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Vol. 88. Issue 6.
Pages 390-397 (December 2010)
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Vol. 88. Issue 6.
Pages 390-397 (December 2010)
Original article
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Colorectal cancer in familial adenomatous polyposis: Are there clinical predictive factors?
El cáncer colorrectal en la poliposis adenomatosa familiar: ¿existen factores clínicos de predicción?
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Fábio Guilherme C.M. de Campos
Corresponding author
fgmcampos@terra.com.br

Corresponding author.
, Isabella Nicácio De Freitas, Antônio Rocco Imperiale, Víctor Edmond Seid, Rodrigo Oliva Perez, Sérgio Carlos Nahas, Ivan Cecconello
Unidad de Coloproctología, Departamento de Gastroenterología, Hospital das Clínicas de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract
Background

Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) is a hereditary disorder with multiple colorectal polyps that exhibit an almost inevitable risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) in untreated patients.

Goals

To evaluate clinical features related to CRC risk at diagnosis.

Material and methods

Charts from 88 patients were reviewed to collect information regarding age, family history, symptoms, polyposis severity and association with CRC.

Results

41 men (46.6%) and 47 women (53.4%) were assisted. CRC was detected in 53 patients (60.2%), with a frequency of 9.1% under 20 years, 58% between 21–40 and 85% over 41 years of age. Average age of patients without CRC was lower at treatment (29.5 vs 40.0 years; P=.001). Family history was reported by 58 patients (65.9%), whose average age did not differ from those who didn’t report it (33.4 vs 34.4; P=.17). Asymptomatic patients comprised 10.2% of the total; in this group, CRC incidence was much lower when compared to those presenting symptoms (1.1% vs 65.8%; P=.001). Patients without CRC presented a shorter length of symptoms (15.2 vs 26.4 months; P=.03) and less frequent weight loss (11.4% vs 33.9%; P=.01). At colonoscopy, polyposis was classified as attenuated in 12 patients (14.3%), who presented greater average age (48.2 vs 33.3 years; P=.02) and equal CRC incidence (58.3% vs 58.3%; P=.6) when compared to those with classic polyposis.

Conclusions

The risk of CRC in FAP patients 1) increases significantly after the second decade; 2) is associated with higher age, weight loss, presence and duration of simptomatology; 3) is similar in patients with attenuated or classic phenotype.

Keywords:
Adenomatous polyposis coli
Adenomatous polyps
Cancer
Colorectal neoplasms/surgery
Mortality
Resumen
Antecedentes

La poliposis adenomatosa familiar (PAF) es un trastorno hereditario caracterizado por pólipos colorrectales múltiples que presenta un riesgo casi inevitable de cáncer colorrectal (CCR) en los pacientes sin tratar.

Objetivos

Evaluar las características clínicas relacionadas con el riesgo de CCR en el momento del diagnóstico.

Material y métodos

Se examinaron los expedientes clínicos de 88 pacientes para recopilar información sobre la edad, la historia familiar, los síntomas, la gravedad de la poliposis y la asociación con el CCR.

Resultados

Se atendió a 41 hombres (46,6%) y 47 mujeres (53,4%). Se detectó CCR en 53 pacientes (60,2%), con una frecuencia del 9,1% entre aquellos menores de 20 años, 58% entre 21 y 40 años y 85% entre los mayores de 41 años. En el momento del tratamiento, la edad media de los pacientes sin CCR era inferior (29,5 años frente a 40,0 años; p=0,001). Un total de 58 pacientes (65,9%) notificó la existencia de antecedentes familiares, y la edad media de estos no era diferente de los que no notificaron dicha condición (33,4 frente a 34,4 años; p=0,17). Los pacientes asintomáticos representaban el 10,2% del total; en este grupo, la incidencia de CCR fue mucho menor comparada con la que presentaban síntomas (1,1% frente al 65,8%; p=0,001). En los pacientes sin CCR la duración de los síntomas era más corta (15,2 frente a 26,4 meses; p=0,03), y la pérdida de peso menos frecuente (11,4% frente al 33,9%; p=0,01). En la colonoscopia, la poliposis se clasificó como atenuada en 12 pacientes (14,3%), que presentaban una edad promedio superior (48,2 frente a 33,3 años; p=0,02) y una incidencia de CCR idéntica (58,3% frente a 58,3%; p=0,6), comparados con aquellos con poliposis clásica.

Conclusiones

El riesgo de CCR en los pacientes con PAF 1) aumenta de forma significativa después de los 20 años de edad; 2) se asocia con una edad mayor así como una pérdida de peso, presencia y duración de la sintomatología superiores, y 3) es similar en los pacientes con fenotipo atenuado y clásico.

Palabras clave:
Poliposis adenomatosa coli
Pólipos adenomatosos
Cáncer
Neoplasias/cirugía colorrectal
Mortalidad
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Part of the present work has been presented in the 2009 Brazilian Congress of Coloproctology (September 7-9 in São Paulo, Brazil).

Copyright © 2010. Asociación Española de Cirujanos
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