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Inicio Cirugía Española Colecistostomía abierta o percutánea en pacientes de alto riesgo. Análisis de...
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Vol. 73. Issue 6.
Pages 336-341 (June 2003)
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Vol. 73. Issue 6.
Pages 336-341 (June 2003)
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Colecistostomía abierta o percutánea en pacientes de alto riesgo. Análisis de una serie de 30 pacientes
Open or percutaneous cholecystostomy in high-risk patients. Analysis of 30 patients
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José Ignacio Rodríguez Hermosaa,1, Josep Roig Garcíaa, Jordi Gironès Vilàa, Antoni Codina Cazadora, Albert Maroto Genoverb, Margarita Osorio Fernándezb, Xavier Aldeguer Mantéc, Doroteo Acero Fernándezc
a Servicio de Cirugía General y Digestiva. Hospital Universitario Dr. Josep Trueta. Girona
b Servicio de Radiología. Hospital Universitario Dr. Josep Trueta. Girona
c Servicio de Digestivo. Hospital Universitario Dr. Josep Trueta. Girona. España
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Resumen
Introducción

La actitud ante la colecistitis aguda es la colecistectomía laparoscópica si es factible o, en su defecto, la colecistectomía abierta. En pacientes de avanzada edad, con importante comorbilidad y elevado riesgo anestésico, la colecistostomía es una opción terapéutica en la colecistitis aguda grave.

Pacientes y método

Presentamos 30 casos tratados mediante colecistostomía en los últimos tres años. Todos los pacientes presentaron un cuadro de colecistitis aguda grave, con importante deterioro de su estado general y un alto riesgo anestésico por la avanzada edad y sus enfermedades asociadas.

Resultados

La edad media de los pacientes (18 varones y 12 mujeres) fue de 79 años. En la analítica destacó la leucocitosis con o sin desviación a la izquierda en 28 casos (93%). El riesgo anestésico fue ASA IV en 25 casos (83%) y ASA III en los otros 5 (17%). En todos los casos se instauró tratamiento antibiótico intravenoso. La colecistostomía fue abierta en 12 pacientes y guiada por ecografía en 18. El germen más aislado fue Escherichia coli (16 pacientes, 53%). La morbilidad y la mortalidad de esta serie fueron del 57 y el 20%, respectivamente. Las curaciones llegaron al 80% de los casos.

Conclusiones

En los pacientes ancianos y con importante afección de base, que supone un alto riesgo anestésico y quirúrgico en caso de colecistitis aguda grave, para conseguir un tratamiento curativo, se puede plantear la colecistostomía (radiológica o quirúrgica).

Palabras clave:
Colecistostomía abierta o percutánea
Pacientes de alto riesgo
Colecistitis aguda
Introduction

The current approach to acute cholecystitis is laparoscopic cholecystectomy, when feasible, or open cholecystectomy when the laparoscopic approach cannot be performed. However, in elderly patients with serious comorbidity and high anesthetic risk, cholecystostomy is a therapeutic option in severe acute cholecystitis.

Patients and method

We present 30 patients treated with cholecystostomy in the last three years. All the patients presented severe acute cholecystitis with significant deterioration in general health status, as well as high anesthetic risk due to their age and associated morbid processes.

Results

The mean age of the patients was 79 years. There were 18 men and 12 women. Blood analysis revealed leucocytosis with or without left shift in 28 patients (93%). Anesthetic risk was ASA IV in 25 patients (83%) and was ASA III in the remaining 5 (17%). In all patients, endovenous antibiotic treatment was started. Cholecystostomy was open in 12 patients and ultrasonographically-guided in 18. The most commonly isolated bacterium was Escherichia coli in 16 patients (53%). In this series morbidity was 57% and mortality was 20%. Complete recovery was achieved in 80% of the patients.

Conclusions

In elderly patients with important underlying disease and high surgical and anesthetic risk, cholecystostomy (radiological or surgical) can be used for curative treatment of severe acute cholecystitis.

Key words:
Open or percutaneous cholecystostomy
High-risk patients
Acute cholecystitis
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Copyright © 2003. Asociación Española de Cirujanos
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