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Vol. 37. Issue 3.
Pages 181-187 (March 2013)
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Vol. 37. Issue 3.
Pages 181-187 (March 2013)
Review article
Surgical aspects of living donor nephrectomy
Aspectos quirúrgicos actuales de la nefrectomía de donante vivo
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958
O. Rodríguez, A. Breda
Corresponding author
abreda@fundacio-puigvert.es

Corresponding author.
, S. Esquena, H. Villavicencio
Unidad de Trasplante Renal, Servicio de Urología, Fundació Puigvert, Barcelona, Spain
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Tables (3)
Table 1. Absolute contraindications for living donor kidney transplant.
Table 2. Level and type of evidence as to the choice of kidney, multiple pedicles, and obesity in live donor nephrectomy.
Table 3. Levels and types of evidence in the comparison of different techniques in live donor nephrectomy.
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Abstract
Context

Living donor renal transplant surgery has evolved from the classical nephrectomy by lumbotomy to less invasive surgery, the laparoscopic and robotic nephrectomy currently being the most important. It is important to know the available evidence on whether nephrectomy in patients with multiple arteries, right kidney and in obese patients can be performed safely when there is a correct indication.

Objective

To perform a review of the different surgical techniques in living donor nephrectomy, adapted to the current surgical evidence and other aspects related to the indication.

Evidence acquisition

A systematic review was made in PubMed (1997–2011). This included previous reviews randomized controlled clinical studies, cohort studies, and meta-analyses of these surgical aspects of living donor nephrectomy.

Conclusions

Currently, there is sufficient evidence to consider living donor laparoscopic nephrectomy (LDLN) as the technique of choice, although the role of hand-assisted retroperitoneoscopic technique is still not totally clear. Open surgery techniques using mini-incision are an acceptable alternative for the sites that have not yet implemented laparoscopic surgery. Right kidney nephrectomy, of those cases that present multiple pedicles and in obese donors, is justified in selected cases.

Keywords:
Living donor nephrectomy
Laparoscopy
Results
Resumen
Contexto

La cirugía del trasplante renal de donante vivo, ha evolucionado desde la clásica nefrectomía por lumbotomia a una cirugía menos invasiva, imponiéndose en la actualidad la nefrectomía laparoscópica y robótica. Resulta importante conocer la evidencia disponible acerca de si la nefrectomía en pacientes con múltiples arterias, riñón derecho y en pacientes obesos puede realizarse de manera segura ante una indicación correcta.

Objetivo

Realizar una revisión de las diferentes técnicas quirúrgicas en nefrectomía de donante vivo, adaptada a la evidencia científica actual, y de otros aspectos que rodean la indicación.

Adquisición de la evidencia

Se realizó una revisión sistemática en PubMed (1997–2011), que incluye revisiones previas, estudios clínicos aleatorizados controlados, estudios de cohortes, y metanálisis de los aspectos quirúrgicos de la nefrectomía de donante vivo.

Conclusiones

Actualmente existe suficiente evidencia para considerar la nefrectomía laparoscópica de donante vivo (NLDV) como técnica de elección, aunque el papel de la técnica mano-asistida y la retroperitoneoscopia todavía no están del todo claros. Las técnicas de cirugía abierta por mini-incisión representan una alternativa aceptable para los centros que no hayan implementado todavía la cirugía laparoscópica. La nefrectomía de riñón derecho, de aquellos casos que presentan pedículos múltiples y en los donantes obesos esta justificada en casos seleccionados.

Palabras clave:
Nefrectomía de donante vivo
Laparoscopia
Resultados

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