Comparative evaluation of Latanoprostene Bunod, Timolol Maleate, and latanoprost Ophthalmic Solutions to assess their safety and efficacy in lowering intraocular pressure for the management of Open-Angle Glaucoma

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"Carla Gonçalves Schahin" "apellidos" => "Saad" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S180759322200360X?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/18075932/000000750000000C/v1_202211290815/S180759322200360X/v1_202211290815/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:19 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "ORIGINAL ARTICLE" "titulo" => "Comparative evaluation of Latanoprostene Bunod, Timolol Maleate, and latanoprost Ophthalmic Solutions to assess their safety and efficacy in lowering intraocular pressure for the management of Open-Angle Glaucoma" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Yulong Wang, Yue Liao, Xin Nie" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Yulong" "apellidos" => "Wang" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "I" "identificador" => "aff1" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Yue" "apellidos" => "Liao" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "II" "identificador" => "aff2" ] ] ] 2 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Xin" "apellidos" => "Nie" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "NyasiaSantosgjs@yahoo.com" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "I" "identificador" => "aff1" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "*" "identificador" => "cor1" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Department of Ophthalmology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China" "etiqueta" => "I" "identificador" => "aff1" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Department of Pharmacy, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China" "etiqueta" => "II" "identificador" => "aff2" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor1" "etiqueta" => "*" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig2" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 952 "Ancho" => 1495 "Tamanyo" => 92098 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Intraocular pressure measurements. Data are represented as mean±SD. One-way ANOVA following the Tukey test was performed for statistical analysis. *significantly lower than BL. #Significantly lower than LP cohort and TM cohort. BL: Before treatment; EL: At the end of 3 months of treatment; SD: standard deviation; ANOVA: analysis of variance; LP: those who received latanoprost eye drops; LB: those who received latanoprostene bunod eye drops; TM: those who received timolol eye drops p<0.05 and I>3.336 were considered significant." ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "INTRODUCTIONGlaucoma is the third leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Open-angle glaucoma may lead to permanent blindness (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1">1</a>,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib2">2</a>). Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is responsible for glaucoma, and most treatments are designed to reduce IOP (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib3">3</a>). Worldwide, approximately 80 million people have been predicted to have glaucoma by the end of 2020, with 11 million being bilaterally blind. While half of the population with glaucoma in high-income countries is unaware of their disease, this figure is over 90% in low-income countries, particularly in the rural settings (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib4">4</a>).The ultimate goal of glaucoma treatment is to slow down disease progression to a rate in which the patient will not experience a vision-related decrease in quality of life (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib5">5</a>,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib6">6</a>). Glaucoma treatment in developing countries should consider clinical, laser, and surgical approaches. Glaucoma medications do not improve vision, may have important side effects, and are relatively expensive. Thus, compliance can be a major issue, which is related to the level of education and socio-economic status of the patient (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib5">5</a>,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib6">6</a>).Latanoprost, a Prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2α) analog, was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) in 1996 (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib4">4</a>). Latanoprost is a prostanoid selective FP receptor agonist that is believed to reduce IOP by increasing the outflow of the aqueous humor. Studies have suggested that the main mechanism of action is increased uveoscleral outflow. The higher the level of IOP, the greater is the likelihood of the optic nerve damage and visual field loss (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib4">4</a>). The mechanism of action of timolol is through reduction in formation of the aqueous humor in the ciliary body in the eye. It was the first beta-blocker approved for topical use in the treatment of glaucoma in the US (1978) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib7">7</a>).In November 2017, the USFDA approved latanoprostene bunod ophthalmic solution, a nitric oxide-donating prodrug of latanoprost, for lowering IOP(<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib4">4</a>). Latanoprostene bunod is hydrolyzed by corneal esterases to the prostanoid FP receptor agonist latanoprost acid (active metabolite) and butanediol mononitrate, which is further metabolized to 1.4-butanediol and nitric oxide (NO) (active metabolite) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib8">8</a>). Latanoprost acid increases matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP-3, and MMP-9 expression in the ciliary muscles, promoting the remodeling of the extracellular matrix and, subsequently, increases aqueous humor outflow through the uveoscleral pathway (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib8">8</a>,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib9">9</a>). The efficacy of timolol ophthalmic solution in the reduction of IOP has also been reported (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib10">10</a>,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib11">11</a>).A preclinical study reported that latanoprostene bunods have an IOP-lowering effect in patients who do not respond to latanoprost (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib12">12</a>). However, IOP-lowering treatments have safety issues. Timolol has been reported to be safer than latanoprost (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib13">13</a>). Therefore, this study retrospectively compared the efficacy and safety of latanoprost, latanoprostene bunod, and timolol in patients with ocular hypertension or primary open-angle glaucoma.MATERIAL AND METHODSEthics approval and consent to participateThe study protocol was approved by the Medical Council of China and local institutional review board (PHU/CL/15/19 dated October 5, 2019). Informed consent was obtained from each participant before the trial. Data regarding treatment and follow-up of patients were collected from the hospitals for analysis after obtaining approval.Study populationFrom February 15, 2018 to July 12, 2019, 345 patients were seen in the outpatient setting of the parent hospital and referring hospitals with an IOP of ≥21 mmHg. Among them, 104 patients were prescribed latanoprost, 94 patients with latanoprostene bunod, and 115 patients were prescribed timolol maleate for lowering IOP. The data on treatment and follow-up of these 313 patients were included in the analysis (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig1">Fig. 1</a>).<elsevierMultimedia ident="fig1"></elsevierMultimedia>CohortsPatients who received 0.005% w/v latanoprost eye drops once daily in the evening in the affected eye(s) for 3 months were included in the LP cohort (n=104). Those who received 0.0024% w/v latanoprostene bunod eye drops once daily in the evening in the affected eye(s) for 3 months were included in the LB cohort (n=94). Those who received 0.5% w/v timolol maleate eye drops twice daily (morning and evening) in the affected eye(s) for 3 months were included in the TM cohort (n=115).Exclusion criteria<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="celist10"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="celistitem10">1.History of hypersensitivity or contraindications to latanoprost, NO-donating medications, timolol maleate, other β-adrenergic receptor antagonists, or any ingredients in the study drugs</li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="celistitem20">2.Significant corneal surface abnormalities in either eye or other significant ophthalmic disease</li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="celistitem30">3.Patients requiring treatment with ocular or systemic corticosteroids or had an anticipated need to initiate or modify medication that was known to affect IOP</li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="celistitem40">4.Patients who did not want to fill the informed consent and could not be followed-up</li></ul>IOP measurementsIOP was measured in the morning or evening, and the average of three readings was considered for analysis.Safety measurementsSafety measurements included slip-lamp examinations, ophthalmoscopy, and treatment-emergent unwanted issues during the 3 months of treatment.Standardization regarding sleep and medication:Before the 24-h laboratory recording, the patients were instructed to maintain 8 h of regular sleep every day, for a minimum of 7 days. Sleep patterns were verified using a wrist monitor for light exposure, arm movements, and a wake/sleep log. Patients were asked to abstain from alcohol for a minimum of 7 days and regular coffee for a minimum of 2 days before reporting to the laboratory. The 8-h sleep time for each patient in the laboratory was adjusted close to the recorded bedtime in the previous week, and this period was referred to as the nocturnal/sleep period.Measurement of IOP and blood pressure:Measurements of IOP and blood pressure/heart rate were assessed by experienced physicians. IOP was measured using a calibrated pneumatonometer. Topical proparacaine 0.5% was used as the local anesthetic. Each plot of IOP measurement by the pneumatonometer was evaluated according to commonly accepted standards. Blood pressure and heart rate were measured immediately before IOP measurements using an automated arm monitor.Evaluation of adverse effects:Ocular adverse effects were recorded by asking questions, visual inspections, and using the appropriate instruments as applicable. Systematic adverse effects were evaluated by measuring systolic and diastolic blood pressures and heart rate. Normal systolic and diastolic blood pressure values were 160 and 90 mmHg, respectively. The normal heart rate was considered as 80 beats per min (bpm).Statistical analysesSPSS version 25 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA) was used for statistical analysis. Fischer's exact test was performed for ordinal data, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed for numerical data. The Tukey's test was performed for post hoc analysis. The results were considered significant at the 95% confidence level.RESULTSEnrollmentThe study patients' ages ranged from 45 to 65 years, and the male: female ratio was 1:1. Other demographic parameters and clinical conditions are reported in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl1">Table 1</a>. There were no significant differences among the cohorts at the time of initial diagnosis (p>0.05).<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl1"></elsevierMultimedia>EfficacyAt the end of 3 months of treatment, all the enrolled drugs showed a significant decrease in IOP. After 3 months of treatment, latanoprost (24.13±1.12 mmHg vs. 19.45±1.01 mmHg, p<0.0001, q=42.749), latanoprostene bunod (23.98±1.22 mmHg vs. 17.45±1.89 mmHg, p<0.0001, q=43.945), and timolol (24.39±1.65 mmHg vs. 19.68±1.08 mmHg, p<0.0001, q=38.404) were all successful in the reduction of IOP. The LB cohort had the highest reduction in IOP compared to the LP (p<0.0001, q=14.654) and TM cohorts (p<0.0001, q=16.723, <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig2">Fig. 2</a>).<elsevierMultimedia ident="fig2"></elsevierMultimedia>SafetyAll treatments had some common adverse ocular effects. The total ocular adverse effects reported in the TM cohort were less than those in the LP and LB cohorts (p=0.031, <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl2">Table 2</a>).<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl2"></elsevierMultimedia>At the end of 3 months of treatment, timolol showed a decline in heart rate; however, latanoprostene bunod and latanoprost did not affect the heart rate (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl3">Table 3</a>). After 3 months of treatment, latanoprost (77±2 bpm vs. 76±5 bpm, p=0.059) and latanoprostene bunod (76±3 bpm vs. 75±5, p=0.0002, q=2.789) did not decrease heart rate; however, timolol (77±5 bpm vs. 75±1 bpm, p<0.0001, q=6.776) reduced heart rate (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig3">Fig. 3</a>).<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl3"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig3"></elsevierMultimedia>The mean percentage changes from baseline were similar in all three treatment groups for corneal thickness (1.15±0.03, 1.16±0.11, and 1.14±0.08, p=0.193).DISCUSSIONLatanoprost, latanoprostene bunod, and timolol were all successful in reducing IOP after 3 months. Latanoprostene bunod produced a greater reduction in IOP than latanoprost and timolol. Therefore, this study showed that the efficacy of latanoprostene bunod was comparatively higher than latanoprost and timolol, with latanoprostene bunod reaching the target of ≤17.5 mmHg (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib14">14</a>). The results of the study were consistent with previous randomized, double-blinded studies (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1">1</a>,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib6">6</a>) and a preclinical study (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib12">12</a>). Pharmacological therapies in open-angle glaucoma include PG analogs or β-blockers (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib15">15</a>). Latanoprostene bunod is a PG F2a analog with NO-donating moiety and reduces IOP through the trabecular meshwork (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib16">16</a>) and uveoscleral outflow pathway. Latanoprostene bunod is more effective in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma than latanoprost and timolol.This study reported higher ocular adverse events for latanoprostene bunods than for timolol. The ocular adverse events were comparable to those of the randomized, double-blinded studies (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1">1</a>,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib6">6</a>) and randomized crossover clinical trial (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib17">17</a>). Further research is required to decrease ocular adverse effects related to latanoprostene bunod treatment in open-angle glaucoma.Unlike latanoprost and latanoprostene bunods, timolol eye drops decreased heart rate and systolic and diastolic blood pressure at the end of 3 months of treatment. The results of these non-ocular adverse events were not comparable with the randomized, double-blinded studies (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1">1</a>,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib6">6</a>); however, they were comparable with a prospective study (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib18">18</a>) and randomized crossover clinical trial (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib17">17</a>). Timolol is a β-blocker and administration for 3 months led to a systemic effect and decrease in heart rate and blood pressure (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib18">18</a>).In 2016, Weinreb et al. reported that latanoprostene bunod 0.024% demonstrated a significantly greater lowering of IOP than timolol 0.5% administered twice daily over 3 months of treatment (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib19">19</a>).Medeiros et al. concluded in 2016 that the administration of latanoprostene bunod 0.024% daily in the evening was noninferior to timolol 0.5% twice daily over 3 months of treatment, with significantly greater IOP-lowering in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension at all but the earliest time point evaluated, and demonstrated a good safety profile (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib20">20</a>).This study has some limitations. As a retrospective study, there were chances of bias in the selection of patients. A large double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial is required to explore this hypothesis unambiguously. Patients' demographic and clinical conditions can also affect the adverse events during the treatment period; however, the study did not evaluate the effects of such parameters on clinical outcomes.CONCLUSIONSBecause of its novel mechanism of action, latanoprostene bunod was more successful in reducing IOP in patients with open-angle glaucoma than latanoprost and timolol, with manageable adverse events. Latanoprostene bunod is superior to latanoprost and timolol in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma.Future Implication: Large ample size prospective studies are needed to validate that latanoprostene bunod 0.024% medication has the potential to be used as a first-line therapy for patients to reduce IOP, decrease the risk of glaucoma progression, and preserve vision while maintaining their quality of life.AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONSWang Y contributed in Conceptualization (Equal), Data curation (Equal), Investigation (Lead) Methodology (Equal), Project administration (Lead), Supervision (Lead), Writing-review & editing (Lead). Liao Y contributed in Conceptualization (Equal), Data curation (Equal), Formal analysis (Lead), Investigation (Equal), Methodology (Lead), Resources (Lead), Validation (Equal). Xin Nie X contributed in Conceptualization (Lead), Investigation (Equal), Software (Equal), Writing-original draft (Lead)." 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The United States Food and Drug Administration approved latanoprostene bunod, a nitric oxide-donating prodrug of latanoprost, for lowering IOP. This study compared the safety and efficacy of latanoprost, latanoprostene bunod, and timolol maleate in patients with open-angle glaucoma. METHODS:Patients who received latanoprost eye drops once daily in the evening were included in the latanoprost Ophthalmic Solutions (LP) cohort (n=104). Those who received latanoprostene bunod eye drops once daily in the evening were included in the Latanoprostene Bunod (LB) cohort (n=94). Those who received timolol eye drops twice daily were included in the Timolol Maleate (TM) cohort (n=115). All treatments were administered to the affected eye(s) for 3 months. Informed Consent has been taken from each participant before the trial. RESULTS:At the end of 3 months of treatment, latanoprost, latanoprostene bunod, and timolol were all successful in reducing IOP. The LB cohort had the highest reduction in IOP, compared to the LP and TM cohorts. All treatments had some common adverse ocular effects. CONCLUSION:Latanoprostene bunod was superior to latanoprost and timolol for the treatment of open-angle glaucoma." "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "ceabs10" "titulo" => "OBJECTIVES:" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "ceabs20" "titulo" => "METHODS:" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "ceabs30" "titulo" => "RESULTS:" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "ceabs40" "titulo" => "CONCLUSION:" ] ] ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "nota" => "No potential conflict of interest was reported." ] ] "multimedia" => array:6 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig1" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 2064 "Ancho" => 1656 "Tamanyo" => 196643 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Flow chart of the study." ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig2" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 952 "Ancho" => 1495 "Tamanyo" => 92098 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Intraocular pressure measurements. Data are represented as mean±SD. One-way ANOVA following the Tukey test was performed for statistical analysis. *significantly lower than BL. #Significantly lower than LP cohort and TM cohort. BL: Before treatment; EL: At the end of 3 months of treatment; SD: standard deviation; ANOVA: analysis of variance; LP: those who received latanoprost eye drops; LB: those who received latanoprostene bunod eye drops; TM: those who received timolol eye drops p<0.05 and I>3.336 were considered significant." ] ] 2 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig3" "etiqueta" => "Figure 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 952 "Ancho" => 1495 "Tamanyo" => 107071 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Heart rate evaluation. Data are represented as mean±SD. One-way ANOVA following the Tukey test was performed for statistical analysis. *significantly lower than BL. BL: Before treatment; EL: At the end of the 3 months of treatment; SD: standard deviation; ANOVA: Analysis of variance; LP: those who received latanoprost eye drops; LB: those who received latanoprostene bunod eye drops; TM: those who received timolol eye drops p<0.05 and q>3.336 were considered significant." ] ] 3 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl1" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "Ordinal data are presented as number (percentage), and numerical data are presented as mean±SD.Fischer's exact test was performed for ordinal data, and one-way ANOVA was performed for numerical data. p<0.05 was considered significant.SD: Standard deviation; LP: those who received latanoprost eye drops; LB: those who received latanoprostene bunod eye drops; TM: those who received timolol eye drops." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Cohort</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">LP \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">LB \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">TM \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " rowspan="2" align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Comparison between cohorts</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Eye drop</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">0.005% latanoprost \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">0.0024% latanoprostene bunod \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">0.5% timolol \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Patients</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">104 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">94 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">115 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">p-value \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Age (years)</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Minimum \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">45 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">45 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">46 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " rowspan="3" align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.684</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Maximum \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">65 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">64 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">65 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Mean±SD \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">58.42±6.12 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">57.65±6.01 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">57.99±6.44 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Sex</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Male \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">55 (53) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">49 (52) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">53 (46) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " rowspan="2" align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.544</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Female \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">49 (47) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">45 (48) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">62 (54) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Family history</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">9 (9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7 (7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8 (7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.891 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Ethnicity</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Han Chinese \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">93 (89) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">85 (90) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">102 (89) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " rowspan="3" align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.994</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Mongolian \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">10 (10) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8 (9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">12 (10) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Tibetan \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Intraocular pressure (mmHg)</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">24.13±1.12 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">23.98±1.22 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">24.39±1.65 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.089 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Heart rate (bpm)</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">77±2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">76±3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">77±5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.085 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Other demographic parameters and clinical conditions of the stratified patients." ] ] 4 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl2" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:3 [ "leyenda" => "Data are presented as number (percentage).The Fischer's exact test was performed for statistical analysis.p<0.05 was considered significant.LP: those who received latanoprost eye drops; LB: those who received latanoprostene bunod eye drops; TM: those who received timolol eye drops." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Cohort \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">LP \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">LB \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">TM \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " rowspan="2" align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Comparison between cohorts</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Eye drop \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">0.005% latanoprost \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">0.0024% latanoprostene bunod \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">0.5% timolol \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Patients \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">104 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">94 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">115 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">p-value \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Eye irritation \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 (4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 (4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 (2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.529 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Dry eye \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 (2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 (2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.731 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Eye pain \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 (3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 (3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.445 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Conjunctival hyperemia \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 (4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 (3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.340 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Foreign body sensation in eye (s) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 (3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 (2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.546 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Total \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">16 (16) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">14 (14) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6 (6)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#TFN04t02">*</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.031 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] ] ] "notaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "TFN04t02" "etiqueta" => "*" "nota" => "Significantly lower than the LP and LB cohorts." ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Ocular adverse events." ] ] 5 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl3" "etiqueta" => "Table 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:3 [ "leyenda" => "Data are presented as mean±SD.One-way ANOVA following the Tukey test was performed for statistical analysis.BL: Before treatment; EL: At the end of the 3 months of treatment; SD: Standard deviation; ANOVA: Analysis of variance; LP: those who received latanoprost eye drops; LB: those who received latanoprostene bunod eye drops; TM: those who received timolol eye drops.p<0.05 and q>3.336 were considered significant." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Cohort \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="3" align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">LP</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="3" align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">LB</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="4" align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">TM</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Eye drop \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="3" align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">0.005% latanoprost</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="3" align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">0.0024% latanoprostene bunod</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="4" align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">0.5% timolol</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Level \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">BL \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">EL \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">BL \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">EL \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">BL \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">EL \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Patients \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">104 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">104 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#TFN03t03">#</a>p \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">94 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">94 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#TFN03t03">#</a>p \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">115 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">115 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#TFN03t03">#</a>p \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#TFN03t03">#</a>q \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">83±4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">82±4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.073 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">84±3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">83±4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.054 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">85±5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">82±3<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#TFN04t03">*</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><0.0001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7.875 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">123±4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">122±5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.113 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">125±5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">124±4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.132 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">127±4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">123±2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#TFN04t03">*</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><0.0001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">12.452 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] ] ] "notaPie" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "TFN03t03" "etiqueta" => "#" "nota" => "Between BL and EL." ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "TFN04t03" "etiqueta" => "*" "nota" => "significantly lower than BL." ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Effects on blood pressure." ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "REFERENCES" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "cebibsec10" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:20 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Latanoprostene Bunod 0.024% versus Timolol Maleate 0.5% in Subjects with Open-Angle Glaucoma or Ocular Hypertension: The APOLLO Study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => """ RN Weinreb \n \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t """ 1 => """ B Scassellati Sforzolini \n \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t """ 2 => """ J Vittitow \n \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t """ 3 => """ J Liebmann \n \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t """ ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.01.019" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Ophthalmology" "fecha" => "2016" "volumen" => "123" "numero" => "5" "paginaInicial" => "965" "paginaFinal" => 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Yulong WangI, Yue LiaoII, Xin NieI,

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NyasiaSantosgjs@yahoo.com

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I Department of Ophthalmology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China

II Department of Pharmacy, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China

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        "autoresLista" => "Yulong Wang, Yue Liao, Xin Nie"
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          "en" => "<p id="spara20" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Intraocular pressure measurements&#46; Data are represented as mean&#177;SD&#46; One-way ANOVA following the Tukey test was performed for statistical analysis&#46; &#42;significantly lower than BL&#46; &#35;Significantly lower than LP cohort and TM cohort&#46; BL&#58; Before treatment&#59; EL&#58; At the end of 3 months of treatment&#59; SD&#58; standard deviation&#59; ANOVA&#58; analysis of variance&#59; LP&#58; those who received latanoprost eye drops&#59; LB&#58; those who received latanoprostene bunod eye drops&#59; TM&#58; those who received timolol eye drops <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&#60;0&#46;05 and I&#62;3&#46;336 were considered significant&#46;</p>"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="cesec10" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cestitle60">INTRODUCTION</span><p id="para10" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Glaucoma is the third leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide&#46; Open-angle glaucoma may lead to permanent blindness &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1">1</a>&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib2">2</a>&#41;&#46; Elevated intraocular pressure &#40;IOP&#41; is responsible for glaucoma&#44; and most treatments are designed to reduce IOP &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib3">3</a>&#41;&#46; Worldwide&#44; approximately 80 million people have been predicted to have glaucoma by the end of 2020&#44; with 11 million being bilaterally blind&#46; While half of the population with glaucoma in high-income countries is unaware of their disease&#44; this figure is over 90&#37; in low-income countries&#44; particularly in the rural settings &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib4">4</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="para20" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The ultimate goal of glaucoma treatment is to slow down disease progression to a rate in which the patient will not experience a vision-related decrease in quality of life &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib5">5</a>&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib6">6</a>&#41;&#46; Glaucoma treatment in developing countries should consider clinical&#44; laser&#44; and surgical approaches&#46; Glaucoma medications do not improve vision&#44; may have important side effects&#44; and are relatively expensive&#46; Thus&#44; compliance can be a major issue&#44; which is related to the level of education and socio-economic status of the patient &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib5">5</a>&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib6">6</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="para30" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Latanoprost&#44; a Prostaglandin F2 alpha &#40;PGF2&#945;&#41; analog&#44; was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration &#40;USFDA&#41; in 1996 &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib4">4</a>&#41;&#46; Latanoprost is a prostanoid selective FP receptor agonist that is believed to reduce IOP by increasing the outflow of the aqueous humor&#46; Studies have suggested that the main mechanism of action is increased uveoscleral outflow&#46; The higher the level of IOP&#44; the greater is the likelihood of the optic nerve damage and visual field loss &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib4">4</a>&#41;&#46; The mechanism of action of timolol is through reduction in formation of the aqueous humor in the ciliary body in the eye&#46; It was the first beta-blocker approved for topical use in the treatment of glaucoma in the US &#40;1978&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib7">7</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="para40" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In November 2017&#44; the USFDA approved latanoprostene bunod ophthalmic solution&#44; a nitric oxide-donating prodrug of latanoprost&#44; for lowering IOP&#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib4">4</a>&#41;&#46; Latanoprostene bunod is hydrolyzed by corneal esterases to the prostanoid FP receptor agonist latanoprost acid &#40;active metabolite&#41; and butanediol mononitrate&#44; which is further metabolized to 1&#46;4-butanediol and nitric oxide &#40;NO&#41; &#40;active metabolite&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib8">8</a>&#41;&#46; Latanoprost acid increases matrix metalloproteinase &#40;MMP&#41;-1&#44; MMP-3&#44; and MMP-9 expression in the ciliary muscles&#44; promoting the remodeling of the extracellular matrix and&#44; subsequently&#44; increases aqueous humor outflow through the uveoscleral pathway &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib8">8</a>&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib9">9</a>&#41;&#46; The efficacy of timolol ophthalmic solution in the reduction of IOP has also been reported &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib10">10</a>&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib11">11</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="para50" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A preclinical study reported that latanoprostene bunods have an IOP-lowering effect in patients who do not respond to latanoprost &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib12">12</a>&#41;&#46; However&#44; IOP-lowering treatments have safety issues&#46; Timolol has been reported to be safer than latanoprost &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib13">13</a>&#41;&#46; Therefore&#44; this study retrospectively compared the efficacy and safety of latanoprost&#44; latanoprostene bunod&#44; and timolol in patients with ocular hypertension or primary open-angle glaucoma&#46;</p></span><span id="cesec20" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cestitle70">MATERIAL AND METHODS</span><span id="cesec30" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cestitle80">Ethics approval and consent to participate</span><p id="para60" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The study protocol was approved by the Medical Council of China and local institutional review board &#40;PHU&#47;CL&#47;15&#47;19 dated October 5&#44; 2019&#41;&#46; Informed consent was obtained from each participant before the trial&#46; Data regarding treatment and follow-up of patients were collected from the hospitals for analysis after obtaining approval&#46;</p></span><span id="cesec40" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cestitle90">Study population</span><p id="para70" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">From February 15&#44; 2018 to July 12&#44; 2019&#44; 345 patients were seen in the outpatient setting of the parent hospital and referring hospitals with an IOP of &#8805;21 mmHg&#46; Among them&#44; 104 patients were prescribed latanoprost&#44; 94 patients with latanoprostene bunod&#44; and 115 patients were prescribed timolol maleate for lowering IOP&#46; The data on treatment and follow-up of these 313 patients were included in the analysis &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig1">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig1"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="cesec50" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cestitle100">Cohorts</span><p id="para80" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Patients who received 0&#46;005&#37; w&#47;v latanoprost eye drops once daily in the evening in the affected eye&#40;s&#41; for 3 months were included in the LP cohort &#40;n&#61;104&#41;&#46; Those who received 0&#46;0024&#37; w&#47;v latanoprostene bunod eye drops once daily in the evening in the affected eye&#40;s&#41; for 3 months were included in the LB cohort &#40;n&#61;94&#41;&#46; Those who received 0&#46;5&#37; w&#47;v timolol maleate eye drops twice daily &#40;morning and evening&#41; in the affected eye&#40;s&#41; for 3 months were included in the TM cohort &#40;n&#61;115&#41;&#46;</p><span id="cesec60" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cestitle110">Exclusion criteria</span><p id="para90" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="celist10"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="celistitem10"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">1&#46;</span><p id="para100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">History of hypersensitivity or contraindications to latanoprost&#44; NO-donating medications&#44; timolol maleate&#44; other &#946;-adrenergic receptor antagonists&#44; or any ingredients in the study drugs</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="celistitem20"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">2&#46;</span><p id="para110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Significant corneal surface abnormalities in either eye or other significant ophthalmic disease</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="celistitem30"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">3&#46;</span><p id="para120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Patients requiring treatment with ocular or systemic corticosteroids or had an anticipated need to initiate or modify medication that was known to affect IOP</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="celistitem40"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">4&#46;</span><p id="para130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Patients who did not want to fill the informed consent and could not be followed-up</p></li></ul></p></span></span><span id="cesec70" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cestitle120">IOP measurements</span><p id="para140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">IOP was measured in the morning or evening&#44; and the average of three readings was considered for analysis&#46;</p></span><span id="cesec80" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cestitle130">Safety measurements</span><p id="para150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Safety measurements included slip-lamp examinations&#44; ophthalmoscopy&#44; and treatment-emergent unwanted issues during the 3 months of treatment&#46;</p><span id="cesec90" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cestitle140">Standardization regarding sleep and medication&#58;</span><p id="para160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Before the 24-h laboratory recording&#44; the patients were instructed to maintain 8 h of regular sleep every day&#44; for a minimum of 7 days&#46; Sleep patterns were verified using a wrist monitor for light exposure&#44; arm movements&#44; and a wake&#47;sleep log&#46; Patients were asked to abstain from alcohol for a minimum of 7 days and regular coffee for a minimum of 2 days before reporting to the laboratory&#46; The 8-h sleep time for each patient in the laboratory was adjusted close to the recorded bedtime in the previous week&#44; and this period was referred to as the nocturnal&#47;sleep period&#46;</p></span><span id="cesec100" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cestitle150">Measurement of IOP and blood pressure&#58;</span><p id="para170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Measurements of IOP and blood pressure&#47;heart rate were assessed by experienced physicians&#46; IOP was measured using a calibrated pneumatonometer&#46; Topical proparacaine 0&#46;5&#37; was used as the local anesthetic&#46; Each plot of IOP measurement by the pneumatonometer was evaluated according to commonly accepted standards&#46; Blood pressure and heart rate were measured immediately before IOP measurements using an automated arm monitor&#46;</p></span><span id="cesec110" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cestitle160">Evaluation of adverse effects&#58;</span><p id="para180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ocular adverse effects were recorded by asking questions&#44; visual inspections&#44; and using the appropriate instruments as applicable&#46; Systematic adverse effects were evaluated by measuring systolic and diastolic blood pressures and heart rate&#46; Normal systolic and diastolic blood pressure values were 160 and 90 mmHg&#44; respectively&#46; The normal heart rate was considered as 80 beats per min &#40;bpm&#41;&#46;</p></span></span><span id="cesec120" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cestitle170">Statistical analyses</span><p id="para190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">SPSS version 25 &#40;IBM Corporation&#44; Armonk&#44; NY&#44; USA&#41; was used for statistical analysis&#46; Fischer&#39;s exact test was performed for ordinal data&#44; and one-way analysis of variance &#40;ANOVA&#41; was performed for numerical data&#46; The Tukey&#39;s test was performed for post hoc analysis&#46; The results were considered significant at the 95&#37; confidence level&#46;</p></span></span><span id="cesec130" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cestitle180">RESULTS</span><span id="cesec140" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cestitle190">Enrollment</span><p id="para200" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The study patients&#39; ages ranged from 45 to 65 years&#44; and the male&#58; female ratio was 1&#58;1&#46; Other demographic parameters and clinical conditions are reported in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl1">Table 1</a>&#46; There were no significant differences among the cohorts at the time of initial diagnosis &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&#62;0&#46;05&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl1"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="cesec150" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cestitle200">Efficacy</span><p id="para210" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">At the end of 3 months of treatment&#44; all the enrolled drugs showed a significant decrease in IOP&#46; After 3 months of treatment&#44; latanoprost &#40;24&#46;13&#177;1&#46;12 mmHg <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; 19&#46;45&#177;1&#46;01 mmHg&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&#60;0&#46;0001&#44; q&#61;42&#46;749&#41;&#44; latanoprostene bunod &#40;23&#46;98&#177;1&#46;22 mmHg <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; 17&#46;45&#177;1&#46;89 mmHg&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&#60;0&#46;0001&#44; q&#61;43&#46;945&#41;&#44; and timolol &#40;24&#46;39&#177;1&#46;65 mmHg <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; 19&#46;68&#177;1&#46;08 mmHg&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&#60;0&#46;0001&#44; q&#61;38&#46;404&#41; were all successful in the reduction of IOP&#46; The LB cohort had the highest reduction in IOP compared to the LP &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&#60;0&#46;0001&#44; q&#61;14&#46;654&#41; and TM cohorts &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&#60;0&#46;0001&#44; q&#61;16&#46;723&#44; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig2">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig2"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="cesec160" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cestitle210">Safety</span><p id="para220" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All treatments had some common adverse ocular effects&#46; The total ocular adverse effects reported in the TM cohort were less than those in the LP and LB cohorts <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;p</span>&#61;0&#46;031&#44; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl2">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl2"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="para230" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">At the end of 3 months of treatment&#44; timolol showed a decline in heart rate&#59; however&#44; latanoprostene bunod and latanoprost did not affect the heart rate &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl3">Table 3</a>&#41;&#46; After 3 months of treatment&#44; latanoprost &#40;77&#177;2 bpm <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; 76&#177;5 bpm&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&#61;0&#46;059&#41; and latanoprostene bunod &#40;76&#177;3 bpm <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; 75&#177;5&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&#61;0&#46;0002&#44; q&#61;2&#46;789&#41; did not decrease heart rate&#59; however&#44; timolol &#40;77&#177;5 bpm <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; 75&#177;1 bpm&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&#60;0&#46;0001&#44; q&#61;6&#46;776&#41; reduced heart rate &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig3">Fig&#46; 3</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl3"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig3"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="para240" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The mean percentage changes from baseline were similar in all three treatment groups for corneal thickness &#40;1&#46;15&#177;0&#46;03&#44; 1&#46;16&#177;0&#46;11&#44; and 1&#46;14&#177;0&#46;08&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&#61;0&#46;193&#41;&#46;</p></span></span><span id="cesec170" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cestitle220">DISCUSSION</span><p id="para250" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Latanoprost&#44; latanoprostene bunod&#44; and timolol were all successful in reducing IOP after 3 months&#46; Latanoprostene bunod produced a greater reduction in IOP than latanoprost and timolol&#46; Therefore&#44; this study showed that the efficacy of latanoprostene bunod was comparatively higher than latanoprost and timolol&#44; with latanoprostene bunod reaching the target of &#8804;17&#46;5 mmHg &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib14">14</a>&#41;&#46; The results of the study were consistent with previous randomized&#44; double-blinded studies &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1">1</a>&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib6">6</a>&#41; and a preclinical study &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib12">12</a>&#41;&#46; Pharmacological therapies in open-angle glaucoma include PG analogs or <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#946;</span>-blockers &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib15">15</a>&#41;&#46; Latanoprostene bunod is a PG F2a analog with NO-donating moiety and reduces IOP through the trabecular meshwork &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib16">16</a>&#41; and uveoscleral outflow pathway&#46; Latanoprostene bunod is more effective in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma than latanoprost and timolol&#46;</p><p id="para260" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study reported higher ocular adverse events for latanoprostene bunods than for timolol&#46; The ocular adverse events were comparable to those of the randomized&#44; double-blinded studies &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1">1</a>&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib6">6</a>&#41; and randomized crossover clinical trial &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib17">17</a>&#41;&#46; Further research is required to decrease ocular adverse effects related to latanoprostene bunod treatment in open-angle glaucoma&#46;</p><p id="para270" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Unlike latanoprost and latanoprostene bunods&#44; timolol eye drops decreased heart rate and systolic and diastolic blood pressure at the end of 3 months of treatment&#46; The results of these non-ocular adverse events were not comparable with the randomized&#44; double-blinded studies &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1">1</a>&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib6">6</a>&#41;&#59; however&#44; they were comparable with a prospective study &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib18">18</a>&#41; and randomized crossover clinical trial &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib17">17</a>&#41;&#46; Timolol is a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#946;</span>-blocker and administration for 3 months led to a systemic effect and decrease in heart rate and blood pressure &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib18">18</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="para280" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In 2016&#44; Weinreb et al&#46; reported that latanoprostene bunod 0&#46;024&#37; demonstrated a significantly greater lowering of IOP than timolol 0&#46;5&#37; administered twice daily over 3 months of treatment &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib19">19</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="para290" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Medeiros et al&#46; concluded in 2016 that the administration of latanoprostene bunod 0&#46;024&#37; daily in the evening was noninferior to timolol 0&#46;5&#37; twice daily over 3 months of treatment&#44; with significantly greater IOP-lowering in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension at all but the earliest time point evaluated&#44; and demonstrated a good safety profile &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib20">20</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="para300" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study has some limitations&#46; As a retrospective study&#44; there were chances of bias in the selection of patients&#46; A large double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial is required to explore this hypothesis unambiguously&#46; Patients&#39; demographic and clinical conditions can also affect the adverse events during the treatment period&#59; however&#44; the study did not evaluate the effects of such parameters on clinical outcomes&#46;</p></span><span id="cesec180" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cestitle230">CONCLUSIONS</span><p id="para310" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Because of its novel mechanism of action&#44; latanoprostene bunod was more successful in reducing IOP in patients with open-angle glaucoma than latanoprost and timolol&#44; with manageable adverse events&#46; Latanoprostene bunod is superior to latanoprost and timolol in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma&#46;</p><p id="para320" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Future Implication&#58; Large ample size prospective studies are needed to validate that latanoprostene bunod 0&#46;024&#37; medication has the potential to be used as a first-line therapy for patients to reduce IOP&#44; decrease the risk of glaucoma progression&#44; and preserve vision while maintaining their quality of life&#46;</p></span><span id="cesec190" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cestitle240">AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS</span><p id="para330" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Wang Y contributed in Conceptualization &#40;Equal&#41;&#44; Data curation &#40;Equal&#41;&#44; Investigation &#40;Lead&#41; Methodology &#40;Equal&#41;&#44; Project administration &#40;Lead&#41;&#44; Supervision &#40;Lead&#41;&#44; Writing-review &#38; editing &#40;Lead&#41;&#46; Liao Y contributed in Conceptualization &#40;Equal&#41;&#44; Data curation &#40;Equal&#41;&#44; Formal analysis &#40;Lead&#41;&#44; Investigation &#40;Equal&#41;&#44; Methodology &#40;Lead&#41;&#44; Resources &#40;Lead&#41;&#44; Validation &#40;Equal&#41;&#46; Xin Nie X contributed in Conceptualization &#40;Lead&#41;&#44; Investigation &#40;Equal&#41;&#44; Software &#40;Equal&#41;&#44; Writing-original draft &#40;Lead&#41;&#46;</p></span></span>"
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                  "titulo" => "Measurement of IOP and blood pressure&#58;"
                ]
                2 => array:2 [
                  "identificador" => "cesec110"
                  "titulo" => "Evaluation of adverse effects&#58;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "cesec120"
              "titulo" => "Statistical analyses"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        3 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "cesec130"
          "titulo" => "RESULTS"
          "secciones" => array:3 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "cesec140"
              "titulo" => "Enrollment"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "cesec150"
              "titulo" => "Efficacy"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "cesec160"
              "titulo" => "Safety"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        4 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "cesec170"
          "titulo" => "DISCUSSION"
        ]
        5 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "cesec180"
          "titulo" => "CONCLUSIONS"
        ]
        6 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "cesec190"
          "titulo" => "AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS"
        ]
        7 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xack638127"
          "titulo" => "ACKNOWLEDGMENTS"
        ]
        8 => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "REFERENCES"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2020-04-01"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2020-07-24"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:1 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "KEYWORDS"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1580135"
          "palabras" => array:5 [
            0 => "Intraocular Pressure"
            1 => "Latanoprost"
            2 => "Latanoprostene Bunod"
            3 => "Open-Angle Glaucoma"
            4 => "Timolol"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:1 [
      "en" => array:2 [
        "resumen" => "<span id="ceabs10" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cestitle10">OBJECTIVES&#58;</span><p id="spara70" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Timolol maleate has been reported to be a safer intraocular pressure &#40;IOP&#41; lowering treatment than latanoprost&#46; The United States Food and Drug Administration approved latanoprostene bunod&#44; a nitric oxide-donating prodrug of latanoprost&#44; for lowering IOP&#46; This study compared the safety and efficacy of latanoprost&#44; latanoprostene bunod&#44; and timolol maleate in patients with open-angle glaucoma&#46;</p></span> <span id="ceabs20" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cestitle20">METHODS&#58;</span><p id="spara80" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Patients who received latanoprost eye drops once daily in the evening were included in the latanoprost Ophthalmic Solutions &#40;LP&#41; cohort &#40;n&#61;104&#41;&#46; Those who received latanoprostene bunod eye drops once daily in the evening were included in the Latanoprostene Bunod &#40;LB&#41; cohort &#40;n&#61;94&#41;&#46; Those who received timolol eye drops twice daily were included in the Timolol Maleate &#40;TM&#41; cohort &#40;n&#61;115&#41;&#46; All treatments were administered to the affected eye&#40;s&#41; for 3 months&#46; Informed Consent has been taken from each participant before the trial&#46;</p></span> <span id="ceabs30" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cestitle30">RESULTS&#58;</span><p id="spara90" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">At the end of 3 months of treatment&#44; latanoprost&#44; latanoprostene bunod&#44; and timolol were all successful in reducing IOP&#46; The LB cohort had the highest reduction in IOP&#44; compared to the LP and TM cohorts&#46; All treatments had some common adverse ocular effects&#46;</p></span> <span id="ceabs40" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cestitle40">CONCLUSION&#58;</span><p id="spara100" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Latanoprostene bunod was superior to latanoprost and timolol for the treatment of open-angle glaucoma&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "ceabs10"
            "titulo" => "OBJECTIVES&#58;"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "ceabs20"
            "titulo" => "METHODS&#58;"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "ceabs30"
            "titulo" => "RESULTS&#58;"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "ceabs40"
            "titulo" => "CONCLUSION&#58;"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "NotaPie" => array:1 [
      0 => array:1 [
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="cenpara40">No potential conflict of interest was reported&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "multimedia" => array:6 [
      0 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig1"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 2064
            "Ancho" => 1656
            "Tamanyo" => 196643
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spara10" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Flow chart of the study&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig2"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 952
            "Ancho" => 1495
            "Tamanyo" => 92098
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spara20" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Intraocular pressure measurements&#46; Data are represented as mean&#177;SD&#46; One-way ANOVA following the Tukey test was performed for statistical analysis&#46; &#42;significantly lower than BL&#46; &#35;Significantly lower than LP cohort and TM cohort&#46; BL&#58; Before treatment&#59; EL&#58; At the end of 3 months of treatment&#59; SD&#58; standard deviation&#59; ANOVA&#58; analysis of variance&#59; LP&#58; those who received latanoprost eye drops&#59; LB&#58; those who received latanoprostene bunod eye drops&#59; TM&#58; those who received timolol eye drops <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&#60;0&#46;05 and I&#62;3&#46;336 were considered significant&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      2 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig3"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 3"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 952
            "Ancho" => 1495
            "Tamanyo" => 107071
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spara30" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Heart rate evaluation&#46; Data are represented as mean&#177;SD&#46; One-way ANOVA following the Tukey test was performed for statistical analysis&#46; &#42;significantly lower than BL&#46; BL&#58; Before treatment&#59; EL&#58; At the end of the 3 months of treatment&#59; SD&#58; standard deviation&#59; ANOVA&#58; Analysis of variance&#59; LP&#58; those who received latanoprost eye drops&#59; LB&#58; those who received latanoprostene bunod eye drops&#59; TM&#58; those who received timolol eye drops <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&#60;0&#46;05 and q&#62;3&#46;336 were considered significant&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      3 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl1"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="TFN01t01" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Ordinal data are presented as number &#40;percentage&#41;&#44; and numerical data are presented as mean&#177;SD&#46;</p><p id="TFN02t01" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Fischer&#39;s exact test was performed for ordinal data&#44; and one-way ANOVA was performed for numerical data&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&#60;0&#46;05 was considered significant&#46;</p><p id="TFN03t01" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">SD&#58; Standard deviation&#59; LP&#58; those who received latanoprost eye drops&#59; LB&#58; those who received latanoprostene bunod eye drops&#59; TM&#58; those who received timolol eye drops&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:1 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Cohort</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">LP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">LB&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">TM&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Comparison between cohorts</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Eye drop</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">0&#46;005&#37; latanoprost&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">0&#46;0024&#37; latanoprostene bunod&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">0&#46;5&#37; timolol&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Patients</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">104&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">94&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">115&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-value&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Age &#40;years&#41;</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Minimum&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">45&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">45&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">46&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="3" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;684</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Maximum&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">65&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">64&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">65&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Mean&#177;SD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">58&#46;42&#177;6&#46;12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">57&#46;65&#177;6&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">57&#46;99&#177;6&#46;44&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Sex</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Male&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">55 &#40;53&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">49 &#40;52&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">53 &#40;46&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;544</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Female&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">49 &#40;47&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">45 &#40;48&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">62 &#40;54&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Family history</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9 &#40;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7 &#40;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8 &#40;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;891&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ethnicity</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Han Chinese&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">93 &#40;89&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">85 &#40;90&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">102 &#40;89&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="3" align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;994</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Mongolian&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10 &#40;10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8 &#40;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12 &#40;10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Tibetan&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Intraocular pressure &#40;mmHg&#41;</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">24&#46;13&#177;1&#46;12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">23&#46;98&#177;1&#46;22&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">24&#46;39&#177;1&#46;65&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;089&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Heart rate &#40;bpm&#41;</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">77&#177;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">76&#177;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">77&#177;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;085&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spara40" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Other demographic parameters and clinical conditions of the stratified patients&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      4 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl2"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:3 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="TFN01t02" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Data are presented as number &#40;percentage&#41;&#46;</p><p id="TFN02t02" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The Fischer&#39;s exact test was performed for statistical analysis&#46;</p><p id="TFN03t02" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&#60;0&#46;05 was considered significant&#46;</p><p id="TFN05t02" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">LP&#58; those who received latanoprost eye drops&#59; LB&#58; those who received latanoprostene bunod eye drops&#59; TM&#58; those who received timolol eye drops&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:1 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Cohort&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">LP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">LB&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">TM&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Comparison between cohorts</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Eye drop&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">0&#46;005&#37; latanoprost&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">0&#46;0024&#37; latanoprostene bunod&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">0&#46;5&#37; timolol&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Patients&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">104&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">94&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">115&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-value&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Eye irritation&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;529&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Dry eye&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;731&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Eye pain&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;445&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Conjunctival hyperemia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;340&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Foreign body sensation in eye &#40;s&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;546&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Total&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">16 &#40;16&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14 &#40;14&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6 &#40;6&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#TFN04t02">&#42;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;031&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
            ]
          ]
          "notaPie" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "TFN04t02"
              "etiqueta" => "&#42;"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="cenpara10">Significantly lower than the LP and LB cohorts&#46;</p>"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spara50" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Ocular adverse events&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      5 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl3"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 3"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="TFN01t03" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Data are presented as mean&#177;SD&#46;</p><p id="TFN02t03" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">One-way ANOVA following the Tukey test was performed for statistical analysis&#46;</p><p id="TFN05t03" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">BL&#58; Before treatment&#59; EL&#58; At the end of the 3 months of treatment&#59; SD&#58; Standard deviation&#59; ANOVA&#58; Analysis of variance&#59; LP&#58; those who received latanoprost eye drops&#59; LB&#58; those who received latanoprostene bunod eye drops&#59; TM&#58; those who received timolol eye drops&#46;</p><p id="TFN06t03" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&#60;0&#46;05 and q&#62;3&#46;336 were considered significant&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">94&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#TFN03t03">&#35;</a><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">115&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">115&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Diastolic blood pressure &#40;mmHg&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">83&#177;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;054&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">82&#177;3<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#TFN04t03">&#42;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Systolic blood pressure &#40;mmHg&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;113&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                      "titulo" => "Latanoprostene Bunod 0&#46;024&#37; versus Timolol Maleate 0&#46;5&#37; in Subjects with Open-Angle Glaucoma or Ocular Hypertension&#58; The APOLLO Study"
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                            0 => """
                              RN Weinreb \n
                              \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
                              """
                            1 => """
                              B Scassellati Sforzolini \n
                              \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
                              """
                            2 => """
                              J Vittitow \n
                              \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
                              """
                            3 => """
                              J Liebmann \n
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Article information

ISSN: 18075932
Original language: English

DOI:10.6061/clinics/2020/e1874

The statistics are updated each day

Year/Month	Html	Pdf	Total

2024 November	6	0	6
2024 October	90	40	130
2024 September	55	29	84
2024 August	48	30	78
2024 July	44	14	58
2024 June	26	13	39
2024 May	38	19	57
2024 April	48	13	61
2024 March	69	20	89
2024 February	59	19	78
2024 January	82	12	94
2023 December	56	20	76
2023 November	58	27	85
2023 October	85	28	113
2023 September	32	25	57
2023 August	45	7	52
2023 July	49	23	72
2023 June	34	5	39
2023 May	35	2	37
2023 April	17	6	23
2023 March	27	3	30
2023 February	17	8	25
2023 January	4	1	5
2022 December	7	1	8
2022 November	1	0	1

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