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Inicio Cirugía Española (English Edition) Training design and improvement of technical skills in the transvaginal cholecys...
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Vol. 85. Issue 5.
Pages 307-313 (May 2009)
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Vol. 85. Issue 5.
Pages 307-313 (May 2009)
Original article
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Training design and improvement of technical skills in the transvaginal cholecystectomy (NOTES)
Diseño del entrenamiento y la adquisición de habilidades técnicas en la colecistectomía transvaginal (NOTES)
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1421
Francisco Miguel Sánchez-Margalloa,
Corresponding author
msanchez@ccmijesususon.com

Author for correspondence.
, José Manuel Asencio Pascualb, María del Carmen Tejonero Álvarezc, Miguel Ángel Sánchez Hurtadoa, Francisco Julián Pérez Duartea, Jesús Usón Gargalloa, Salvador Pascual Sánchez-Gijónc
a Centro de Cirugía de Mínima Invasión Jesús Usón, Cáceres, Spain
b Servicio de Cirugía, Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
c Servicio de Cirugía, Hospital Santa María del Puerto, El Puerto de Santa María, Cádiz, Spain
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Abstract
Introduction

The current surgical scenario of the surgery through natural orifices or “noscar surgery” requires acquiring new technical skills by the surgeon. We introduce the initial experience of the Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre Jesús Usón (MISCJU) in the design and setting-up of a surgical training programme using the the natural orifices approach for the acquisition of surgical skills and abilities, based on the preliminary trials in simulators and a pig model.

Material and methods

After initial training, using a laparoscopic pelvic-trainer, 7 female pigs, with weights between 35–40kg, were operated on. The transvaginal approach was completed using a one-channel gastroscope in all the animals. After accessing the abdomen, the abdominal cavity was explored, and the surgery was concluded with the endoscopic cholecystectomy.

Results

Endoscopic cholecystectomy was successfully completed in 6 cases. In one of the animals, the procedure was stopped because of technical problems regarding the endoscope leaning to one end. The average surgical time was 107.14min (range, 80–150min). The transvaginal approach enabled the abdominal to be explored and the dissection, ligature and section of the cystic duct and the cystic artery. After cholecystectomy, the gallbladder was extracted through the vagina. After the procedure necropsy did not reveal intra-abdominal lesions or intraoperative complications.

Conclusions

The pure transvaginal cholecystectomy is a feasible and reproducible procedure in the animal model. A systematized training model, which includes physiopathology knowledge as well as technical knowledge, in order to translate these procedures to the clinical practice in a safe way, is needed.

Keywords:
NOTES
Cholecystectomy
Training
Resumen
Introducción

El reciente escenario quirúrgico de la cirugía a través de orificios naturales o «cirugía sin cicatrices» requiere que el cirujano adquiera nuevas habilidades técnicas. Presentamos la experiencia inicial del Centro de Cirugía de Mínima Invasión Jesús Usón (CCMIJU), en la fase de diseño y desarrollo de un programa de formación quirúrgica con abordaje por orificios naturales para la adquisición de habilidades y destrezas quirúrgicas, basado en las pruebas preliminares realizadas en simuladores y en modelo porcino.

Material y métodos

Tras un entrenamiento inicial en simulador laparoscópico, fueron intervenidos 7 animales hembras de la especie porcina con pesos de 35–40kg. En todos los animales se completó el abordaje transvaginal mediante un gastroscopio con un solo canal. Tras el acceso al abdomen, se procedió a la exploración de la cavidad abdominal y se concluyó con la realización de la colecistectomía endoscópica.

Resultados

En 6 de los casos se completó con éxito la colecistectomía endoscópica. En un animal el procedimiento se detuvo por problemas técnicos relacionados con la orientación del extremo del endoscopio. El tiempo quirúrgico medio fue 107,14 (intervalo, 80–150)min. El abordaje transvaginal permitió la exploración abdominal y la disección, la ligadura y la sección del conducto cístico y la arteria cística. Tras la colecistectomía la vesícula fue extraída a través de la vagina. Tras el procedimiento la necropsia no reveló lesiones en los órganos abdominales ni complicaciones intraoperatorias.

Conclusiones

La colecistectomía transvaginal pura es un procedimiento factible y reproducible en modelo animal. Es necesario un modelo de formación sistematizado, que incluya tanto conocimientos fisiopatológicos como técnicos, para trasladar de forma segura estos procedimientos a la práctica clínica.

Palabras clave:
NOTES
Colecistectomía transvaginal
Formación
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Copyright © 2009. Asociación Española de Cirujanos
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