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Inicio Cirugía Española (English Edition) Fournier gangrene. A retrospective study of 41 cases
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Vol. 87. Issue 4.
Pages 218-223 (April 2010)
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Vol. 87. Issue 4.
Pages 218-223 (April 2010)
Original article
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Fournier gangrene. A retrospective study of 41 cases
Gangrena de Fournier: Estudio retrospectivo de 41 casos
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Jose Torremadé Barredaa, Mónica Millán Scheidingb,
Corresponding author
, Cristina Suárez Fernándezc, Jose María Cuadrado Campañaa, José Rodríguez Aguilerab, Eladio Franco Mirandaa, Sebastiano Biondob
a Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
b Unidad de Coloproctología, Servicio de Cirugía General y Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
c Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
Introduction

Fournier's gangrene is a rapidly progressing necrotizing fascitis that affects the perineal and genital area. Mortality still remains high. The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiological progression and morbidity-mortality of Fournier's gangrene at our centre over the past 10 years.

Methods

Retrospective study of 41 patients treated for Fournier's gangrene between 1998 and 2007. Variables studied included, demographic variables, aetiology, microbiology, surgical and antibiotic treatment, morbidity, and mortality.

Results

The mean age of the patients was 60, and 93% were male. The most common comorbidity was diabetes (49%), followed by alcoholism (46%) and immunosuppression or neoplasia (34%). The origin was perianal in 66% of cases, followed by a urological origin (32%). The median time from the onset of symptoms to diagnosis was 3 days. Several surgical debridements were required in 49% of the patients, and the mortality rate was 29%. Most cases had positive cultures (93%), and in 76% more than one microorganism was isolated (enterobacteriaceae and anaerobic flora). In the bivariate analysis, antimicrobial treatment with carbapenems and the absence of systemic complications were associated with lower mortality.

Conclusions

Fournier's gangrene continues to be a severe surgical emergency, with a high mortality rate. Early diagnosis and aggressive surgical and antibiotic therapy are necessary for adequate management.

Keywords:
Necrotizing fascitis
Fournier's gangrene
Epidemiology
Resumen
Introducción

La gangrena de Fournier es una fascitis necrotizante con diseminación rápidamente progresiva que afecta la región perineal y genital. A pesar de los avances terapéuticos, puede relacionarse a un alto índice de mortalidad. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la epidemiología y la morbimortalidad de la gangrena de Fournier en nuestro centro en los últimos años.

Material y métodos

Estudio retrospectivo de 41 pacientes con diagnóstico de gangrena de Fournier tratados entre los años 1998–2007. Se analizaron datos correspondientes a edad, sexo, comorbilidad, origen, extensión, evolución, estudio microbiológico, aspectos quirúrgicos, tratamiento antibiótico y mortalidad.

Resultados

De los 41 pacientes tratados en este periodo, el 93% fueron hombres, con edad media de 60 años. La diabetes fue el antecedente patológico más común (49%) seguido del alcoholismo (46%) y la inmunosupresión o neoplasia (34%). El origen fue perianal en el 66% de los casos, seguido del urológico (32%). El tiempo de evolución antes del diagnóstico fue 3 días (mediana). El 49% precisaron varias revisiones quirúrgicas, y la mortalidad fue del 29%. La mayoría (93%) de los cultivos fueron positivos, y en el 76% de los casos se aisló más de un microorganismo (los más frecuentemente aislados fueron enterobacterias y anaerobios). En el análisis univariado, el tratamiento antibiótico con carbapenémicos y la ausencia de complicaciones sistémicas se asociaron a menor mortalidad.

Conclusiones

La gangrena de Fournier sigue siendo una patología grave con una mortalidad elevada. El diagnóstico precoz y tratamiento quirúrgico y antibioterápico agresivos son necesarios para su adecuado tratamiento.

Palabras clave:
Fascitis necrotizante
Gangrena de Fournier
Epidemiología
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Presented as a poster at the Spanish National Congress of Surgery, Madrid 2008.

Copyright © 2010. Asociación Española de Cirujanos
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