Article information
Abstract
The use of imatinib in the management of gastrointestinal stromal tumours has radically changed their prognosis, particularly in their advanced forms, whether they are metastasic (the majority) or locally advanced. The high rates of response obtained means that, in many cases, surgery can be performed in situations where it was impossible to do so, even to the extent of considering surgery as a first line therapeutic weapon in combination with imatinib. Even so, it must not be used indiscriminately. It will be the different responses of these tumours to imatinib that will determine its usefulness and the way it is used. The combined use of surgery and imatinib is a clear and successful example of multimodal treatment in the context of the so-called targeted molecular therapy.
Keywords:
GIST
Imatinib
Metastasis
Neoadjuvancy
Resumen
La aplicación clínica del imatinib en el manejo de los tumores de la estroma gastrointestinal ha cambiado radicalmente su pronóstico, especialmente en sus formas avanzadas, ya sean metastásicas, la mayoría, o localmente avanzadas. Las elevadas tasas de respuesta obtenidas permiten, en muchos casos, el empleo de la cirugía en situaciones en que antes era imposible, e incluso se llega a considerar la cirugía como un arma terapéutica de primera línea en combinación con imatinib. Aun así, su empleo no debe ser indiscriminado. Serán las diferentes respuestas que estos tumores poseen al imatinib lo que determine su utilidad y su forma de empleo. El uso combinado de cirugía e imatinib supone un claro y exitoso ejemplo de tratamiento multimodal en el contexto de lo que se ha denominado terapia molecular dirigida.
Palabras clave:
GIST
Imatinib
Metástasis
Neoadyuvancia
Full text is only aviable in PDF
References
[1.]
C. Tarn, A.K. Godwin.
The molecular pathogenesis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors.
Clin Colorectal Cancer, 6 (2006), pp. S7-S17
[2.]
M.T. Mazur, H.B. Clark.
Gastric stromal tumors. Reappraisal of histogenesis.
Am J Surg Pathol, 7 (1983), pp. 507-519
[3.]
G.D. Demetri, R.S. Benjamin, C.D. Blanke, J.Y. Blay, P. Casali, H. Choi, NCCN Task Force, et al.
NCCN Task Force report: management of patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) —up- date of the NCCN clinical practice guidelines.
J Natl Compr Canc Netw, 5 (2007), pp. S1-S29
[5.]
T. Nishida, S. Hirota.
Biological and clinical review of stromal tumors in the gastrointestinal tract.
Histol Histopathol., 15 (2000), pp. 1293-1301
[6.]
L.G. Kindblom, H.E. Remotti, F. Aldenborg, J.M. Meis-Kindblom.
Gastrointestinal pacemaker cell tumor (GIPACT): gastrointestinal stromal tumors show phenotypic characteristics of the interstitial cells of Cajal.
Am J Pathol, 152 (1998), pp. 1259-1269
[7.]
T.L. Robinson, K. Sircar, B.R. Hewlett, K. Chorneyko, R.H. Riddell, J.D. Huizinga.
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors may originate from a subset of CD34-positive interstitial cells of Cajal.
Am J Pathol, 156 (2000), pp. 1157-1163
[8.]
Gold JS, DeMatteo RP. Combined surgical and molecular therapy. The gastrointestinal stromal tumor model. Ann Surg 244(2):176–184.
[9.]
M. Miettinen, J. Kopczynski, H.R. Makhlouf, M. Sarlomo-Rikala, H. Gyorffy, A. Burke, et al.
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors, intramural leiomyomas, and leiomyosarcomas in the duodenum: a clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular genetic study of 167 cases.
Am J Surg Pathol, 27 (2003), pp. 625-641
[10.]
M. Miettinen, L.H. Sobin, M. Sarlomo-Rikala.
Immunohistochemical spectrum of GISTs at different sites and their differential diagnosis with a reference to CD117 (KIT).
Mod Pathol, 13 (2000), pp. 1134-1142
[11.]
J.A. Tworek, H.D. Appelman, T.P. Singleton, J.K. Greenson.
Stromal tumors of the jejunum and ileum.
Mod Pathol, 10 (1997), pp. 200-209
[12.]
R.P. DeMatteo, J.J. Lewis, D. Leung, S.S. Mudan, J.M. Woodruff, M.F. Brennan.
Two hundred gastrointestinal stromal tumors: recurrence patterns and prognostic factors for survival.
Ann Surg, 231 (2000), pp. 51-58
[13.]
L.G. Kindblom.
Diagnosis, epidemiology, prognosis.
ASCO Annual Meeting, (2003),
[14.]
T.S. Emory, L.H. Sobin, L. Lukes, D.H. Lee, T.J. O’Leary.
Prognosis of gastrointestinal smooth-muscle (stromal) tumors: dependence on anatomic site.
Am J Surg Pathol, 23 (1999), pp. 82-87
[15.]
C.D. Fletcher, J.J. Berman, C. Corless, F. Gorstein, J. Lasota, B.J. Longley, et al.
Diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors: A consensus approach.
Hum Pathol, 33 (2002), pp. 459-465
[16.]
L. Tornillo, L.M. Terracciano.
An update on molecular genetics of gastrointestinal stromal tumours.
J Clin Pathol, 59 (2006), pp. 557-563
[17.]
S. Hirota, K. Isozaki, Y. Moriyama, K. Hashimoto, T. Nishida, S. Ishiguro, et al.
Gain-of-function mutations of c-kit in human gastrointestinal stromal tumors.
Science, 279 (1998), pp. 577-580
[18.]
C.L. Corless, J.A. Fletcher, M.C. Heinrich.
Biology of gastrointestinal stromal tumors.
J Clin Oncol, 22 (2004), pp. 3813-3825
[19.]
M. Miettinen, J. Lasota.
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors: review on morphology, molecular pathology, prognosis, and differential diagnosis.
Arch Pathol Lab Med, 130 (2006), pp. 1466-1478
[20.]
Fletcher JA. Efecto de imatinib sobre la señalización de tirosin quinasa. In: Sarcoma EIS y GIST. ESMO international Symposium. Milán, 2006. El modelo GIST: impacto antitumoral del tratamiento dirigido a la tirosin quinasa: 4–5.
[21.]
Glivecs (imatinib). Ficha técnica. East Hannover: NovartisPharmaceuticals Corporation; 2007.
[22.]
E.H. Ng, R.E. Pollock, M.F. Munsell, E.N. Atkinson, M.M. Romsdahl.
Prognostic factors influencing survival in gastrointestinal leiomyosarcomas. Implications for surgical management and staging.
Ann Surg, 215 (1992), pp. 68-77
[23.]
E.H. Ng, R.E. Pollock, M.M. Romsdahl.
Prognostic implications of patterns of failure for gastrointestinal leiomyosarcomas.
Cancer, 69 (1992), pp. 1334-1341
[24.]
www.gistgolscme.com (acceded January 08)
[25.]
V. Artigas-Raventós, A. López-Pousa.
Tumores de la estroma gastrointestinal: nuevos conceptos y estrategias terapéuticas multidisciplinarias médico-quirúrgicas.
Cir Esp, 79 (2006), pp. 1-2
[26.]
H. Joensuu, P.J. Roberts, M. Sarlomo-Rikala, L.C. Andersson, P. Tervahartiala, D. Tuveson, et al.
Effect of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor STI571 in a patient with a metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor.
N Engl J Med, 344 (2001), pp. 1052-1056
[27.]
Tamborini E. Actualizació n sobre los mecanismos de acción del tratamiento dirigido molecular. In: Sarcoma EIS y GIST. ESMO international Symposium. Milán, 2006. Tumores estromales gastrointestinales: una actualización exhaustiva. p. 23–5.
[28.]
B.P. Rubin, S. Singer, C. Tsao, A. Duensing, M.L. Lux, R. Ruiz, et al.
KIT activation is a ubiquitous feature of gastrointestinal stromal tumors.
Cancer Res, 61 (2001), pp. 8118-8121
[29.]
C.D. Blanke, G. Demetri, M. von Mehren, M.C. Heinrich, B. Eisenberg, J.A. Fletcher, et al.
Long-term results from a randomized phase II trial of standard versus higher-dose imatinib mesylate for patients with unresectable or metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors expressing KIT.
J Clin Oncol, 26 (2008), pp. 620-625
[30.]
A.T. Van Oosterom, I. Judson, J. Verweij, E. Di Paola, M. van Glabbeke, S. Dimitrijevic, et al.
STI 571, an active drug in metastatic Gastro Intestinal Stromal Tumors (GIST), an EORTC Phase I Study.
Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol, 20 (2001),
[31.]
A.T. van Oosterom, I. Judson, J. Verweij, S. Stroobants, E. Donato di Paola, S. Dimitrijevic, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcoma Group, et al.
Safety and efficacy of imatinib (STI571) in metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumours: a phase I study.
Lancet, 358 (2001), pp. 1421-1423
[32.]
C.D. Blanke, G.D. Demetri, M. von Mehren, M.C. Heinrich, B.L. Eisenberg, J. Fletcher, et al.
Long-term follow-up of a phase II randomized trial in advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) patients treated with imatinib mesylate.
J Clin Oncol, (2006), pp. 9528
[33.]
C.D. Blanke, H. Joensuu, G.D. Demetri, M.D. Heinrich, B.L. Eisenberg, J. Fletcher, et al.
Outcome of advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) patients treated with imatinib mesylate: Four-year follow-up of a phase II randomized trial. Outcome of advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) patients treated with imatinib mesylate: Four-year follow-up of a phase II randomized trial.
ASCO, (2006),
[34.]
J. Verweij, P.G. Casali, J. Zalcberg, A. LeCesne, P. Reichardt, J.Y. Blay, et al.
Progression-free survival in gastrointestinal stromal tumours with high-dose imatinib: randomised trial.
Lancet, 364 (2004), pp. 1127-1134
[35.]
R.S. Benjamin, C. Rankin, C. Fletcher, C.D. Blanke, M. von Mehren, R. Maki, et al.
Phase III dose-randomized study of imatinib mesylate (STI571) for GIST: Intergroup S0033 early results.
Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol, 22 (2003),
[36.]
C. Rankin, M. von Mehren, C.D. Blanke, R.S. Benjamin, C. Fletcher, V. Bramwell, et al.
Dose effect of imatinib (IM) in patients (pts) with metastatic GIST-Phase III Sarcoma Group Study S0033.
J Clin Oncol, (2004), pp. 9005
[37.]
J. Wilson, M. Connock, F. Song, G. Yao, A. Fry-Smith, J. Raftery, et al.
Imatinib for the treatment of patients with unresectable and/or metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumours: systematic review and economic evaluation.
Health Technol Assess, 9 (2005), pp. 1-142
[38.]
R.P. DeMatteo.
Treatment of advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumor: a marriage of targeted therapy and surgery?.
Ann Surg Oncol, 14 (2007), pp. 1-2
[39.]
S.S. Yoon, K.K. Tanabe.
Should surgical resection be combined with imatinib therapy for locally advanced or metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors?.
Ann Surg Oncol, 14 (2007), pp. 1784-1786
[40.]
B.L. Eisenberg, I. Judson.
Surgery and imatinib in the management of GIST: emerging approaches to adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapy.
Ann Surg Oncol, 11 (2004), pp. 465-475
[41.]
G. Barnes, V.R. Bulusu, R.H. Hardwick, N. Carroll, H. Hatcher, H.M. Earl, et al.
Review of the surgical management of metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) on imatinib mesylate (Glivec).
Int J Surg, 3 (2005), pp. 206-212
[42.]
J.S. Gold, R.P. Dematteo.
Neoadjuvant therapy for gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST): racing against resistance.
Ann Surg Oncol, 14 (2007), pp. 1247-1248
[43.]
S. Bonvalot, H. Eldweny, C.L. Péchoux, D. Vanel, P. Terrier, A. Cavalcanti, et al.
Impact of surgery on advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) in the imatinib era.
Ann Surg Oncol, 13 (2006), pp. 1596-1603
[44.]
S. Bauer, J.T. Hartmann, H. Lang.
Imatinib may enable complete resection in previously unresectable or metastatic GISTS.
Proc ASCO, 23 (2004), pp. 9023
[45.]
D. Katz, A. Segal, Y. Alberton, O. Jurim, P. Reissman, R. Catane, et al.
Neoadjuvant imatinib for unresectable gastrointestinal stromal tumor.
Anticancer Drugs, 15 (2004), pp. 599-602
[46.]
F. Haller, S. Detken, H.J. Schulten, N. Happel, B. Gunawan, J. Kuhlgatz, et al.
Surgical management after neoadjuvant imatinib therapy in gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) with respect to imatinib resistance caused by secondary KIT mutations.
Ann Surg Oncol, 14 (2007), pp. 526-532
[47.]
P. Bümming, J. Andersson, J.M. Meis-Kindblom, H. Klingenstierna, K. Engström, U. Stierner, et al.
Neoadjuvant, adjuvant and palliative treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST) with imatinib: a centre-based study of 17 patients.
Br J Cancer, 89 (2003), pp. 460-464
[48.]
C.L. Liu, M.J. Huang, S.C. Lin, K.M. Chang, C.Y. Tzen.
Neo-adjuvant STI571 therapy for high-risk gastrointestinal stromal tumour.
ANZ J Surg, 74 (2004), pp. 289-290
[49.]
M.B. Loughrey, C. Mitchell, G.B. Mann, M. Michael, P.M. Waring.
Gastrointestinal stromal tumour treated with neoadjuvant imatinib.
J Clin Pathol, 58 (2005), pp. 779-781
[50.]
S.S. Lo, G.I. Papachristou, S.D. Finkelstein, W.P. Conroy, W.H. Schraut, R.K. Ramanathan.
Neoadjuvant imatinib in gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the rectum: report of a case.
Dis Colon Rectum, 48 (2005), pp. 1316-1319
[51.]
J.N. Shah, W. Sun, R.R. Seethala, V.A. Livolsi, R.D. Fry, G.G. Ginsberg.
Neoadjuvant therapy with imatinib mesylate for locally advanced GI stromal tumor.
Gastrointest Endosc, 61 (2005), pp. 625-627
[52.]
M. Salazar, A. Barata, S. André, J. Venâncio, I. Francisco, M. Cravo, et al.
First report of a complete pathological response of a pelvic GIST treated with imatinib as neoadjuvant therapy.
Gut, 55 (2006), pp. 585-586
[53.]
N. Wasserberg, J.W. Nunoo-Mensah, R.W. Beart Jr., T.S. Ker.
Is there a role for neoadjuvant treatment with Gleevec for large rectal gastrointestinal stromal tumors?.
Int J Colorectal Dis, 22 (2007), pp. 981-982
[54.]
R.H. Andtbacka, C.S. Ng, C.L. Scaife, J.N. Cormier, K.K. Hunt, P.W. Pisters, et al.
Surgical resection of gastrointestinal stromal tumors after treatment with imatinib.
Ann Surg Oncol, 14 (2007), pp. 14-24
[55.]
K. Mohiuddin, S. Nizami, A. Munir, B. Memon, M.A. Memon.
Metastatic duodenal GIST: role of surgery combined with imatinib mesylate.
Int Semin Surg Oncol, 29 (2007), pp. 9
[56.]
P. Hohenberger, C. Langer, S. Pistorius, I. Iesalnieks, E. Wardelmann, P. Reichardt.
Indication and results of surgery following imatinib treatment of locally advanced or metastatic GI stromal tumors (GIST).
J Clin Oncol, (2006), pp. 9500
[57.]
B. Eisenberg, J. Harris, C. Blanke, G. Demetri, M.C. Heinrich, J.C. Watson, et al.
Phase II trial of neoadjuvant/adjuvant imatinib mesylate (IM) for advanced primary and metastatic/recurrent operable gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) – early results of RTOG S0132/ACRIN 6665.
J Surg Oncol, 99 (2009), pp. 42-47
[58.]
Gronchi A. Surgery in advanced/metastatic GIST. In: Gronchi A, Mazzaferro V, directores. Surgery for NET & GIST tumors. An international workshop on surgery and new treatment strategies for neuroendocrine and gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Milán, 2007.
[59.]
Trent J. A Prospective, randomized, phase II study of preoperative plus postoperative Imatinib Mesylate (Gleevec, formerly STI-571) in patients with primary, recurrent, or metastatic resectable, kit-expressing, gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). [cited January 2008]. Available from: http://utm-ext01a.mdacc.tmc.edu/dept/prot/clinicaltrialswp.nsf/index/ID03-0023
[60.]
J.Y. Blay, S. Bonvalot, P. Casali, H. Choi, M. Debiec-Richter, A.P. Dei Tos, et al.
GIST consensus meeting panelists. Consensus meeting for the management of gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Report of the GIST Consensus Conference of 20–21 March 2004, under the auspices of ESMO.
Ann Oncol, 16 (2005), pp. 566-578
[61.]
J.Y. Blay, A. Le Cesne, for the ESMO Guidelines Working Group.
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors: ESMO Clinical Recommendations for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up.
Ann Oncol, 18 (2007), pp. 27-29
[62.]
S.M. van der Zwan, R.P. DeMatteo.
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor: 5 years later.
Cancer, 104 (2005), pp. 1781-1788
[63.]
M.C. Heinrich, C.L. Corless, G.D. Demetri, C.D. Blanke, M. von Mehren, H. Joensuu, et al.
Kinase mutations and imatinib response in patients with metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor.
J Clin Oncol, 21 (2003), pp. 4342-4349
[64.]
M. Debiec-Rychter, H. Dumez, I. Judson, B. Wasag, J. Verweij, M. Brown, EORTC Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcoma Group, et al.
Use of c-KIT/PDGFRA mutational analysis to predict the clinical response to imatinib in patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumours entered on phase I and II studies of the EORTC Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcoma Group.
Eur J Cancer, 40 (2004), pp. 689-695
[65.]
H. Young, R. Baum, U. Cremerius, K. Herholz, O. Hoekstra, A.A. Lammertsma, European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) PET Study Group, et al.
Measurement of clinical and subclinical tumour response using [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose and positron emission tomography: review and 1999 EORTC recommendations.
Eur J Cancer, 35 (1999), pp. 1773-1782
[66.]
A.D. van den Abbeele, for the GIST Collaborative PET Study Gro OHSU.
F18-FDG-PET Provides Early Evidence of Biological Response to STI571 in Patients with Malignant Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GIST).
Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol, 20 (2001),
[67.]
M. von Mehren.
Beyond imatinib: second generation c-KIT inhibitors for the management of gastrointestinal stromal tumors.
Clin Colorectal Cancer, 6 (2006), pp. S30-S34
[68.]
I. Judson, G. Demetri.
Advances in the treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumours.
Ann Oncol, 18 (2007), pp. 20-24
[69.]
G.D. Demetri, A.T. van Oosterom, C.R. Garrett, M.E. Blackstein, M.H. Shah, J. Verweij, et al.
Efficacy and safety of sunitinib in patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumour after failure of imatinib: a randomised controlled trial.
Lancet, 368 (2006), pp. 1329-1338
[70.]
I.R. Judson, P.G. Casali, C.R. Garrett, M.E. Blackstein, M. Shah, J. Verweij, et al.
Updated results from a phase III trial of sunitinib in advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumor (gist).
Ann Oncol, (2006), pp. 162
[71.]
B.L. Eisenberg.
Combining imatinib with surgery in gastrointestinal stromal tumors: rationale and ongoing trials.
Clin Colorectal Cancer, 6 (2006), pp. S24-S29
[72.]
C.L. Scaife, K.K. Hunt, S.R. Patel, R.S. Benjamin, M.A. Burgess, L.L. Chen, et al.
Is there a role for surgery in patients with “unresectable” cKIT+ gastrointestinal stromal tumors treated with imatinib mesylate?.
Am J Surg, 186 (2003), pp. 665-669
[73.]
C.R. Antonescu, P. Besmer, T. Guo, K. Arkun, G. Hom, B. Koryotowski, et al.
Acquired resistance to imatinib in gastrointestinal stromal tumor occurs through secondary gene mutation.
Clin Cancer Res, 11 (2005), pp. 4182-4190
[74.]
A. Gronchi, M. Fiore, F. Miselli, M.S. Lagonigro, P. Coco, A. Messina, et al.
Surgery of residual disease following molecular targeted therapy with imatinib mesylate in advanced/metastatic GIST.
Ann Surg, 245 (2007), pp. 341-346
[75.]
R.P. DeMatteo, R.G. Maki, S. Singer, M. Gonen, M.F. Brennan, C.R. Antonescu.
Results of tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy followed by surgical resection for metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor.
Ann Surg, 245 (2007), pp. 347-352
[76.]
B.N. Bui, A. Le Cesne, I. Ray-Coquard, F.F. Duffaud, M. Rios, A. Adenis, et al.
Do patients with initially resected metastatic GIST benefit from “adjuvant” imatinib (IM) treatment? Results of the prospective BFR14 French Sarcoma Group randomized phase III trial.
J Clin Oncol, (2006), pp. 9501
[77.]
C.P. Raut, M. Posner, J. Desai, J.A. Morgan, S. George, D. Zahrieh, et al.
Surgical management of advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors after treatment with targeted systemic therapy using kinase inhibitors.
J Clin Oncol, 24 (2006), pp. 2325-2331
[78.]
P. Rutkowski, Z. Nowecki, P. Nyckowski, W. Dziewirski, U. Grzesiakowska, A. Nasierowska-Guttmejer, et al.
Surgical treatment of patients with initially inoperable and/or metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) during therapy with imatinib mesylate.
J Surg Oncol, 93 (2006), pp. 304-311
[79.]
S. Bauer, J.T. Hartmann, M. de Wit, H. Lang, F. Grabellus, G. Antoch, et al.
Resection of residual disease in patients with metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors responding to treatment with imatinib.
Int J Cancer, 117 (2005), pp. 316-325
[80.]
S.J. Sym, M.H. Ryu, J.L. Lee, H.M. Chang, T.W. Kim, H.C. Kim, et al.
Surgical intervention following imatinib treatment in patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs).
J Surg Oncol, 98 (2008), pp. 27-33
[81.]
R.D. Schulick.
Effective neoadjuvant therapy prior to metastasectomy: a new paradigm.
Ann Surg, 245 (2007), pp. 353-354
[82.]
Hohenberger P. Multi-modality therapy. In: GIST Global Opinion Leader Summit (GOLS) 2007. Extending survival with multi-modality approaches in GIST therapy. (e-Newsletter). Ginebra; 2007.
[83.]
R.S. Benjamin, C.D. Blanke, J.Y. Blay, S. Bonvalot, B. Eisenberg.
Management of gastrointestinal stromal tumors in the imatinib era: selected case studies.
Oncologist, 11 (2006), pp. 9-20
[84.]
F.R. Jamali, S.S. Darwiche, N. El-Kinge, A. Tawil, A.M. Soweid.
Disease progression following imatinib failure in gastrointestinal stromal tumors: role of surgical therapy.
Oncologist, 12 (2007), pp. 438-442
[85.]
S.E. Al-Batran, J.T. Hartmann, F. Heidel, J. Stoehlmacher, E. Wardelmann, C. Dechow, et al.
Focal progression in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors after initial response to imatinib mesylate: a three-center-based study of 38 patients.
Gastric Cancer, 10 (2007), pp. 145-152
[86.]
J. Hasegawa, T. Kanda, S. Hirota, M. Fukuda, A. Nishitani, T. Takahashi, et al.
Surgical interventions for focal progression of advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors during imatinib therapy.
Int J Clin Oncol, 12 (2007), pp. 212-217
[87.]
K. Kobayashi, S. Gupta, J.C. Trent, J.N. Vauthey, S. Krishnamurthy, J. Ensor, et al.
Hepatic artery chemoembolization for 110 gastrointestinal stromal tumors: response, survival, and prognostic factors.
Cancer, 107 (2006), pp. 2833-2841
[88.]
T.M. Pawlik, J.N. Vauthey, E.K. Abdalla, R.E. Pollock, L.M. Ellis, S.A. Curley.
Results of a single-center experience with resection and ablation for sarcoma metastatic to the liver.
Arch Surg, 141 (2006), pp. 537-543
[89.]
Clinical management of GIST. Understanding the new para- digms. An educational newsletter including highlights from the 2003 CTOS annual meeting and Helsinki GIST symposium. Novartis Oncology. April 2004.
[90.]
M.A. Maluccio, A.M. Covey, J. Schubert, L.A. Brody, C.T. Sofocleous, G.I. Getrajdman, et al.
Treatment of metastatic sarcoma to the liver with bland embolization.
Cancer, 107 (2006), pp. 1617-1623
[91.]
A.S. Serralta, F.R. SanJuan, A.H. Moya, F.C. Orbis, R. López-Andújar, E.I. Pareja, et al.
Combined liver transplantation plus imatinib for unresectable metastases of gastrointestinal stromal tumors.
Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 16 (2004), pp. 1237-1239
[92.]
H. Lang, K.T. Nussbaum, P. Kaudel, N. Frühauf, P. Flemming, R. Raab.
Hepatic metastases from leiomyosarcoma: A single-center experience with 34 liver resections during a 15-year period.
Ann Surg, 231 (2000), pp. 500-505
[93.]
A.T. van Oosterom, I.R. Judson, J. Verweij, S. Stroobants, H. Dumez, E. Donato di Paola, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcoma Group, et al.
Update of phase I study of imatinib (STI571) in advanced soft tissue sarcomas and gastrointestinal stromal tumors: a report of the EORTC Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcoma Group.
Eur J Cancer, 38 (2002), pp. S83-S87
[94.]
J.Y. Blay, A. Le Cesne, I. Ray-Coquard, B. Bui, F. Duffaud, C. Delbaldo, et al.
Prospective multicentric randomized phase III study of imatinib in patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors comparing interruption versus continuation of treatment beyond 1 year: the French Sarcoma Group.
J Clin Oncol, 25 (2007), pp. 1107-1113
[95.]
G.D. Demetri, J. Desai, J.A. Fletcher, J.A. Morgan, C.D.M. Fletcher, A. Kazanovicz, et al.
SU11248, a multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, can overcome imatinib (IM) resistance caused by diverse genomic mechanisms in patients (pts) with metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST).
J Clin Oncol, (2004), pp. 3001
[96.]
A. Poveda, J. Maurel, J. Martín, V. Artigas, A. Casado, J. Cervera, Grupo Español de Investigación en Sarcomas (GEIS), et al.
Guía de práctica clínica en los tumores estromales gastrointestinales.
Cir Esp, (2005), pp. 78
[97.]
A. Poveda, V. Artigas, A. Casado, J. Cervera, X. García del Muro, J.A. López-Guerrero, Grupo Español de Investigación en Sarcomas (GEIS), et al.
Guía de práctica clínica en los tumores estromales gastrointestinales (GIST): Actualización 2008.
Cir Esp, 84 (2008), pp. 1-21
[98.]
NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology™ Soft Tissue Sarcoma [http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/PDF/sarcoma.pdf] V.3.2007 GIST. Data accesed: February 2008.
[99.]
M. Fiore, E. Palassini, E. Fumagalli, S. Pilotti, E. Tamborín, S. Stacchiotti, et al.
Preoperative imatinib mesylate for unresectable or locally advanced primary gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST).
Eur J Surg Oncol, (2009),
Copyright © 2009. Asociación Española de Cirujanos
