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Inicio Cirugía Española Factores de recidiva precoz tras la resección de las metástasis pulmonares
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Vol. 76. Issue 5.
Pages 312-317 (November 2004)
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Vol. 76. Issue 5.
Pages 312-317 (November 2004)
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Factores de recidiva precoz tras la resección de las metástasis pulmonares
Factors related to early recurrence after resection of pulmonary metastases
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Antonio Ríos1
Corresponding author
ARZRIOS@teleline.es

Correspondencia: Dr. A. Ríos Zambudio. Avda. de la Libertad, 208. 30007 Casillas. Murcia. España.
, Pedro José Galindo, Juan Torres, María José Roca, Ricardo Robles, Juan Antonio Luján, Pascual Parrilla
Departamento de Cirugía. Servicio de Cirugía Torácica. Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca. El Palmar. Murcia. España
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Resumen
Introducción

Clásicamente, las metástasis pulmonares se consideraban una diseminación sistémica del tumor que no precisaban cirugía. Sin embargo, hay estudios que muestran los beneficios de la metastasectomía en casos seleccionados. El objetivo es analizar la morbimortalidad de la metastasectomía pulmonar y determinar los factores de recidiva precoz.

Pacientes y método

De los 42 pacientes intervenidos por metástasis pulmonares se excluyó a 4 por considerarlas irresecables intraoperatoriamente; se analizó a los 38 restantes. Las variables analizadas fueron la edad, el sexo, el tumor primario, el tiempo libre de enfermedad, las metástasis extrapulmonares resecadas, el número de metástasis, la bilateralidad, la morbimortalidad, las recidivas, las reintervenciones, el tiempo libre de enfermedad y la supervivencia.

Resultados

El abordaje quirúrgico fue una toracotomía posterolateral extraserrática, y no se presentó mortalidad perioperatoria. La morbilidad fue del 11% (n = 4), y fue precisa una reintervención por un hemotórax posquirúrgico. La supervivencia a 1, 2 y 3 años fue del 87, el 61 y el 25%, respectivamente, y el índice de pacientes libres de enfermedad, del 71, el 56 y el 17%, respectivamente. Los principales factores de recidiva precoz fueron el tipo histológico del tumor (más recidivas en los sarcomas y menos en los adenocarcinomas), el tiempo libre de enfermedad entre el tumor primario y la metástasis pulmonar, y el número de metástasis. Cinco de las recidivas pulmonares fueron resecadas una segunda vez, y se pudo extirpar sólo 4 de ellos, 3 de los cuales están libres de enfermedad a los 6, 12 y 24 meses, y el cuarto presenta recidiva pulmonar a los 18 meses.

Conclusiones

Las metástasis pulmonares pueden resecarse con baja morbimortalidad, y los principales factores pronósticos de supervivencia son la cirugía completa, el tipo histológico, el tiempo libre de enfermedad entre el tumor primario y la metástasis, y el número de metástasis pulmonares.

Palabras clave:
Metástasis pulmonares
Cirugía
Supervivencia
Cáncer colorrectal
Sarcoma
Metastasectomía
Morbilidad
Introduction

Traditionally, pulmonary metastases were considered to be a systemic dissemination of a tumor and unsuitable for surgical treatment. However, some studies report the benefits of metastasectomy in selected patients. The aim of the present study was to analyze morbidity and mortality in pulmonary metastasectomy and to determine the factors associated with early recurrence.

Patients and method

Of 42 patients who underwent surgery for pulmonary metastases, four were excluded because the tumors were deemed non-resectable at surgery. The remaining 38 patients were analyzed. The variables evaluated were age, sex, primary tumor, disease-free survival, resected extrapulmonary metastases, number of metastases, bilaterality, morbidity and mortality, recurrences, reinterventions and survival.

Results

Surgical approach consisted of serratussparing posterolateral thoracotomy, with no perioperative mortality. Morbidity was 11% (n = 4), and one reintervention was required due to postsurgical hemothorax. Survival at 1, 2 and 3 years was 87%, 61% and 25% respectively and the percentage of diseasefree survival was 71%, 56% and 17% respectively. The main factors associated with early recurrence were histological type of the tumor (recurrence was more frequent in sarcomas and less frequent in adenocarcinomas), disease-free interval between the primary tumor and pulmonary metastases, and the number of metastases. Five of the patients with recurrence underwent surgery on a second occasion. Of these, only four could undergo resection and only three were disease free at 6, 12 and 24 months. The fourth patient showed pulmonary recurrence at 18 months.

Conclusions

Pulmonary metastases can be resected with low morbidity and mortality. The main prognostic factors of survival are complete surgical resection, histological type, disease free interval between the primary tumor and metastases, and the number of pulmonary metastases.

Key words:
Pulmonary metastases
Surgery
Survival
Colorectal cancer
Sarcoma
Metastasectomy
Morbidity
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Copyright © 2004. Asociación Española de Cirujanos
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