metricas
covid
Buscar en
Cirugía Española
Toda la web
Inicio Cirugía Española Antibióticos e infección biliar
Journal Information
Vol. 76. Issue 4.
Pages 203-206 (October 2004)
Share
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Vol. 76. Issue 4.
Pages 203-206 (October 2004)
Full text access
Antibióticos e infección biliar
Antibiotics and biliary infection
Visits
34212
Josep M. Badiaa,1
Corresponding author
15278jbp@comb.es

Correspondencia: Unidad Servicio de Cirugía General. Hospital de Granollers. Avda. Francesc Ribas, s/n. 08400 Granollers. Barcelona. España. Correo electrónico:
, Robin C.N. Williamsonb
a Servicio de Cirugía General. Hospital de Granollers. Granollers. Barcelona. España
b Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery. Division of Surgery, Anaesthetics and Intensive Care. Imperial College of Medicine. The Hammersmith Hospital. Londres. Reino Unido
This item has received
Article information
Resumen

La principal característica de la infección quirúrgica es que se puede eliminar mediante una operación. La infección biliar no es una excepción, ya que la extirpación de la vesícula biliar infectada y el completo drenaje de la vía biliar o el absceso hepático son las principales armas del cirujano para combatirla. Los antibióticos tienen un papel importante, aunque secundario, en el tratamiento de esta infección.

Las infecciones de origen biliar son frecuentes y potencialmente graves, suelen ser polimicrobianas, se asocian a un alto porcentaje de bacteriemias y requieren un abordaje multidisciplinar. El uso juicioso de la endoscopia, la radiología intervencionista y la cirugía para conseguir el control del foco infeccioso o el drenaje de la vía biliar es el primer paso del tratamiento. Éste debe completarse con la administración empírica de antibióticos con el espectro antibacteriano adecuado.

El uso más racional de los antibióticos en la infección biliar, especialmente en lo que respecta a la duración óptima del tratamiento, la posibilidad de desescalada terapéutica o el tratamiento secuencial con antibióticos orales aún está sujeto a un amplio debate y deberá ser objeto de futuros ensayos clínicos.

Palabras clave:
Vía biliar
Colangitis
Coledocolitiasis

The main characteristic of surgical infection is the possibility of eliminating the focus of infection through a surgical intervention. Biliary infection is no exception and the main weapons at the surgeon’s disposal for combatting it are removal of the infected gallbladder and complete drainage of the biliary tract or hepatic abscess. Antibiotics play an important although secondary role in the treatment of this infection.

Biliary infections are common and potentially serious. They are usually polymicrobial, are associated with a high percentage of bacteremias and require a multidisciplinary approach. The first steps in treatment are the judicious use of endoscopy, interventionist radiology and surgery to achieve control of the focus of infection or drainage of the biliary tract. Treatment should be completed by empirical administration of antibiotics with a sufficiently broad spectrum.

The most rational use of antibiotics in biliary infection, especially optimal treatment duration, and the possibility of de-escalation or sequential therapy with oral antibiotics are still widely debated and should be the object of future clinical trials.

Key words:
Bile duct
Cholangitis
Bile duct stones
Full text is only aviable in PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
R.W. Motson, L.W. Way.
Cholecystitis.
The biliary tract, pp. p. 121
[2.]
C.Y. Chen, C.L. Lu, P.C. Lee, S.S. Wang, F.Y. Chang, S.D. Lee.
The risk factors for gallstone disease among senior citizens: an Oriental study.
Hepatogastroenterol, 46 (1999), pp. 1607-1612
[3.]
A.R. McLeish, M.R. Kerghley, H.M. Bishop, D.W. Burdon, A.H. Quoraishi, N.J. Dorricot, et al.
Selecting patients requiring antibiotics in biliary surgery by immediate Gram stains of bile at operation.
Surgery, 81 (1977), pp. 473-477
[4.]
M.K. Bilbao, C.T. Dotter, T.G. Lee, R.M. Katon.
Complications of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatograhpy (ERCP): a study of 10,000 cases.
Gastroenterology, 70 (1976), pp. 314-320
[5.]
M.R.B. Keighley.
Preventing infections in bilary surgery.
Infect Surg, 2 (1983), pp. 711-719
[6.]
J.A.R. Smith.
Gastrointestinal tract infection.
Infectionin surgical practice, pp. 164-176
[7.]
A.M. Bourgault, D.M. England, J.E. Rosenblatt, P. Forgacs, R.C. Bieger.
Clinical characteristics of anaerobic bacteribilia.
Arch Intern Med, 139 (1979), pp. 1346-1349
[8.]
C. Marne, R. Pallarés, R. Martín, A. Sitges-Serra.
Gangrenous cholecystitis and acute cholangitis associated with anaerobic bacteria in bile.
Eur J Microbiol, 5 (1986), pp. 35-39
[9.]
K. Ulualp, R.E. Condon.
Antibiotic prophylaxis for scheduled operative procedures.
Infect Dis Clin North Am, 6 (1992), pp. 613-624
[10.]
A. Csendes, N. Mitru, F. Maluenda, J.C. Diaz, P. Burdiles, P. Csendes, et al.
Counts of bacteria and pyocites of choledochal bile in controls and in patients with gallstones or common bile duct stones with or without acute cholangitis.
Hepatogastroenterol, 43 (1996), pp. 800-806
[11.]
D.J. Morrow, J. Thompson, S.E. Wilson.
Acute cholecystitis in the elderly.
Arch Surg, 113 (1978), pp. 1149-1152
[12.]
D.M. England, J.E. Rosenblatt.
Anaerobes in human biliary tracts.
J Clin Microbiol, 6 (1977), pp. 494-498
[13.]
K. Shimada, T. Noro, T. Inamatsu, K. Urayama, K. Adachi.
Bacteriology of acute obstructive suppurative cholangitis of the aged.
J Clin Microbiol, 14 (1981), pp. 522-526
[14.]
P.A. Lipsett, H.A. Pitt.
Acute cholangitis.
Surg Clin N Am, 70 (1990), pp. 1297-1312
[15.]
J.F. Westphal, J.M. Brogard.
Biliary tract infections: a guide to drug treatment.
Drugs, 57 (1999), pp. 81-91
[16.]
J.M. Brogarg, J. Kopferschmitt, J.P. Arnaud, M. Dorner, J. La Villaureix.
Biliary elimination of mezlocillin: an experimental and clinical study.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 18 (1980), pp. 69-76
[17.]
W.B. Gerecht, N.K. Henry, W.W. Hoffman, S.M. Muller, N.F. LaRusso, J.E. Rosenblatt, et al.
Prospective randomized comparison of mezlocillin therapy alone with combined ampicillin and gentamicin therapy for patients with cholangitis.
Arch Intern Med, 149 (1989), pp. 1279-1284
[18.]
E.L. Muller, H.A. Pitt, J.E. Thompson Jr., J.E. Doty, L.L. Mann, B. Manchester.
Antibiotics in infections of the biliary tract.
Surg Gynecol Obstet, 165 (1987), pp. 285-292
[19.]
J.E. Thompson Jr., H.A. Pitt, J.E. Doty, J. Coleman, C. Irving.
Broad spectrum penicillin as an adequate therapy for acute cholangitis.
Surg Gynecol Obstet, 171 (1990), pp. 275-282
[20.]
S. Chamberland, J. Lécuyer, C. Lessard, M. Bernier, P. Provencher, M.G. Bergeron.
Antibiotic susceptibility profiles of 941 gram-negative bacteria isolated from septicemic patients throught Canada.
Clin Infect Dis, 15 (1992), pp. 615-628
[21.]
M.G. Bergeron, J. Mendelson, G.K. Harding, L. Mandell, I.W. Fong, A. Rachlis, et al.
Cefoperazone compared with ampicillin plus tobramycin for severe biliary tract infections.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 32 (1988), pp. 1231-1236
[22.]
J.J. Sung, D.J. Lyon, R. Suen, S.C. Chung, A.L. Co, A.F. Cheng, et al.
Intravenous ciprofloxacin as treatment for patients with acute suppurative cholangitis: a randomized, controlled clinical trial.
J Antimicrob Chemother, 35 (1995), pp. 855-864
[23.]
G.N. Karachalios, D.D. Nasiopoulou, P.K. Bourlinou, A. Reppa.
Treatment of acute biliary tract infections with ofloxacin: a randomized, controlled clinical trial.
Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther, 34 (1996), pp. 555-557
[24.]
H.K. Whright, W.D. Holden.
The risks of emergency surgery for acute cholecystitis.
Arch Surg, 81 (1960), pp. 341-347
[25.]
W. Van der Linden, H. Suzel.
Early versus delayed operation for acute cholecystitis. A controlled clinical trial.
Am J Surg, 120 (1970), pp. 7-13
[26.]
P. McArthur, A. Cuschieri, R.A. Sells, R. Shields.
Controlled clinical trial comparing early with interval cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis.
Br J Surg, 62 (1975), pp. 850-852
[27.]
J. Lahtinen, E.M. Alhava, S. Aukee.
Acute cholecystitis treated by early versus delayed surgery. A controlled clinical trial.
Scand J Gastroenterol, 13 (1978), pp. 673-676
[28.]
W. Van der Linden, G. Edlun.
Early versus delayed cholecystectomy: the effect of a change in management.
Br J Surg, 68 (1981), pp. 753-757
[29.]
S. Norrby, P. Herlin, T. Holmin, R. Sjödahl, C. Tagesson.
Early or delayed cholecystectomy in acute cholecystitis? A clinical trial.
Br J Surg, 70 (1983), pp. 163-165
[30.]
C.M. Lo, C.L. Liu, S.T. Fan, E.C. Lai, J. Wong.
Prospective randomized study of early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis.
Ann Surg, 227 (1998), pp. 461-467
[31.]
P.B. Lai, K.H. Kwong, K.L. Leung, S.P. Kwok, A.C. Chan, S.C. Chung, et al.
Randomized trial of early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis.
[32.]
R.G. Wilson, I.M. Macintyre, S.J. Nixon, J.H. Saunders, J.S. Varma, P.M. King.
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy as a safe and effective treatment for severe acute cholecystitis.
BMJ, 15 (1992), pp. 394-396
[33.]
N.C. Estes, C. McElhinney, M.A. Estes, H. Opie, M. Johnson.
Acute cholecystitis treated urgently by nonselective laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Am Surg, 62 (1996), pp. 598-601
[34.]
S. Eldar, E. Sabo, E. Nash, J. Abrahamson, I. Matter.
Laparoscopic versus open cholecystectomy in acute cholecystitis.
Surg Laparosc Endosc, 7 (1997), pp. 407-414
[35.]
T. Kililuoto, J. Siren, P. Luukkonen, E. Kivilaakso.
Randomised trial of laparoscopic versus open cholecystectomy for acute and gangrenous cholecystitis.
[36.]
W.H. Schwesinger, K.R. Sirinek, W.E. Strodel, 3th..
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for biliary tract emergencies: state of the art.
World J Surg, 23 (1999), pp. 334-342
[37.]
K.T. Lee, S.R. Wong, J.S. Cheng, C.G. Ker, P.C. Sheen, Y.E. Liu.
Ultrasound- guided percutaneous cholecystostomy as an initial treatment for acute cholecystitis in elderly patients.
Dig Surg, 15 (1998), pp. 328-332
[38.]
P.C. Saharia, J.L. Cameron.
Clinical management of acute cholangitis.
Surg Gynecol Obstet, 142 (1976), pp. 369-372
[39.]
J.H. Boey, L.W. Way.
Acute cholangitis.
Ann Surg, 191 (1980), pp. 264-270
[40.]
H.A. Carpenter.
Bacterial and parasitic cholangitis.
Mayo Clin Proc, 73 (1998), pp. 473-478
[41.]
M.J. Phillips, P.S. Latham, S. Poucell-Hatton.
Electron microscopy of human liver diseases.
Disease of the liver, 7th ed,
[42.]
J.E. Thompson, R.K. Tomkins, W.P. Longmire.
Factors in management of acute cholangitis.
Ann Surg, 195 (1982), pp. 137-145
[43.]
W.Y. Lau, K.W. Chu, W.K. Yuen, G.P. Poon, J.S. Hwang, A.K. Li.
Operative choledochoscopy in patients with acute cholangitis: a prospective, randomized study.
Br J Surg, 78 (1991), pp. 1226-1229
[44.]
R.P. Saik, A.G. Greenburg, J.M. Farris, G.W. Peskin.
Spectrum of cholangitis.
Am J Surg, 130 (1975), pp. 143-150
[45.]
G.V. Mazariegos, E.P. Molmenti, D.J. Kramer.
Early complications after orthotopic liver transplantation.
Surg Clin North Am, 79 (1999), pp. 109-129
[46.]
H.A. Pitt, G.D. Zuidema.
Factors influencing mortality in the treatment of pyogenic hepatic abscess.
Surg Gynecol Obstet, 140 (1997), pp. 228-234
[47.]
K.M. Chu, S.T. Fan, E.C.S. Lai, C.M. Lo, J. Wong.
Pyogenic liver abscess: an audit of experience over the past decade.
Arch Surg, 131 (1996), pp. 148-152
[48.]
R.K. Seeto, D.C. Rockey.
Pyogenic liver abscess: changes in etiology, management, and outcome.
Medicine (Baltimore), 75 (1996), pp. 99-113
[49.]
R. Rintoul, M.G. O’Riordain, I.F. Laurenson, J.L. Crosbie, P.L. Allan, O.J. Garden.
Changing management of pyogenic liver abscess.
Br J Surg, 83 (1996), pp. 1215-1218
[50.]
M.R. Keighley, R. Flinn, J. Alexander-Williams.
Multivariate analysis of clinical and operative findings associated with biliary sepsis.
Br J Surg, 63 (1976), pp. 528-531
[51.]
W.S. Meijer, P.I. Schmitz, J. Jeekel.
Meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials of antibiotic prophylaxis in biliary tract surgery.
Br J Surg, 77 (1990), pp. 283-290
[52.]
R.E. Condon.
Antibiotic prophylaxis in gastrointestinal surgery.
Principles and management of surgical infections, pp. 131-148
[53.]
R. Al-Ghnaniem, I.S. Benjamín, A.G. Patel.
Meta-analysis suggests antibiotic prophylaxis is not warranted in low-risk patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Br J Surg, 90 (2003), pp. 365-366
[54.]
S. Motte, J. Deviere, J.M. Dumonceau, E. Serruys, J.P. Thys, M. Cremer.
Risk factors for septicemia following endoscopic biliary stenting.
Gastroenterology, 101 (1991), pp. 1374-1381
Copyright © 2004. Elsevier España, S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
Download PDF
Article options
es en pt

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?

Você é um profissional de saúde habilitado a prescrever ou dispensar medicamentos