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Inicio Cirugía Española Reconstrucción mandibular: colgajos pediculados y microquirúrgicos
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Vol. 72. Issue 5.
Pages 287-296 (November 2002)
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Vol. 72. Issue 5.
Pages 287-296 (November 2002)
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Reconstrucción mandibular: colgajos pediculados y microquirúrgicos
Mandibular reconstruction: Pedicled and microsurgical flaps
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C. Navarro-Vila1, S. Ochandiano, F.J. López de Atalaya, M. Cuesta, J. Acero, J.M. Barrios, J.I. Salmerón, J.J. Verdaguer
Servicio de Cirugía Maxilofacial. Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón. Universidad Complutense. Madrid
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Resumen

La reconstrucción mandibular continúa siendo uno de los grandes retos para el cirujano de cabeza y cuello. Presentamos en este trabajo una revisión de los métodos empleados en nuestro servicio en los últimos 15 años en la restauración mandibular, sus ventajas, inconvenientes y los éxitos de cada técnica. Revisamos el colgajo osteomiocutáneo trapecial como colgajo pediculado regional, las indicaciones actuales de los colgajos microquirúrgicos, peroné, cresta ilíaca y escapular, sin hacer una descripción exhaustiva de los mismos sino haciendo hincapié en las indicaciones, las controversias y nuestros propios resultados en cada colgajo en la última década. Exponemos unas guías clínicas para el estudio de cada defecto que nos ayuden a la selección de uno u otro colgajo. La superioridad de la reconstrucción primaria y de los colgajos microquirúrgicos sobre los métodos tradicionales, unidos a los implantes osteointegrados, nos ha permitido proporcionar una adecuada calidad de vida (estética y función) a los pacientes mandibulectomizados.

Palabras clave:
Reconstrucción mandibular
Colgajo osteomiocutáneo trapecial
Colgajo de peroné
Colgajo de cresta ilíaca
Colgajo escapular
Microcirugía

Mandibular reconstruction is still a challenge for the head and neck surgeon.We review the techniques used in mandibular reconstruction in our department in the last 15 years and analyze the advantages and disadvantages and success rate of each technique. We present the trapezius osteomyocutaneous flap as a regional pedicled flap and the free microsurgical flaps: the fibula, scapular, and iliac crest flaps. Without providing an exhaustive description of each one, we discuss their indications, controversies and our own results with each flap in the last decade. Finally, we present some clinical guidelines for choosing an appropriate reconstructive technique when dealing with different mandibular defects. The superiority of primary reconstruction and free microsurgical flaps over traditional reconstructive methods, combined with osteointegrated implants, help mandibulectomized patients achieve better quality of life by improving esthetic and functional results.

Key words:
Mandibular reconstruction
Trapezius osteomyocutaneous flap
Fibula flap
Iliac crest flap
Scapular flap
Microsurgery
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Copyright © 2002. Asociación Española de Cirujanos
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