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Inicio Cirugía Española Coledocolitiasis no sospechada: abordaje laparoscópico durante la colecistectom...
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Vol. 71. Issue 2.
Pages 68-74 (February 2002)
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Vol. 71. Issue 2.
Pages 68-74 (February 2002)
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Coledocolitiasis no sospechada: abordaje laparoscópico durante la colecistectomía
Laparoscopic exploration of the common bile duct for unsuspected sones during cholecystectomy
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A. Sáenz1, M.A. Amador, I. Martínez, E. Astudillo, L. Fernández-Cruz
Departamento de Cirugía y Especialidades Quirúrgicas. Universidad de Barcelona. Unidad de Cirugía Bilio-Pancreática. IMD. IDIBAPS. Barcelona
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Resumen
Introducción

En los pacientes con colelitiasis sintomática, la colangiografía intraoperatoria transcística durante la colecistectomía laparoscópica puede mostrar la presencia de cálculos no sospechados en la vía biliar principal entre el 1 y el 9%, según las distintas series publicadas. El objetivo de este estudio es valorar la utilidad y los resultados del abordaje transcístico laparoscópico de la coledocolitiasis no sospechada, diagnosticada durante la colecistectomía laparoscópica, en una serie de pacientes con antecedentes de pancreatitis aguda biliar y coledocolitiasis tratada por colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica (CPRE)

Pacientes y métodos

Desde enero de 1997 hasta abril de 2001, en 349 pacientes que fueron sometidos a colecistectomía laparoscópica (201 pacientes pospancreatitis aguda biliar, 75 pacientes post-CPRE y 73 pacientes con colelitiasis sintomática), la realización de colangiografía objetivó la existencia de coledocolitiasis en 34 pacientes (10%). De ellos, 19 eran mujeres y 15 eran varones con una edad media de 67 años. El abordaje de la vía biliar principal mediante extracción transcística fue utilizado en 15 pacientes (44%), la dilatación neumática de la papila en 12 (35%) y coledocotomía laparoscópica en tres (9%)

Resultados

Todos los pacientes fueron tratados por laparoscopia de forma satisfactoria sin necesidad de conversión. El número de cálculos extraídos varió de uno a ocho, y el tamaño de 2 a 8 mm. El tiempo operatorio medio fue de 79 min (límites, 35-125) para la extracción transcística, 82 min (límites, 50-105) para la dilatación neumática de la papila y de 105 min (límites, 90-120) para la coledocotomía laparoscópica. Cuatro pacientes requirieron la realización de una CPRE postoperatoria (12%) por coledocolitiasis residual. La morbilidad asociada a la cirugía fue del 15%

Conclusiones

La colangiografía transcística durante la colecistectomía laparoscópica es necesaria para el diagnóstico de la coledocolitiasis no sospechada (10%). El abordaje por vía transcística o por coledocotomía es posible y consigue eliminar la litiasis de la vía biliar principal en el 91% de nuestros pacientes. Ambas técnicas laparoscópicas son reproducibles si se dispone de la experiencia y del material adecuado, evitando un número importante de conversiones y CPRE postoperatorias

Palabras clave:
Litiasis biliar
Coledocolitiasis
Cirugía laparoscópica
Abordaje transcístico
Esfinterotomía neumática
Coledocoscopia
Introduction

According to published series, intraoperative cholangiography during cholecystectomy may show the presence of unsuspected common bile duct stones in 1% to 9% of patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and results of laparoscopic transcystic management of bile duct stones diagnosed during laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a series of patients with a history of acute biliary pancreatitis and choledocholithiasis treated by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)

Patients and methods

From January 1997 to April 2001, of 349 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy (201 patients with post-acute biliary pancreatitis, 25 patients with post-ERCP and 73 patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis), intraoperative cholangiography revealed unsuspected common bile duct stones in 34 patients (9.5%). Of these, 19 were men and 15 were women with a mean age of 67 years. Transcystic duct extraction was used in 15 patients (44%), ampullary balloon dilatation in 12 (35%) and laparoscopic choledochotomy in 3 (9%)

Results

In all patients, laparoscopic surgery was satisfactory and conversion was not required. The number of stones extracted varied from 1 to 8 and their size was between 2 and 8 cm. The mean operative time was 79 minutes (range: 35-125) for transcystic duct extraction, 82 minutes (range: 50-105) for ampullary balloon dilatation and 105 minutes (range: 90-120) for laparoscopic choledochotomy. Four patients required postoperative ERCP (12%) for residual stones. Morbidity was 15%

Conclusions

Intraoperative transcystic cholangiography during laparoscopic cholecystectomy disclosed the presence of unsuspected common bile duct stones in (10%) of our patients. The transcystic approach is feasible and, with choledochotomy, was successful in 91.2% of our patients. Both laparoscopic techniques can be reproduced given surgical teams with sufficient experience and suitable patients. They considerably reduce conversions to open surgery and the need for postoperative ERCPs

Key words:
Choledocholithiasis
Laparoscopy
Transcystic approach
Ampullary balloon dilatation
Choledochoscopy
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Copyright © 2002. Asociación Española de Cirujanos
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