metricas
covid
Buscar en
Clínica e Investigación en Arteriosclerosis
Toda la web
Inicio Clínica e Investigación en Arteriosclerosis Mejoría de la disfunción endotelial en individuos con hipercolesterolemia mode...
Información de la revista
Vol. 13. Núm. 1.
Páginas 1-8 (enero 2001)
Compartir
Compartir
Descargar PDF
Más opciones de artículo
Vol. 13. Núm. 1.
Páginas 1-8 (enero 2001)
Acceso a texto completo
Mejoría de la disfunción endotelial en individuos con hipercolesterolemia moderada y enfermedad coronaria tratados con pravastatina
Improvement of endothelial dysfunction in patients with moderate hypercholesterolemia and coronary artery disease treated with pravastatin
Visitas
1694
J.F. Mecoa,
Autor para correspondencia
jfmeco@csub.scs.es

Correspondencia: Unidad de Lípidos y Arteriosclerosis. Servicio de Medicina Interna. Hospital Prínceps d’Espanya. Feixa Llarga, s/n. 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat. Barcelona.
, R. Vilab, E. Corbellaa, R. Pujola, M. Ruza tarrioRibasc, X. Pintóa
a Unidad de Lípidos y Arteriosclerosis. Servicio de Medicina Interna. Barcelona
b Servicio de Angiología y Cirugía Vascular. Barcelona
c Servicio de Cardiología. Ciutat Sanitària i Universitària de Bellvitge (CSUB). Barcelona
Este artículo ha recibido
Información del artículo
Resumen
Bibliografía
Descargar PDF
Estadísticas
Antecedentes

La hipercolesterolemia es un factor de riesgo bien conocido de la enfermedad cardiovascular y está asociado con la disfunción del endotelio arterial. Diversos trabajos han demostrado que la disminución del colesterol en pacientes con concentraciones altas de colesterol unido a lipoproteínas de baja densidad (cLDL) mejora la función endotelial, pero el efecto de tratar los aumentos moderados de colesterol no es bien conocido.

Métodos y resultados

Hemos estudiado el efecto de disminuir el cLDL sobre la función endotelial en pacientes con enfermedad arterial coronaria (EAC) e hipercolesterolemia moderada (cLDL £ 4,9 mmol/l, colesterol unido a lipoproteínas de alta densidad [cHDL] ³ 0,9 mmol/l y triglicéridos £ 2,2 mmol/l). La vasodilatación dependiente del endotelio mediada por variaciones del flujo (DMF) en respuesta a la hiperemia reactiva se midió mediante ecografía de la arteria braquial, antes y después del tratamiento con pravastatina (40 mg/día durante 6 meses) en 10 pacientes con EAC y DMF alterada (<10%). Después del tratamiento con pravastatina el cLDL disminuyó de 3,86 a 2,86 mmol/l (p = 0,016), la apolipoproteína (apo) B de 1,21 a 0,96 g/l (p = 0,041), y el cHDL aumentó de 1,25 a 1,46 mmol/l (p = 0,012). La DMF aumentó después del tratamiento con pravastatina de un 5,23 a un 10,17% (p = 0,028). La función endotelial se normalizó en un paciente (10%), mejoró en cinco (50%) y no sufrió cambios en cuatro (40%). No hubo correlación entre las concentraciones plasmáticas de cLDL y el grado de vasodilatación.

Conclusiones

Estas observaciones indican que en los pacientes con concentraciones moderadamente altas de cLDL y EAC el tratamiento con pravastatina mejora la función endotelial de las arterias braquiales, disminuye las concentraciones de cLDL y de apo B, y aumenta las de cHDL.

Palabras clave:
Disfunción endotelial
Hipercolesterolemia
Colesterol de las LDL
Pravastatina
Enfermedad arterial coronaria
Ecografía arterial
Background

Hypercholesterolemia is a wellknown risk factor of cardiovascular disease which is associated with dysfunction of arterial endothelium. Several studies have shown that cholesterol lowering in patients with high LDL-c levels improves endothelial function, but the effect of treating moderately elevated cholesterol levels is not well known.

Methods and results

We have studied the effect of decreasing LDL-c on endothelial function in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and moderate hypercholesterolemia (LDL-c £ 4.9 mmol/l, HDL-c ³ 0.9 mmol/l and triglycerides £ 2.2 mmol/l). Flow-mediated endothelium-dependent dilation (FMD) in response to reactive hyperemia was measured by means of brachial ultrasound, before and after pravastatin treatment (40 mg daily for 6 months) in 10 patients with CAD and impaired FMD (<10%). After pravastatin therapy LDL-c decreased from 3.86 to 2.86 mmol/l (p = 0.016), apolipoprotein (apo) B from 1.21 to 0.96 g/l (p = 0.041), and HDL-c increased from 1.25 to 1.46 mmol/l (p = 0.012). The FMD increased after pravastatin treatment from 5.23 to 10.17% (p = 0.028). Endothelial function was normalized in 1 (10%) patient, improved in 5 (50%) and did not change in 4 (40%). No correlation was observed between changes in LDL-c and the vasodilation degree before and after pravastatin therapy.

Conclusions

These observations indicate that in patients with moderately increased levels of LDL-c and CAD pravastatin treatment improves endothelial function of brachial arteries, decreases LDL-c and apoB, and increases HDL-c concentrations.

El Texto completo está disponible en PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
J.R. Vane, E.E. Änggard, R.M. Botting.
Regulatory functions of the vascular endothelium.
N Engl J Med, 323 (1990), pp. 27-36
[2.]
T. Kawashima, A. Yashiro, H. Nandate, E. Himeno, Y. Oka, T. Kaku, et al.
Increased susceptibility of angiographically smooth left anterior descending coronary artery to an impairment of vasoresponse to acetylcholine, and the relation between impaired vasoresponse and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level.
Am J Cardiol, 75 (1995), pp. 1265-1267
[3.]
J.A. Vita, C.B. Treasure, E.G. Nabel, J.M. McLenachan, R.D. Fish, A.C. Yeung, et al.
Coronary vasomotor response to acetylcholine relates to risk factors for coronary artery disease.
Circulation, 81 (1990), pp. 491-497
[4.]
H. Drexler, A.M. Zeiher.
Endothelial function in human coronary arteries in vivo. Focus on hypercholesterolemia.
Hypertension, 18 (1991), pp. 90-99
[5.]
O.T. Raitakari, O.P. Pitkänen, T. Lehtimäki, S. Lahdenperä, H. Iida, S. Yla-Herttuala, et al.
In vivo low density lipoprotein oxidation relates to coronary reactivity in young men.
J Am Coll Cardiol, 30 (1997:), pp. 97-102
[6.]
D.S. Celermajer, K.E. Sorensen, V.M. Gooch, D.J. Spiegelhalter, O.I. Miller, I.D. Sullivan, et al.
Non-invasive detection of endothelial dysfunction in children and adults at risk of atherosclerosis.
Lancet, 340 (1992), pp. 1111-1115
[7.]
K.G. Reddy, R.N. Nair, H.M. Sheehan, J.M. Hodgson.
Evidence that selective endothelial dysfunction may occur in the absence of angiographic or ultrasound atherosclerosis in patients with risk factors for atherosclerosis.
J Am Coll Cardiol, 23 (1994), pp. 833-843
[8.]
K.E. Sorensen, D.S. Celermajer, D. Georgakopoulos, G. Hatcher, D.J. Betteridge, J.E. Deanfield.
Impairment of endothelium-dependent dilation is an early event in children with familial hypercholesterolemia and is related to the lipoprotein(a) level.
J Clin Invest, 93 (1994), pp. 50-55
[9.]
K. Egashira, T. Inou, Y. Hirooka, A. Yamada, Y. Urabe, A. Takeshita.
Evidence of impaired endothelium-dependent coronary vasodilatation in patients with angina pectoris and normal coronary angiograms.
N Engl J Med, 328 (1993), pp. 1659-1664
[10.]
P.L. Ludmer, A.P. Selwyn, T.L. Shook, R.R. Wayne, G.H. Mudge, W. Alexander, et al.
Paradoxical vasoconstriction induced by acetylcholine in atherosclerotic coronary arteries.
N Engl J Med, 315 (1986), pp. 1046-1051
[11.]
T. Neunteufl, R. Katzenschlager, A. Hassan, U. Klaar, S. Schwarzacher, D. Glogar, et al.
Systemic endothelial dysfunction is related to the extent and severity of coronary artery disease.
Atherosclerosis, 129 (1997), pp. 111-118
[12.]
A.P. Selwyn, S. Kinlay, M. Creager, P. Libby, P. Ganz.
Cell dysfunction in atherosclerosis and the ischemic manifestations of coronary artery disease.
Am J Cardiol, 79(Supl 5A (1997), pp. 17-23
[13.]
P. Leeson, S. Thorne, A. Donald, M. Mullen, P. Clarkson, J. Deanfield.
Non-invasive measurement of endothelial function: effect on brachial artery dilation of graded endothelial dependent and independent stimuli.
Heart, 78 (1997), pp. 22-27
[14.]
T.J. Anderson, A. Uehata, M.D. Gerhard, I.T. Meredith, S. Knab, D. Delagrange, et al.
Close relation of endothelial function in the human coronary and peripheral circulations.
J Am Coll Cardiol, 26 (1995), pp. 1235-1241
[15.]
P.O. Jr. Kwiterovich, J. Coresh, P.S. Bachorik.
Prevalence of hyperapobetalipoproteinemia and other lipoprotein phenotypes in men (aged £ 50 years) and women (£ 60 years) with coronary artery disease.
Am J Cardiol, 71 (1993), pp. 631-639
[16.]
H.B. Rubins, G. Schectman, T.J. Wilt, M.K. Iwane.
Distribution of lipid phenotypes in community-living men with coronary heart disease. High prevalence of isolated low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
Arch Intern Med, 152 (1992), pp. 2412-2416
[17.]
J. Pekkanen, S. Linn, G. Heiss, C.M. Suchindran, A. Leon, B.M. Rifkind, et al.
Ten-year mortality from cardiovascular disease in relation to cholesterol level among men with and without preexisting cardiovascular disease.
N Engl J Med, 322 (1990), pp. 1700-1707
[18.]
K. Egashira, Y. Hirooka, H. Kai, M. Sugimachi, S. Suzuki, T. Inou, et al.
Reduction in serum cholesterol with pravastatin improves endothelium-dependent coronary vasomotion in patients with hypercholesterolemia.
Circulation, 89 (1994), pp. 2519-2524
[19.]
W.H. Leung, C.P. Lau, C.K. Wong.
Beneficial effect of cholesterol-lowering therapy on coronary endothelium-dependent relaxation in hypercholesterolaemic patients.
Lancet, 341 (1993), pp. 1496-1500
[20.]
ES.G. Stroes, H.A. Koomans, TW.A. De Bruin, T.J. Rabelink.
Vascular function in the forearm of hypercholesterolaemic patients off and on lipid-lowering medication.
Lancet, 346 (1995), pp. 467-471
[21.]
C.B. Treasure, L. Klein, W.S. Weintraub, J.D. Talley, M.E. Stillabower, A.S. Kosinski, et al.
Beneficial effects of cholesterol-lowering therapy on the coronary endothelium in patients with coronary artery disease.
N Engl J Med, 332 (1995), pp. 481-487
[22.]
L.A. Simons, D. Sullivan, J. Simons, D.S. Celermajer.
Effects of atorvastatin monotherapy and simvastatin plus cholestyramine on arterial endothelial function in patients with severe primary hypercholesterolaemia.
Atherosclerosis, 137 (1998), pp. 197-203
[23.]
J. Dupuis, J.C. Tardif, P. Cernacek, P. Théroux.
Cholesterol reduction rapidly improves endothelial function after acute coronary syndromes. The RECIFE (REduction of Cholesterol in Ischemia and Function of the Endothelium) trial.
Circulation, 99 (1999), pp. 3227-3233
[24.]
G. O’Driscoll, D. Green, R.R. Taylor.
Simvastatin, an HMG-coenzyme A reductase inhibitor, improves endothelial function within 1 month.
Circulation, 95 (1997), pp. 1126-1131
[25.]
M. Sabaté, A. Cequier, X. Pintó, J. Alió, J.A. Gómez-Hospital, B. García del Blanco, et al.
Improvement of endothelium-dependent coronary vasomotion by cholesterol lowering in patients with hypercholesterolemia.
Circulation, 92 (1995), pp. 1-40
[26.]
P. Mata, M. de Oya, F. Pérez-Jiménez, E. Ros Rahola.
Dieta y enfermedades cardiovasculares. Recomendaciones de la Sociedad Española de Arteriosclerosis.
Clin Invest Arteriosclerosis, 6 (1994), pp. 43-61
[27.]
J.F. Meco, X. Pintó, J.M. Escribà, M. Vela, F. Jara, C. Pallarés, et al.
Cardiovascular risk factors associated with clinically isolated and diffuse atherosclerosis in Spanish patients with coronary artery disease.
Eur J Clin Invest, 28 (1998), pp. 643-650
[28.]
C.C. Allain, L.S. Poon, C.S. Chan, W. Richmond, P.C. Fu.
Enzymatic determination of total serum cholesterol.
Clin Chem, 20 (1974), pp. 470-475
[29.]
G.R. Warnick, J. Benderson, J.J. Albers.
Dextran sulfate-Mg2+ precipitation procedure for quantitation of high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol.
Clin Chem, 28 (1982), pp. 1379-1388
[30.]
A. Sniderman, B. Teng, M. Jerry.
Determination of B protein of low density lipoprotein directly in plasma.
J Lipid Res, 16 (1975), pp. 465-467
[31.]
K.K. Steinberg, G.R. Cooper, S.R. Graiser, M. Rosseneu.
Some considerations of methodology and standardization of apolipoprotein A-I immunoassays.
Clin Chem, 29 (1983), pp. 415-426
[32.]
W.T. Friedewald, R.I. Levy, D.S. Fredrickson.
Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge.
Clin Chem, 18 (1972), pp. 499-502
[33.]
K.E. Sorensen, D.S. Celermajer, D.J. Spiegelhalter, D. Georgakopoulos, J. Robinson, O. Thomas, et al.
Non-invasive measurement of human endothelium dependent arterial responses: accuracy and reproducibility.
Br Heart J, 74 (1995), pp. 247-253
[34.]
P. Domènech, Banda E De la, J.F. Meco, X. Pintó, R. Vila, F. Martínez-Brotons.
Evolution of atherosclerotic risk factors and endothelial dysfunction in patients with hypoalphalipoproteinemia and coronary heart disease under bezafibrate treatment.
Thromb Haemost, (1999), pp. 730
[35.]
G.S. Gudmundsson, C.A. Sinkey, C.A. Chenard, P.J. Stumbo, W.G. Haynes.
Resistance vessel endothelial function in healthy humans during transient postprandial hypertriglyceridemia.
Am J Cardiol, 85 (2000), pp. 381-385
[36.]
Y. Tsurumi, H. Nagashima, K.I. Ichikawa, T. Sumiyoshi, S. Hosoda.
Influence of plasma lipoprotein(a) levels on coronary vasomotor response to acetylcholine.
J Am Coll Cardiol, 26 (1995), pp. 1242-1250
[37.]
A.M. Zeiher, V. Schächinger, J. Minners.
Long-term cigarette smoking impairs endothelium-dependent coronary arterial vasodilator function.
Circulation, 92 (1995), pp. 1094-1100
[38.]
J.A. Panza, A.A. Quyyumi, J.E. Jr. Brush, S.E. Epstein.
Abnormal endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation in patients with essential hypertension.
N Engl J Med, 323 (1990), pp. 22-27
[39.]
M.T. Johnstone, S.J. Creager, K.M. Scales, J.A. Cusco, B.K. Lee, M.A. Creager.
Impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Circulation, 88 (1993), pp. 2510-2516
[40.]
G. Arcaro, M. Zamboni, L. Rossi, E. Turcato, G. Covi, F. Armellini, et al.
Body fat distribution predicts the degree of endothelial dysfunction in uncomplicated obesity.
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 23 (1999), pp. 936-942
[41.]
D.S. Celermajer, K.E. Sorensen, D.J. Spiegelhalter, D. Georgakopoulos, J. Robinson, J.E. Deanfield.
Aging is associated with endothelial dysfunction in healthy men years before the age-related decline in women.
J Am Coll Cardiol, 24 (1994), pp. 471-476
[42.]
M.P. Schlaich, S. John, M.R. Langenfeld, K.J. Lackner, G. Schmitz, R.E. Schmieder.
Does lipoprotein(a) impair endothelial function?.
J Am Coll Cardiol, 31 (1998), pp. 359-365
[43.]
G.N. Welch, J. Loscalzo.
Homocysteine and atherothrombosis.
N Engl J Med, 338 (1998), pp. 1042-1050
[44.]
K.S. Woo, P. Chook, Y.I. Lolin, A.S. Cheung, L.T. Chan, Y.Y. Sun, et al.
Hyperhomocyst(e)inemia is a risk factor for arterial endothelial dysfunction in humans.
Circulation, 96 (1997), pp. 2542-2544
[45.]
D.A. Cox, M.L. Cohen.
Effects of oxidized low-density lipoprotein on vascular contraction and relaxation: clinical and pharmacological implications in atherosclerosis.
Pharmacol Rev, 48 (1996), pp. 3-19
[46.]
R.E. Schmieder, H.P. Schobel.
Is endothelial dysfunction reversible?.
Am J Cardiol, 76 (1995), pp. 117-121
[47.]
T.J. Anderson, I.T. Meredith, A.C. Yeung, B. Frei, A.P. Selwyn, P. Ganz.
The effect of cholesterol-lowering and antioxidant therapy on endothelium-dependent coronary vasomotion.
N Engl J Med, 332 (1995), pp. 488-493
[48.]
J. Shepherd, S.M. Cobbe, I. Ford, C.G. Isles, A. Ross Lorimer, P.W. Macfarlane, et al.
Prevention of coronary heart disease with pravastatin in men with hypercholesterolemia. The WOS study.
N Engl J Med, 333 (1995), pp. 1301-1307
[49.]
The Long-term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischaemic Disease (LIPID) study group. Prevention of cardiovascular eventsdeath with pravastatin in patients with coronary heart disease and a broad range of initial cholesterol levels.
N Engl J Med, 339 (1998), pp. 1349-1357
[50.]
T.R. Pedersen.
Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S.
Lancet, 344 (1994), pp. 1383-1389
[51.]
W.P. Castelli.
Cholesterol and lipids in the risk of coronary artery disease. The Framingham Heart Study.
Can J Cardiol, 4 (1988), pp. 5-10
[52.]
A. Tamura, Y. Mikuriya, M. Nasu.
Effect of pravastatin (10 mg/day) on progression of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with serum total cholesterol levels from 160 to 220 mg/dl and angiographically documented coronary artery disease. Coronary Artery Regression Study (CARS) Group.
Am J Cardiol, 79 (1997), pp. 893-896
[53.]
J.J. Badimon, V. Fuster, L. Badimon.
Role of high density lipoproteins in the regression of atherosclerosis.
Circulation, 86 (1992), pp. 86-94
[54.]
D.J. Gordon, J.L. Probstfield, R.J. Garrison, J.D. Neaton, W.P. Castelli, J.D. Knoke, et al.
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and cardiovascular disease. Four prospective American studies.
Circulation, 79 (1989), pp. 8-15
[55.]
G.J. Miller, N.E. Miller.
Plasma-high-density lipoprotein concentration and development of ischaemic heart-disease.
Lancet, 1 (1975), pp. 16-19
[56.]
B.M. Rifkind.
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and coronary artery disease: survey of the evidence.
Am J Cardiol, 66 (1990), pp. 3-6
[57.]
P.W. Wilson.
High-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein and coronary artery disease.
Am J Cardiol, 66 (1990), pp. 7-10
[58.]
H.B. Rubins, S.J. Robins, D. Collins, C.L. Fye, J.W. Anderson, M.B. Elam, et al.
Gemfibrozil for the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in men with low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Veterans Affairs High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Intervention Trial Study Group.
N Engl J Med, 341 (1999), pp. 410-418
Copyright © 2001. Sociedad Española de Arteriosclerosis y Elsevier España, S.L.
Opciones de artículo
es en pt

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?

Você é um profissional de saúde habilitado a prescrever ou dispensar medicamentos

Quizás le interese:
10.1016/j.arteri.2019.12.002
No mostrar más