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Inicio Cirugía Española (English Edition) Local treatment of a chronic anal fissure with diltiazem vs. nitroglycerin. A co...
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Vol. 87. Issue 4.
Pages 224-230 (April 2010)
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Vol. 87. Issue 4.
Pages 224-230 (April 2010)
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Local treatment of a chronic anal fissure with diltiazem vs. nitroglycerin. A comparative study
Tratamiento local de la fisura anal crónica con diltiazem vs. nitroglicerina. Estudio comparativo
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José J. Puche
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jpuchepla@hotmail.com

Corresponding author.
, M. José García-Coret, Francisco L. Villalba, Ismail Ali-Mahmoud, José V. Roig
Unidad de Coloproctología, Centro de Especialidades de Aldaya, Servicio de Cirugía General y Digestiva, Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Abstract
Aim

To assess the value of using smooth muscle relaxants drugs and assess the results of the topical use of 2% diltiazem as an alternative to 0.2% nitroglycerin in the treatment of chronic anal fissure (CAF).

Methods

Review of the CAF contained in a prospectively collected database of anal fissures including one hundred forty-five patients diagnosed with CAF and treated with standard measures (ST) in two consecutive periods. During the first period they were allocated alternatively to not receive further treatment (ST group) or to be treated with nitroglycerin ointment (NTG group). In the second period all were treated with local diltiazem (DTZ group). One hundred forty-five patients entered the study and 124 completed it.

Results

Initially there were significant differences in improvement rates (45% ST, 62.5% NTG and 80% DTZ, P<.01), but not in the cure rates (27% ST, 40% NTG and 39% DTZ) and the treatment was completed by 124 patients (85.5%). There were more side effects and more dropouts in the NTG group. In the subsequent follow-up for a median period of 25 months there were 25% recurrences and almost all responded to repeated medical treatment.

Conclusions

Smooth muscle relaxant drugs do not achieve a higher cure rate than the traditional measures used in CAF, but offer more symptomatic relief, providing an opportunity to avoid surgery. Topical diltiazem does not have the side effects of the nitroglycerin and is better accepted by patients.

Keywords:
Chronic anal fissure
Topical nitroglycerin
Topical diltiazem
Chemical sphincterotomy
Resumen
Objetivo

Investigar el valor de la utilización de fármacos relajantes de la musculatura lisa y analizar los resultados de la utilización tópica de diltiazem 2% como alternativa a la nitroglicerina 0,2% en el tratamiento de la fisura anal crónica (FAC).

Métodos

Revisión de las FAC contenidas en una base de datos de fisuras anales con recogida prospectiva, incluyendo 145 pacientes tratados con medidas estándar en 2 periodos de tiempo consecutivos. Durante el primer periodo, se asignaron alternativamente a no recibir más tratamiento (Grupo EST) o a tratarse con nitroglicerina local (Grupo NTG). En un segundo periodo, todos fueron tratados con diltiazem local (Grupo DTZ). Se analizan los resultados después de un mes de tratamiento y las recidivas.

Resultados

Inicialmente hubo diferencias significativas en las tasas de mejoría (45% EST, 62,5% NTG y 80% DTZ; p<0,01), pero no en la curación (27% EST, 40% NTG y 39% DTZ) y el tratamiento fue completado por 124 pacientes (85,5%). Ocurrieron más efectos adversos y más abandonos en el grupo NTG. En el seguimiento posterior, durante una mediana de 2 años, hubo un 25% de recidivas y casi todas respondieron al tratamiento médico reiterado.

Conclusiones

Aunque los fármacos relajantes de la musculatura lisa no consiguen más curaciones que las medidas tradicionales en las FAC, brindan más alivio sintomático, ofreciendo una oportunidad para evitar la cirugía. El diltiazem local carece de efectos secundarios y es mejor aceptado que la nitroglicerina. Las recidivas son frecuentes, pero responden bien al tratamiento médico repetido.

Palabras clave:
Fisura anal crónica
Nitroglicerina tópica
Diltiazem tópico
Esfinterotomía química
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