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Inicio Clínica e Investigación en Arteriosclerosis Hiperlipemia familiar combinada. Criterios diagnósticos y terapéuticos
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Vol. 17. Issue S1.
Hot topics en Arteriosclerosis
Pages 52-58 (May 2005)
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Vol. 17. Issue S1.
Hot topics en Arteriosclerosis
Pages 52-58 (May 2005)
Hot topics en arteriosclerosis
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Hiperlipemia familiar combinada. Criterios diagnósticos y terapéuticos
Familial combined hyperlipidemia. Diagnostic and therapeutic criteria
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E. Meriño Ibarra, P. Martín Fuentes, F. Civeira Murillo
Corresponding author
civeira@unizar.es

Correspondencia: Dr. F. Civeira. Unidad de Lípidos. Servicio de Medicina Interna. Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet. Avda. Isabel la Católica, 1-3. 50009 Zaragoza. España.
Unidad de Lípidos. Servicio de Medicina Interna y Laboratorio de Investigación Molecular. Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet. Zaragoza. España
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Article information

La hiperlipemia familiar combinada (HFC) se caracteriza por hipercolesterolemia y/o hipertrigliceridemia de transmisión dominante y un elevado riesgo cardiovascular.

Aproximadamente un 10% de las familias en nuestro entorno presenta HFC. Sus bases moleculares se desconocen, pero es una enfermedad genética compleja con interacción con el ambiente, sobre todo con dietas hipercalóricas y obesidad. Recientemente se ha descrito un factor de transcripción (USF1) que podría ser el causante de parte del componente genético de la HFC. No hay ningún marcador genético útil en el diagnóstico de la HFC, que se basa en la hipercolesterolemia, la hipertrigliceridemia y la elevación de la apolipoproteína B.

El tratamiento de la HFC debe controlar la dislipemia y los factores de riesgo que se hallan asociados a ella, como la hipertensión arterial y la diabetes. En el tratamiento de la dislipemia, una dieta pobre en grasa saturada y lograr el normopeso son los pilares de la intervención. Cuando fallan, las indicaciones farmacológicas deben basarse en la concentración de colesterol unido a lipoproteínas de baja densidad y no difieren de las indicadas en la población general. Las estatinas son el tratamiento farmacológico de elección, y el fenofibrato o el gemfibrozilo se prescriben en caso de cifras de triglicéridos>500mg/dl.

Palabras clave:
Hiperlipemia familiar combinada
Hiperlipemia mixta
Diagnóstico
Tratamiento

Familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCH) is characterized by dominantly inherited hypercholesterolemia and/or hypertriglyceridemia and elevated cardiovascular risk. Approximately 10% of families in Spain have FCH. Its molecular bases are unknown, but it is a complex genetic disease that interacts with the environment, especially with high calorie diets and obesity. Recently, a transcription factor (USF1) that could be partly responsible for the genetic component of FCH has been described. There is no genetic marker that is useful in the diagnosis of FCH, which is based on hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia and apoB elevation.

The treatment of FCH should control dyslipidemia and its associated risk factors such as hypertension and diabetes. The treatment of dyslipidemia is based on a diet low in saturated fat and achieving normal body weight. When these measures fail, pharmacological indications should be based on low-density lipoprotein (LDL)- cholesterol concentrations and do not differ from those in the general population. The pharmacological treatments of choice are statins and fenofibrate or gemfibrozil when triglyceride levels exceed 500mg/dl.

Key words:
Combined familial hyperlipidemia
Mixed hyperlipidemia
Diagnosis
Treatment
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Copyright © 2005. Sociedad Española de Arteriosclerosis y Elsevier España S.L.
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