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Inicio Clínica e Investigación en Arteriosclerosis Frecuencia del síndrome metabólico en mujeres posmenopáusicas según el índi...
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Vol. 13. Issue 2.
Pages 54-62 (January 2001)
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Vol. 13. Issue 2.
Pages 54-62 (January 2001)
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Frecuencia del síndrome metabólico en mujeres posmenopáusicas según el índice de masa corporal y la relación cintura/cadera
Frequency of the metabolic syndrome in menopausal women according to body mass index and the waist/hip ratio
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R.I. Coniglioa,
Corresponding author
rconiglio@arnet.com.ar

Correspondencia: Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas. Saavedra, 372. Viedma. Argentina.
, C. Etcheparea, L.A. Vásqueza, O. Colomboa, J. Sellesb, A.M. Salgueiroa, J.C. Oteroa, M.M. Malaspinaa, J. Daruiza, E. Dahintena
a Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas. Viedma. Argentina
b Cátedra Análisis Clínicos II. Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Bahía Blanca. Argentina
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Fundamentos

La obesidad central se asocia con insulinorresistencia, hipertensión arterial e hipertrigliceridemia, configurando un síndrome metabólico que incluye otros factores de riesgo para la aterosclerosis.

Objetivos

Determinar en un grupo de mujeres posmenopáusicas: a) la distribución de los valores del índice de insulinorresistencia, y b) la frecuencia de los parámetros asociados con el síndrome metabólico según el índice de masa corporal (IMC) y la relación entre la circunferencia de la cintura y de la cadera (CC).

Población y métodos

Se estudiaron 58 mujeres de 48 a 67 años, posmenopáusicas naturales y con buena salud. En todas ellas se midieron el peso, la talla y la circunferencia de cintura y cadera, y se calcularon el IMC, el CC y el índice de conicidad. También se determinaron las concentraciones séricas de lípidos y lipoproteínas, apolipoproteína B, ácido único, glucosa e insulina, y se calculó el índice de insulinorresistencia (IR) mediante la fórmula (glucosa en mmol/l) × (insulina en mU/l)/22,5. Se definió el síndrome metabólico cuando los triglicéridos eran iguales o superiorrs a 150 mg/dl, el IR ≥ 3,0 y la presión arterial ≥ 140/90 mmHg o se seguía tratamiento antihipertensivo.

Resultados

La distribución del IR fue asimétrica, y el percentil 75 fue de 3,0. Los percentiles 50 del IMC y CC, utilizados como puntos de corte, fueron de 28,3 kg/m2 y 0,87, respectivamente. El IMC evidenció una correlación significativa con la presión arterial sistólica y diastólica, glucemia, cHDL, logaritmo neperiano (Ln) triglicéridos (TG), ácido úrico, Ln insulina, Ln IR y Ln TG/cHDL. El cociente CC se correlacionó significativamente con la presión sistólica, cHDL, Ln insulina, Ln IR y Ln TG/cHDL; el índice de conicidad sólo se correlacionó con el cHDL. Un análisis de regresión múltiple puso de manifiesto que el mejor predictor para la presión arterial sistólica fue el IMC (r2 ajustado = 0,283; p < 0,001) y para la presión diastólica, el Ln IR (r2 ajustado = 0,199; p < 0,001). La prevalencia global del síndrome metabólico en la población estudiada fue del 8,6%. La tríada de anomalías metabólicas estaba presente en el 21,7% de las mujeres que tenían IMC ≥ 28,3 kg/m2 y CC ≥ 0,87, y en el 0% de aquellas con IMC < 28,3 kg/m2 y CC < 0,87 (p = 0,027). El 39,1% de las mujeres con IMC ≥ 28,3 kg/m2 y CC ≥ 0,87 tenían presentes dos de los factores de riesgo de síndrome metabólico, pero en mujeres con IMC < 28,3 kg/m2 y CC < 0,87 se encontró sólo un 10% (p = 0,029).

Conclusiones

Aunque la muestra poblacional estudiada fue pequeña y los resultados deberían ser confirmados por otros estudios, la elevada frecuencia del síndrome metabólico hallado en las mujeres posmenopáusicas con un IMC ≥ 28,3 kg/m2 y un CC ≥ 0,87 indica la necesidad de controlar los factores predisponentes a disminuir el riesgo cardiovascular.

Background

Central obesity associated with insulin resistance, hypertension, and hyperglucemia constitutes a metabolic síndrome which also includes other risk factors for atherosclerosis.

Objective

To study a group of postmenopausal women and to determine: a) The distribution of values of insulin resistance index (IR), frequency of the parameters associated with the metabolic síndrome according to body mas, index (BMI) and waist-hip circumference (WHR).

Population and methods

58 healthy postmenopausal women aged 56 ± 6 years were studied weight, height, BMI, WHR, and conicity index were measured as well as fasting serun levels of lipids, lipoproteins, apolipoprotein B, uric acid, glucose, and insulin. The IR was calculated using the formula ([Glucose mmol/L] [Insulin mU/L])/22.5. The metabolic síndrome was considered to the present when blood pressure was > 140/90 mmHg or there was antihypertensive treatment, triglycerios (TG) were > 150 mg/dl and IR was > 3.0.

Results

The 75th percentile of IR was 3.0, and the 50th percentile of BMI and WHR were 28.3 kg/m2 and 0.87, respectively, and these were used as cut-off values. We found a significant correlation between BMI and systolic blood pressure (SP), diastolic blood pressure (DP), glucose, HDL-C, Ln TG, uric acid, Ln insulin, Ln IR, and Ln TG/HDL-C. WHR correlated with SP, HDL-C, Ln insulin, Ln IR, and Ln TG/HDL-C, while the conicity index correlated only with HDL-C. Multiple regression analysis pointed to BMI as a good predictor for SP (adjusted r2 = 0.283, p < 0.00001) and Ln IR for DP (adjusted r2 = 0.199, p < 0.0005). The metabolic síndrome was found in 21.7% of the women with BMI > 28.3 kg/m2 and WHR ≥ 0.87 vs. 0% with BMI < 28.3 kg/m2 and WHR < 0.87 (p < 0.027). The prevalence of the metabolic síndrome in the population studied was 8.6%. The concurrence of 2 risk factors was observed in 39.1% of the women with BMI ≥ 28.3 kg/m2 and WHR ≥ 0.87, and only in 10% of those with BMI < 28.3 kg/m2 and WHR < 0.87 (p = 0.029).

Conclusions

Although the population sample was small and the results should be confirmed with other studies, the high frequency of the metabolic síndrome found in postmenopausal women with BMI ≥ 28.3 kg/m2 and WHR ≥ 0.87 indicates the need for controlling predisposing risk factors to reduce cardiovascular risk.

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