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Vol. 85. Issue 4.
Pages 238-245 (April 2009)
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Vol. 85. Issue 4.
Pages 238-245 (April 2009)
Original article
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Importance of physical examination and imaging techniques in the diagnosis of anorectal fistulae
Importancia de la exploración física y técnicas de imagen en la valoración diagnóstica de las fístulas de ano
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Julio Jordána, José V. Roigb,
Corresponding author
roig_jvi@gva.es

Author for correspondence.
, Juan García Armengolb, Pedro Esclapezc, Yolanda Jordánd, Eduardo García Graneroc, Rafael Alóse, Salvador Lledóc
a Servicio de Cirugía General y Digestiva, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Tenerife, Spain
b Unidad de Coloproctología, Servicio de Cirugía General y Digestiva, Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
c Unidad de Coloproctología, Servicio de Cirugía General y Digestiva, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
d Unidad Precoz Cáncer de Mama Serrería, Valencia, Spain
e Unidad de Coloproctología, Servicio de Cirugía General y Digestiva, Hospital de Sagunto, Spain
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Abstract
Aim

The study was designed to determine the role of clinical examination and imaging techniques in the diagnosis of anorectal fistula.

Material and methods

We performed an observational study with prospective recruiting using the data of 120 patients, by means of clinical evaluation by an experienced coloproctologist surgeon (EE), a surgeon without special training in coloproctology (CE), and examination under anaesthesia (SE), endoanal ultrasound (EAU), and magnetic resonance (MR), using the surgical findings as a reference.

Results

SE was significantly better than EE or CE for detecting an internal opening (IO), primary track, and abscess cavities (AC). EAU was significantly more sensitive and accurate than the EE in identifying an IO, and AC, but not compared to the SE. MR was more sensitive than the EE in the identification of the IO, transphincter and suprasphincter tracks and AC with no significant differences compared to EAU, and more sensitive than the SE to detect AC.

Conclusions

Examination under anaesthesia still has a place in the evaluation of anorectal fistula. Imaging methods are an occasional complement to a clinical evaluation that can help the less experienced to decide the appropriate treatment, particularly when a complex fistula is suspected.

Keywords:
Anorectal fistula
Clinical examination
Endoanal ultrasound
Magnetic resonance
Resumen
Objetivos

Se diseña un estudio para valorar el papel de exploración clínica y métodos de imagen en el diagnóstico de la fístula de ano.

Material y métodos

Efectuamos un estudio observacional con recogida prospectiva de datos en 120 pacientes, mediante evaluación clínica por un explorador experimentado (EE), un cirujano sin especial dedicación a la coloproctología (EC) y una exploración con anestesia (EQ), ultrasonografía endoanal (UEA) y resonancia magnética (RM), usando como referencia los hallazgos durante la cirugía.

Resultados

La EQ fue significativamente mejor que la del EE o EC para detección de orificio interno (OFI), trayecto primario y cavidades abscesuales (CA). La UEA fue significativamente más sensible y exacta que el EE para identificar OFI y CA, pero no respecto a la EQ. La RM fue más sensible que el EE en la identificación de OFI, trayectos transesfinterianos, supraesfinterianos y CA sin diferencias significativas con la UEA, y más sensible que la EQ para detectar CA.

Conclusiones

La exploración bajo anestesia sigue teniendo un importante lugar en la evaluación de pacientes con fístula de ano. Los métodos de imagen son complemento ocasional de una valoración clínica que puede ayudar a los menos experimentados a decidir el tratamiento apropiado y fundamentalmente cuando se sospecha de una fístula compleja.

Palabras clave:
Fístula de ano
Exploración clínica
Ultrasonografía endoanal
Resonancia magnética
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Copyright © 2009. Asociación Española de Cirujanos
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