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Inicio Cirugía Española (English Edition) Local Excision for organ preservation in early REctal cancer with No Adjuvant tr...
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Available online 27 June 2024
Local Excision for organ preservation in early REctal cancer with No Adjuvant treatment (LORENA Trial): prospective observational study protocol
Resección local exclusiva sin tratamiento adyuvante como estrategia de preservación de órgano en cáncer de recto precoz: protocolo de estudio observacional prospectivo
Rodrigo Tovar Péreza, Carlos Cerdán Santacruzb,c,
Corresponding author
, Óscar Cano-Valderramad, Fernando Jiménez Escovare, Blas Flor Lorentef, Rodrigo O. Perezg,h,i,1, Javier García Septiemb,1
a General and Digestive Surgery Department, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
b Colorectal Surgery Department, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
c Colorectal Surgery Department, Clínica Santa Elena, Madrid, Spain
d Colorectal Surgery Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
e Colorectal Surgery Department, Hospital de Galdakao Usansolo, Bilbao, Spain
f Colorectal Surgery Department, Hospital Polite´cnico Universitario la Fe, Valencia, Spain
g Department of Surgical Oncology, Hospital Beneficencia Portuguesa, São Paulo, Brasil
h Division of Colorectal Surgery, Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, São Paulo, Brasil
i Angelita and Joaquim Gama Institute, São Paulo, Brasil
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Received 18 February 2024. Accepted 11 April 2024
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Abstract
Introduction

Local resection (LR) is an alternative to total mesorectal excision (TME) that avoids its associated morbidity to the detriment of oncological radicality in early stages of rectal cancer. There are several conditioning factors for the success of this strategy, such as poor prognosis histological factors (PPHF), involvement of resection margins, clinical under staging, or complications that may lead to the indication for radical surgery with TME.

Patients and method

An international multicenter prospective observational open-label study has been designed. Consecutive patients diagnosed with early rectal cancer (cT1N0 on MRI +/− endorectal ultrasound) whose lower limit is a maximum of 2 cm proximal to the ano-rectal junction will be included. The primary objective of the study is to determine the overall prevalence of PPHF after LR and requiring TME or postoperative radio-chemotherapy.

Discussion

The prevalence of PPHF conditioning the success of LR in early distal rectal cancer has been scarcely studied in the literature, and there are very few prospective data. Considering the increasing interest in the watch and wait strategy in rectal cancer and its possible application in early-stage tumors, it seems necessary to know this information.

The results of this study will help guide clinical practice in patients with early distal rectal cancer. It will also provide quality information for the design of future comparative studies to improve organ preservation success in these patients.

Trial registration number: NCT05927584.

Keywords:
Early rectal cancer
Organ preservation
Total mesorrectal excision
Rectal cancer local excision
Resumen
Introducción

La resección local (RL) es una alternativa a la exéresis mesorrectal total (EMT) que permite evitar su morbilidad asociada en detrimento de la radicalidad oncológica en estadios precoces de cáncer de recto. Existen diversos condicionantes para el éxito de esta estrategia, como factores histológicos de mal pronóstico (FHMP), afección de márgenes de resección, infra-estadificación clínica, o complicaciones que pueden conllevar la indicación de cirugía radical con EMT.

Pacientes y método

Se ha diseñado un estudio multicéntrico internacional observacional prospectivo en régimen abierto. Se incluirán pacientes consecutivos diagnosticados de cáncer de recto precoz (cT1N0 en RMN +/− ecografía endorrectal) cuyo límite inferior esté a un máximo de 2 cm proximal a la unión ano-rectal. El objetivo primario del estudio es determinar la prevalencia global de FHMP tras RL y que obligan a EMT o realización de radio-quimioterapia postoperatoria.

Discusión

La prevalencia de FHMP como factor limitante de éxito de una RL en cáncer de recto distal precoz, apenas ha sido objeto de estudio en la literatura, existiendo muy poca información con carácter prospectivo. Considerando el progresivo interés de la estrategia watch and wait en cáncer de recto y su posible aplicación en tumores con estadificación precoz, parece necesario conocer esta información.

Los resultados del estudio ayudarán a guiar la práctica clínica en pacientes con cáncer de recto distal precoz. También se conseguirá información de calidad para el diseño de estudios comparativos futuros que permitan mejorar el éxito en preservación de órgano en estos pacientes.

Número de registro: NCT05927584.

Palabras clave:
Cáncer de recto precoz
Preservación de órgano
Escisión total del mesorrecto, escisión local de cáncer de recto

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