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Vol. 16. Issue 1.
Pages 10-17 (January 2004)
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Vol. 16. Issue 1.
Pages 10-17 (January 2004)
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Efectos de la combinación rosiglitazonaatorvastatina sobre la expresión de genes implicados en la captación y en el eflujo de colesterol en el macrófago
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G. Llaverías, D. Lacasa, M. Alegret1
Corresponding author
alegret@ub.edu

Correspondencia: Dra. Marta Alegret Jordà. Unidad de Farmacología. Facultad de Farmacia. Avda. Diagonal 643. 08028 Barcelona. España
Unidad de Farmacología. Departamento de Farmacología y Química Terapéutica. Facultad de Farmacia. Universidad de Barcelona. Barcelona. España
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Fundamento y objetivo

Las anomalías lipídicas constituyen un importante factor de riesgo cardiovascular en los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. El tratamiento con rosiglitazona, si bien mejora el control de la glucemia y reduce la resistencia a la insulina, produce incrementos moderados en las concentraciones de cholesterol LDL (cLDL) en estos pacientes. Un studio clínico reciente ha demostrado que la terapia combinada con atorvastatina y rosiglitazona resulta altamente beneficiosa, pues la estatina contrarresta el incremento de cLDL producido por la rosiglitazona. El objetivo del presente estudio ha sido determinar el efecto de dichos fármacos sobre la expresión de diversos genes implicados en la captación o en el eflujo de colesterol en el macrófago, con la finalidad de evaluar si el tratamiento combinado resulta beneficioso en las fases iniciales de la formación de la placa de ateroma.

Métodos

Se incubaron macrófagos THP-1 de forma simultánea con 150 fg/ml de LDL acetiladas y los fármacos (atorvastatina 5 yM, rosiglitazona 2 2M o la combinación de ambos) durante 24 h. Los valores de ARNm se determinaron mediante reacción de la transcriptasa inversa acoplada a la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa. Los resultados se expresan como la media ± desviación estándar de 3 experimentos realizados por triplicado.

Resultados

Los niveles de ARNm del receptor msr-1 no resultaron modificados por el tratamiento con atorvastatina; en cambio, el tratamiento con rosiglitazona o con la combinación atorvastatina-rosiglitazona produjo incrementos similares (46 y 39%, respectivamente, p 0,05) en la expresión de este gen. En cuanto al receptor cd36, el tratamiento con atorvastatina produjo una reducción no significativa en los niveles de ARNm, mientras que el tratamiento con rosiglitazona produjo un marcado incremento (68%, p0,05). Al combinar ambosfármacos, se observa una atenuación de la respuesta inducida por rosiglitazona, ya que, aunque existe un cierto incremento en los niveles de ARNm de cd36 (34%), no se llega a alcanzar la significación estadística. Los niveles de ARNm de cla-1, caveolina-1, esterol 27-hidroxilasa, abca1 y abcg1 no resultaron modificados significativamente tras ninguno de los tratamientos.

Conclusiones

Estos resultados sugieren que la combinación de rosiglitazona y atorvastatina puede resultar beneficiosa, ya que atenúa el incremento en la expresión de CD36 producido por rosiglitazona.

Palabras clave:
Rosiglitazona
Atorvastatina
CD36
MSR-1
ABCA1
ABCG1
CLA-1
Caveolina-1
Esterol-27 hidroxilasa
Macrófagos
Background and objective

Lipid abnormalities are a key cardiovascular risk factor in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Rosiglitazone is effective in improving glycemic control and in reducing insulin resistance, but may moderately increase low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels. A recent clinical study has demonstrated that the combination of rosiglitazone plus atorvastatin provides additional benefits, as the statin counterbalances the increase in LDL cholesterol caused by rosiglitazone. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of these drugs on an array of genes related to cholesterol uptake and efflux in the macrophage, with the aim of evaluating whether this combination is beneficial in the initial steps of atherosclerotic plaque formation.

Methods

THP-1 macrophages were simultaneously exposed to acetyl-LDL (150 μg/ml) and the drugs (5 μM atorvastatin, 2 μM rosiglitazone or a combination of both) for 24 h. Relative levels of specific mRNAs were assessed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. The results are expressed as the mean ± SD of 3 experiments.

Results

mRNA levels of the msr-1 receptor were not modified after atorvastatin treatment, while incubation with rosiglitazone or with the combination rosiglitazone-atorvastatin significantly increased expression of this gene (46% and 39%, respectively, p 0.05). On the other hand, cd36 mRNA levels were slightly reduced by atorvastatin, while rosiglitazone caused a significant increase (68%, p 0.05). When macrophages were exposed to a combination of both drugs, the induction caused by rosiglitazone was decreased, achieving only a nonsignificant, 34% increase in cd36 mRNA levels. Finally, none of the treatments modified mRNA expression of cla-1, caveolin-1, sterol 27-hydroxylase, abca1 or abcg1.

Conclusions

These results suggest that a combination of rosiglitazone and atorvastatin may be beneficial, as the increase in CD36 expression caused by rosiglitazone alone is attenuated by atorvastatin.

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