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Inicio Atención Primaria Ser médico o médica marca diferencias en la práctica asistencial
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Vol. 28. Issue 4.
Pages 219-226 (January 2001)
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Vol. 28. Issue 4.
Pages 219-226 (January 2001)
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Ser médico o médica marca diferencias en la práctica asistencial
Being a male or female doctor marks differences in care practice
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A. Delgadoa,
Corresponding author
adelgado1@teleline.es

Correspondencia: Cármenes de San Miguel. C/ Alquería, 66. 18010 Granada.
, L.A. López-Fernándezb, J.D. Lunac
a Especialista en Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública. Técnica de Salud. Unidad Docente de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria. Granada
b Médico de Famila. Profesor de la Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública. Granada
c Profesor del Departamento de Biestadística. Facultad de Medicina. Granada
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Objetivos

Identificar las diferencias existentes entre médicos y médicas en la práctica clínica (conducta) y en sus determinantes, y conocer la variabilidad de las diferentes conductas estudiadas que es explicada por un conjunto de variables, entre ellas el género.

Diseño

Estudio descriptivo, transversal, multicéntrico.

Emplazamiento

Centros de salud andaluces de poblaciones de más de 100.000 habitantes.

Participantes

Selección de 159 médicos de atención primaria con formación posgraduada mediante muestreo aleatorio simple; 56%, varones; 44%, mujeres; potencia de las comparaciones, 68%.

Mediciones y resultados principales

Cuestionario autoadministrado para medir la variable dependiente, conducta global (práctica clínica) y 11 dimensiones de ésta, así como las variables independientes: determinantes de la conducta identificados por la teoría de la acción razonada –actitudes y norma subjetiva– y por la teoría del aprendizaje social –autoeficacia y locus de control–, el sexo y otras variables sociodemográficas y de las condiciones de trabajo.

Se construyen modelos de regresión lineal múltiple para explicar cada conducta analizada.

Ser médica influye de forma positiva en la conducta global y en las conductas de información, la conducta de orientación psicosocial, la conducta de prevención de la obesidad, la conducta de captación activa para planificación familiar y la conducta de colaboración con la enfermera.

Conclusiones

Las médicas de familia en Andalucía presentan una orientación más acusada hacia los aspectos psicosociales de la atención que sus colegas varones, proporcionan más información a sus pacientes y realizan con más frecuencia actividades preventivas congruentes con su sexo. Además cuentan con las enfermeras para trabajar más que los médicos.

Palabras clave:
Género del médico
Práctica clínica
Relación médico-paciente
Prevención
Objectives

To identify the differences between the clinical practice (conduct) of male and female doctors and its determining factors; and to find the variability in the various conducts studied which is explained by a set of variables, gender among them.

Design

Cross-sectional, multi-centre descriptive study.

Setting

Andalusian health centres with populations of over 100000 inhabitants.

Participants

Selection of 159 primary care doctors with postgraduate training by means of simple randomised sampling. 56% were men, 44% women, with power of comparisons at 68%.

Measurements and main results

Self-administered questionnaire to measure the dependent variable, overall conduct (clinical practice) and 11 dimensions of this conduct. Independent variables were: determinants of conduct identified by the theory of reasoned action (attitudes and subjective norm) and by the theory of social learning (self-efficacy and control locus), gender and other social and demographic variables and work conditions variables. Multiple linear regression models were constructed to explain each conduct analysed. Being a female doctor affects positively overall conduct and conduct in information, psycho-social guidance, prevention of obesity, active recruitment for family planning and collaboration with nurses.

Conclusions

In Andalusia women general practitioners have a more marked orientation towards the psycho-social sides of care than their male colleagues. They give more information to their patients and more frequently perform preventive activities linked to their gender. They also rely on the work of their nurses more than male doctors.

Key words:
Doctor’s gender
Clinical practice
Doctor-patient relationship
Prevention
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Copyright © 2001. Elsevier España, S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
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