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Inicio Cirugía Española Morbilidad precoz, temprana y tardía de la eventroplastia laparoscópica y tole...
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Vol. 74. Issue 5.
Pages 262-267 (November 2003)
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Vol. 74. Issue 5.
Pages 262-267 (November 2003)
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Morbilidad precoz, temprana y tardía de la eventroplastia laparoscópica y tolerancia de la malla bilaminar (Parietex®) intraabdominal
Early, medium-and long-term morbidity of laparoscopic ventral hernioplasty and tolerance to the double-layer intra-abdominal mesh (Parietex®)
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Alfredo Moreno-Egeaa,1
Corresponding author
amorenoe@worldonline.es

Correspondencia: Dr. A. Moreno-Egea. Unidad de Pared Abdominal. Hospital J.M. Morales Meseguer. Avda. Primo de Rivera, 7 –Edificio Berlín– 5.° D. 30008 Murcia. España.
, José Antonio Torralbaa, Enrique Girelab, Miguel Corralb, Joana Miquelc, Marina Bentoc, Joaquin Cartagenac, Juan Pablo Vicentec, José Luis Aguayoa
a Unidad de Pared Abdominal. Servicio de Cirugía. Hospital J.M. Morales Meseguer. Murcia.
b Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico. Hospital J.M. Morales Meseguer. Murcia.
c Servicio de Anestesia y Reanimación. Hospital J.M. Morales Meseguer. Murcia. España.
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Resumen
Introducción

La reparación de las hernias incisionales mediante laparoscopia es una opción terapéutica todavía controvertida y cuya morbilidad es poco conocida, principalmente a medio y largo plazo.

Objetivo

Evaluar la morbilidad postoperatoria de la eventroplastia laparoscópica, y analizar qué factores clínicos podrían relacionarse con ella.

Pacientes y métodos

Estudio prospectivo de 86 pacientes operados de eventración mediante cirugía endoscópica. Se evalúan parámetros clínicos (edad, sexo, enfermedades asociadas, cirugía abdominal previa, localización y tipo de defecto), complicaciones postoperatorias (hematomas, seromas, obstrucción intestinal, fístulas, infecciones, etc.), tolerancia y valoración estética parietal y tasa de recidivas. El seguimiento medio (100%) ha sido de 42 meses (rango, 1-5 años) y ha incluido evaluación clínica y ecográfica.

Resultados

La morbilidad postoperatoria global fue del 23,2%, con un caso de mortalidad tras sepsis por perforación intestinal, y una tasa de reingresos y de recidivas del 3,5%. Se han demostrado relaciones estadísticamente significativas entre las complicaciones y la localización infraumbilical (p < 0,001), la edad mayor de 60 años y el sexo femenino (p < 0,05). El estudio ultrasónico dinámico ha demostrado un 91 y un 94% de pacientes libres de adherencias al año y 3 años, respectivamente. La valoración estética de la pared a los 3 años ha demostrado asimetrías persistentes en el 5% de los pacientes y un grado de satisfacción personal del 92%.

Conclusiones

La morbilidad de la eventroplastia laparoscópica no es despreciable. El cirujano debe de conocer estas complicaciones y estar en condiciones de poder tratarlas de forma adecuada. Aconsejamos durante el período de aprendizaje seleccionar hernias incisionales de pacientes varones, menores de 65 años, con defectos inferiores a 12 cm y de localización no infraumbilical.

Plabras clave:
Hernia incisional
Laparoscopia
Morbilidad
Reintervenciones
Introduction

Laparoscopic repair of incisional hernias is still controversial and morbidity, especially in the medium- and long-term, has not been determined.

Objective

To evaluate postoperative morbidity in laparoscopic ventral hernioplasty and analyze the clinical factors that could be related.

Patients and methods

We performed a prospective study of 86 patients who underwent endoscopic surgery for ventral hernias. Clinical variables (age, sex, associated diseases, previous abdominal surgery, location and type of defect), postoperative complications (hematomas, seromas, intestinal obstruction, fistulae, infections, etc), tolerance, cosmetic results, and recurrence rate were evaluated. The mean follow-up (100%) was 42 months (range: 1-5 years) and included clinical and ultrasonographic evaluation.

Results

Overall postoperative morbidity was 23.2%. One patient died after sepsis due to intestinal perforation. The readmission and recurrence rate was 3.5%. Statistically significant correlations were found between complications and infraumbilical location (p < 0.001), age greater than 60 years, and female sex (p < 0.05). Dynamic ultrasonography revealed that 91% and 94% of patients were free of adhesions at 1 and 3 years, respectively. Cosmetic evaluation of the abdominal wall showed persistent asymmetry in 5% of the patients. The degree of personal satisfaction was 92%.

Conclusions

The morbidity associated with laparoscopic ventral hernioplasty is not inconsiderable. Surgeons should be aware of these complications and be able to treat them appropriately. We recommend that during the learning period incisional hernias in male patients aged less than 65 years with defects of less than 12 cm and non-infraumbilical location should be selected.

Key words:
Incisional hernia
Laparoscopy
Morbidity
Reinterventions
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Copyright © 2003. Asociación Española de Cirujanos
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