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Inicio Cirugía Española (English Edition) Surgical approach to the locoregional recurrence of cancer of the rectum
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Vol. 89. Issue 5.
Pages 269-274 (May 2011)
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Vol. 89. Issue 5.
Pages 269-274 (May 2011)
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Surgical approach to the locoregional recurrence of cancer of the rectum
Abordaje quirúrgico de la recidiva locorregional del cáncer de recto
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Aintzane Lizarazu, José M. Enríquez-Navascués
Corresponding author
, Carlos Placer, Alberto Carrillo, Aitor Sainz-Lete, José L. Elósegui
Unidad de Cirugía Colorrectal. Servicio de Cirugía General y Digestiva, Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain
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Abstract

A literature review has been made on the pelvic recurrence of rectal cancer using the MedLine, Ovid, EMBASE, Cochrane and Cinahl data bases. Assessment of the locoregional recurrence must be made using imaging tests in order to rule out the presence of metastasis, as well as for locating its exact location within the pelvis. As the only curative treatment should be complete resection of the recurrence with negative margins, a pre-operative CT, NMR, endorectal ultrasound and PET-CT must be performed to determine its resectability. For a potential cure, radical resections must be made, with the technique varying according to whether the location is central (axial), posterior (presacral) or lateral, as well as treatment directed at the primary tumour. Neoadjuvant treatments, brachiterapy and intra-operative radiotherapy improve the local control results and survival in these patients.

Keywords:
Rectal cancer
Recurrent rectal cancer
Radical surgery
Resumen

Se ha realizado una revisión literaria relativa a la cirugía de la recurrencia pélvica del cáncer de recto utilizando las bases de datos MedLine, Ovid, EMBASE, Cochrane y Cinahl. La evaluación por pruebas de imagen de la recidiva locorregional debe realizarse tanto para descartar la presencia de metástasis como con el objetivo de localizar el sitio preciso (subsitio) de la misma dentro de la pelvis. Como el único tratamiento curativo será la resección completa de la recidiva con márgenes negativos, se deben realizar preoperatoriamente TC, RMN, ecografía endorrectal y PET-TC para determinar la resecabilidad. Para una potencial curación, se deben realizar resecciones radicales, variando la técnica según la localización de la recurrencia sea central (axial), posterior (presacra) o lateral, así como el tratamiento efectuado del tumor primario. Los tratamientos neoadyuvantes, la braquiterapia y la RTIO mejoran los resultados de control local y la supervivencia en estos pacientes.

Palabras clave:
Cáncer de recto
Cáncer de recto recurrente
Cirugía radical
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