de malignidad. El FCE ocurre en menos del 5% de estas prostatectomías. En los pacientes no tratados hormonalmente el FCE es extremadamente raro y se intenta explicar como una consecuencia del uso extendido de métodos de “screening” que conduce a la detección de tumores de muy pequeño tamaño, probablemente de poca relevancia clínica, que se descubren en la biopsia por aguja, no observándose neoplasia residual en la pieza por limitaciones técnicas del método anatomopatológico o por auténtica ablación completa de la lesión mediante la biopsia.

Palabras clave:
Próstata
Biopsia
Neoplasias prostáticas
Adenocarcinoma
Prostatectomía
Terapia hormonal
Bloqueo androgénico combinado
Anatomía Patológica
Abstract

Occurrence of prostatectomy sections with minimum or no tumour volume have been increasingly seen over the last few years in spite of a preoperative histology-based diagnosis of adenocarcinoma with a needle biopsy (“evanescent cancer phenomenon” ECP). Our group has reviewed 145 prostatectomies performed in our hospital between January 1988 and October 1997, and found 3 cases of ECP (2%). To explain this phenomenon patients must be divided into two groups. In those who receive preoperative hormonal blockade, treatment may result in a drastic reduction of tumoral volume as well as microscopic changes that make malignancy recognition more difficult. ECP occurs in less than 5% of these prostatectomies. In patients with no previous hormonal treatment, ECP is extremely rare and any explanation comes as a consequence of the extended use of screening methods that lead to the detection of very small tumours, probably of little clinical relevance, that are found in the needle biopsy. Subsequently, however, no residual neoplasia is seen in the section either due to technical limitations of the pathoanatomical methods or because of a true, complete ablation of the lesion through the biopsy.

Key words:
Prostate
Biopsy
Prostatic neoplasms
Adenocarcinoma
Prostatectomy
Hormone therapy
Combined androgen blockade
Pathology

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