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Inicio Clínica e Investigación en Arteriosclerosis Implicación del receptor PPARα en las alteraciones del metabolismo lipídico h...
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Vol. 15. Issue 5.
Pages 184-192 (January 2003)
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Vol. 15. Issue 5.
Pages 184-192 (January 2003)
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Implicación del receptor PPARα en las alteraciones del metabolismo lipídico hepático en ratas viejas
Implication of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α (ppar-α in alterations of hepatic lipid metabolism in elderly rats
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E. Sanguino, M. Ramón, J.C. Laguna1
Corresponding author
laguna@farmacia.far.ub.es

Correspondencia: Dr. Juan C. Laguna. Unidad de Farmacología y Farmacognosia. Facultad de Farmacia. Universidad de Barcelona. Avda. Diagonal 643. 08028 Barcelona. España. Correo electrónico:
Unidad de Farmacología y Farmacognosia. Facultad de Farmacia. Universidad de Barcelona. Barcelona. España
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Introducción-objetivos

Los mecanismos causantes de las alteraciones que se producen con la edad en el metabolismo lipídico no se conocen en su totalidad. El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido determinar posibles alteraciones asociadas al envejecimiento en la expresión y actividad hepatica de los factores PPARαy SREBP-1 en rata macho y estudiar su implicación en los desórdenes lipídicos que se producen con el envejecimiento.

Material y métodos

Se han utilizado ratas macho Sprague-Dawley de 3, 18 y 22 meses de edad. Se obtuvieron muestras plasmáticas para la determinación de valores lipídicos y hormonales, mediante distintos kits comerciales, y muestras de tejido hepático en las que se determinaron: valores relativos de ARNm para PPARα, SREBP-1 y genes diana, mediante la reacción de la transcriptase inversa acoplada a la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa, proteína PPARα y SREBP-1, mediante la técnica de Western-Blot y ensayos de retardación de la movilidad electroforética (EMSA), para estimar la actividad PPAR y SREBP-1.

Resultados

Las ratas macho de 18 y 22 meses presentaron en el ámbito hepático una marcada reducción en la expresión y en la actividad de unión PPARα, sin que se modificara la actividad NFNB. Este reducción iba acompañada de una disminución en la expresión del ARNm de la carnitina-palmitoiltransferasa-I hepática (CPT-I) (64,6 y 56,2%; p 0,01, para los grupos de 18 y 22 meses, respectivamente, frente a los valores del grupo de animales jóvenes), de la 3-hidroxi-3- metilglutaril-CoA-sintasa mitocondrial (18 y 70% para los grupos de 18 y 22 meses, respectivamente, frente a los valores del grupo de animales de 3 meses) y de una acumulación hepática de triglicéridos. Se incrementó de forma moderada la expresión hepática y la actividad de unión del factor de transcripción SREBP-1 (proteína de unión al elemento de respuesta a esteroles-1). Las ratas viejas eran hipercolesterolémicas e hipertrigliceridémicas, presentaban una menor concentración de ácidos grasos libres plasmáticos y valores elevados de insulina (3,4 y 1,9 veces para el grupo de 18 y 22 meses, respectivamente) y leptina (15,8 y 10,8 veces para los grupos de 18 y 22 meses, respectivamente). Los valores de ARNm de ucp2 en hígado, gen cuya expresión ésta regulada por leptina, se vieron reducidos con la edad.

Conclusiones

Los resultados de este trabajo parecen indicar que la reducción en el ámbito hepático en la expresión y en la actividad de union de PPARα desempeña un papel muy importante en las alteraciones del metabolismo lipídico que aparecen con el envejecimiento y que probablemente estén asociadas a un marcado estado de resistencia a la leptina.

Palabras clave:
Triglicéridos
Leptina
L-CPT-I
HMG-CoA-sintasa mitocondrial
Ácidos grasos libres
PPARα
Introduction

The mechanisms underlying alterations in lipid metabolism produced by aging are not completely understood. The aim of this study was to identify the possible changes produced by aging in liver expression and activity of nuclear factors PPAR-α and SREBP-1 in male rats, and their relationship with lipid disturbances produced by old age.

Material and methods

Male Sprague-Dawley rats 3, 18 and 22 month old were used. Plasma samples were obtained and concentrations of lipids and hormones were determined using commercial kits. Hepatic tissue samples were used for determination of mRNA relative levels for PPAR-α, SREBP-1 and target genes by RT-PCR, PPAR-α and SREBP-1 protein by Western-Blot, and PPAR and SREBP-1 binding activities by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA).

Results

The livers of 18- and 22-month old male Sprague-Dawley rats showed a marked decrease in PPAR-α expression and binding activity, with no changes in NFcB activity. Reductions were also found in mRNA expression of carnitine-palmitoyl transferase-I (L-CPT-I) (64.6 and 56.2%; p 0.01, for the 18 and 22-month old groups, respectively, compared with values in the group of young rats), mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase (mHMG-CoA synthase) (18 and 70% for 18- and 22-month-old rats, respectively, compared with values in the group of 3 monthold rats) and hepatic triglyceride accumulation. Liver expression and binding activity of the lipogenic transcription factor sterol response element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) showed a modest increase. Elderly rats were hypercholesterolemic and hypertriglyceridemic and had reduced concentrations of plasma fatty acids and high levels of plasma insulin (3.4 and 1.9-fold in the 18 and 22-month old groups, respectively) and leptin (15.8 and 10.8-fold in the 18 and 22-month old groups, respectively). The mRNA levels of the ucp2 gene, which is under transcriptional control by leptin, were also reduced in liver tissue.

Conclusions

The results of this study suggest that decreased expression and binding activity of hepatic PPAR-α play a prominent role in the production of lipid metabolism disturbances in old age. These changes are probably related to a marked state of leptin resistance.

Key words:
Triglycerides
Leptin
L-CPT-1
Mitochondrial HMG-CoA synthase
Free fatty acids
PPAR-α
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