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Vol. 69. Issue 5.
Pages 473-476 (May 2001)
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Vol. 69. Issue 5.
Pages 473-476 (May 2001)
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Morbimortalidad y supervivencia tras la paliación de la obstrucción maligna de la vía biliar
Morbidity, mortality and survival rates after palliative treatment of malignant bile duct obstruction
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J.J. González1
Corresponding author
jjglez@sci.cpd.uniovi.es

Correspondencia: Dr. E. Martínez Rodríguez. Julián Clavería, 6-6.°. 33006 Oviedo.
, L. Sanz, E. Azcano, F. Navarrete, E. Martínez
Servicio de Cirugía B. Hospital Central. Universidad de Oviedo. Oviedo
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Introducción

El desarrollo de nuevos procedimientos paliativos para el alivio de la obstrucción tumoral biliar exige el conocimiento de las distintas posibilidades de cada uno, la morbimortalidad asociada y la calidad de vida. El estudio de la supervivencia es la consecuencia lógica.

Pacientes y métodos

Estudio retrospectivo de 114 pacientes con compromiso tumoral del drenaje biliar extrahepático, no subsidiarios de resección, la mayoría, 99 (86,8%) con ictericia en el momento del diagnóstico. Predominaron los tumores del área periampular (62 [54,4%]) y, en consecuencia, las obstrucciones distales (63 [55,3%]). La paliación se llevó a cabo por medios quirúrgicos en 65 casos (57%) y radiológicos en 46 (40,4%). Se realizó un análisis univariante para discriminar variables con influencia sobre la morbimortalidad, y el cálculo de la supervivencia de los pacientes válidos para seguimiento.

Resultados

La estancia hospitalaria postratamiento fue similar en ambos grupos; 47 pacientes (41,2%) tuvieron complicaciones y 35 (30,7%) fallecieron, la mayoría por problemas relacionados con ictericia y sepsis. La morbilidad, variada, se agrupa en tres grandes apartados: hemorragia, sepsis y obstrucción de la prótesis/catéter. De las variables estudiadas sólo los valores de bilirrubina condicionaron la muerte de los pacientes. La mediana de la supervivencia fue de 7 meses y sólo el 7% vivían a los 2 años.

Conclusiones

La morbimortalidad es elevada, independiente del método de paliación empleado. Los valores de bilirrubina influyen en la posibilidad de muerte.

Palabras clave:
Obstrucción de la vía biliar extrahepática
Tratamiento paliativo
Factores de riesgo
Introduction

Development of new palliative measures for relieving bile duct obstruction caused by malignant tumors is based on a good understanding of their scope in terms of the associated morbidity and mortality and quality of life. Hence the need to study the survival time of patients undergoing these palliative measures.

Material and methods

We performed a retrospective study of 114 patients with extrahepatic bile duct obstruction caused by non-resectable malignant tumor. Ninety-nine (86.8%) patients had jaundice at diagnosis. Sixty-two patients (54%) had periampullary tumors obstructing the distal part of the common bile duct. Sixty five patients (57%) underwent palliative surgery and 46 (40.4%) underwent radiotherapy. We performed a univariate analysis to identify the variables affecting morbidity and mortality and to calculate the survival time of the patients who could be followed up.

Results

Post-treatment hospital stay was similar in both groups. Forty seven (41.2%) patients developed complications, of whom 35 (30.7%) died, mainly as a result of jaundice and sepsis. The main complications were hemorrhage, sepsis, and obstruction of the prosthesis/catheter. Of the variables studied, only bilirubin level was positively correlated to fatal outcome. The median survival time was 7 months, and only 7% survived after 2 years.

Conclusions

Morbidity and mortality in the patients undergoing different palliative treatments for extrahepatic bile duct obstruction caused by a malignant tumour were high irrespective of the type of treatment. Bilirubin level was positively correlated to fatal outcome.

Key words:
Extrahepatic bile duct obstruction
Palliative treatment
Risk factors
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Presentado en parte en el European Congress of IHPBA'97. Hamburgo, Alemania, en junio de 1997.

Copyright © 2001. Asociación Española de Cirujanos
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