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Inicio Clínica e Investigación en Arteriosclerosis Mejoría de la disfunción endotelial en individuos con hipercolesterolemia mode...
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Vol. 13. Issue 1.
Pages 1-8 (January 2001)
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Vol. 13. Issue 1.
Pages 1-8 (January 2001)
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Mejoría de la disfunción endotelial en individuos con hipercolesterolemia moderada y enfermedad coronaria tratados con pravastatina
Improvement of endothelial dysfunction in patients with moderate hypercholesterolemia and coronary artery disease treated with pravastatin
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J.F. Mecoa,
Corresponding author
jfmeco@csub.scs.es

Correspondencia: Unidad de Lípidos y Arteriosclerosis. Servicio de Medicina Interna. Hospital Prínceps d’Espanya. Feixa Llarga, s/n. 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat. Barcelona.
, R. Vilab, E. Corbellaa, R. Pujola, M. Ruza tarrioRibasc, X. Pintóa
a Unidad de Lípidos y Arteriosclerosis. Servicio de Medicina Interna. Barcelona
b Servicio de Angiología y Cirugía Vascular. Barcelona
c Servicio de Cardiología. Ciutat Sanitària i Universitària de Bellvitge (CSUB). Barcelona
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Antecedentes

La hipercolesterolemia es un factor de riesgo bien conocido de la enfermedad cardiovascular y está asociado con la disfunción del endotelio arterial. Diversos trabajos han demostrado que la disminución del colesterol en pacientes con concentraciones altas de colesterol unido a lipoproteínas de baja densidad (cLDL) mejora la función endotelial, pero el efecto de tratar los aumentos moderados de colesterol no es bien conocido.

Métodos y resultados

Hemos estudiado el efecto de disminuir el cLDL sobre la función endotelial en pacientes con enfermedad arterial coronaria (EAC) e hipercolesterolemia moderada (cLDL £ 4,9 mmol/l, colesterol unido a lipoproteínas de alta densidad [cHDL] ³ 0,9 mmol/l y triglicéridos £ 2,2 mmol/l). La vasodilatación dependiente del endotelio mediada por variaciones del flujo (DMF) en respuesta a la hiperemia reactiva se midió mediante ecografía de la arteria braquial, antes y después del tratamiento con pravastatina (40 mg/día durante 6 meses) en 10 pacientes con EAC y DMF alterada (<10%). Después del tratamiento con pravastatina el cLDL disminuyó de 3,86 a 2,86 mmol/l (p = 0,016), la apolipoproteína (apo) B de 1,21 a 0,96 g/l (p = 0,041), y el cHDL aumentó de 1,25 a 1,46 mmol/l (p = 0,012). La DMF aumentó después del tratamiento con pravastatina de un 5,23 a un 10,17% (p = 0,028). La función endotelial se normalizó en un paciente (10%), mejoró en cinco (50%) y no sufrió cambios en cuatro (40%). No hubo correlación entre las concentraciones plasmáticas de cLDL y el grado de vasodilatación.

Conclusiones

Estas observaciones indican que en los pacientes con concentraciones moderadamente altas de cLDL y EAC el tratamiento con pravastatina mejora la función endotelial de las arterias braquiales, disminuye las concentraciones de cLDL y de apo B, y aumenta las de cHDL.

Palabras clave:
Disfunción endotelial
Hipercolesterolemia
Colesterol de las LDL
Pravastatina
Enfermedad arterial coronaria
Ecografía arterial
Background

Hypercholesterolemia is a wellknown risk factor of cardiovascular disease which is associated with dysfunction of arterial endothelium. Several studies have shown that cholesterol lowering in patients with high LDL-c levels improves endothelial function, but the effect of treating moderately elevated cholesterol levels is not well known.

Methods and results

We have studied the effect of decreasing LDL-c on endothelial function in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and moderate hypercholesterolemia (LDL-c £ 4.9 mmol/l, HDL-c ³ 0.9 mmol/l and triglycerides £ 2.2 mmol/l). Flow-mediated endothelium-dependent dilation (FMD) in response to reactive hyperemia was measured by means of brachial ultrasound, before and after pravastatin treatment (40 mg daily for 6 months) in 10 patients with CAD and impaired FMD (<10%). After pravastatin therapy LDL-c decreased from 3.86 to 2.86 mmol/l (p = 0.016), apolipoprotein (apo) B from 1.21 to 0.96 g/l (p = 0.041), and HDL-c increased from 1.25 to 1.46 mmol/l (p = 0.012). The FMD increased after pravastatin treatment from 5.23 to 10.17% (p = 0.028). Endothelial function was normalized in 1 (10%) patient, improved in 5 (50%) and did not change in 4 (40%). No correlation was observed between changes in LDL-c and the vasodilation degree before and after pravastatin therapy.

Conclusions

These observations indicate that in patients with moderately increased levels of LDL-c and CAD pravastatin treatment improves endothelial function of brachial arteries, decreases LDL-c and apoB, and increases HDL-c concentrations.

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