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En los últimos años el metabolismo del hierro se ha relacionado con la resistencia a la insulina, con la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y con los procesos de inflamación y estrés oxidativo que contribuyen al desarrollo de arteriosclerosis. Hasta hace bien poco, la sobrecarga férrica se circunscribía a la hemocromatosis y a los trastornos relacionados. El descubrimiento de las mutaciones HFE y un nuevo síndrome denominado sobrecarga férrica asociada a insulinorresistencia han contribuido a ampliar el conocimiento de las repercusiones que este metal posee sobre nuestra fisiología. En este artículo se revisa la influencia del metabolismo del hierro en la etiopatogenia y la expresión de diferentes procesos relacionados con la aterosclerosis y la inflamación. También se aborda el posible papel de las medidas terapéuticas que disminuyen la toxicidad del hierro en la prevención y el tratamiento de la disfunción endotelial, la diabetes mellitus y la aterosclerosis.
Palabras clave:
Hierro
Diabetes mellitus
Inflamación
Estrés oxidativo
Arteriosclerosis
In recent years, iron metabolism has been associated with insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, inflammation and oxidative stress, which probably contribute to the development of atherosclerosis. Until recently, knowledge of iron overload was limited to hemochromatosis and related disorders. The discovery of HFE mutations and a new syndrome of insulin-resistanceassociated hepatic iron overload has contributed to widening possible new roles of this metal in our physiology. In this review, the influence of iron metabolism on the pathophysiology and clinical expression of different processes related to atherosclerosis and inflammation is briefly summarized. The possible role of decreasing iron stores in the therapy and prevention of endothelial dysfunction, type 2 diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis is also reviewed.
Key words:
Iron
Diabetes mellitus
Inflammation
Oxidative stress
Atherosclerosis
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