Mean platelet volume is associated with disease severity in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

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"etiqueta" => "I" "identificador" => "aff1" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital, Department of Pulmonology, Çukurova/Adana, Turkey." "etiqueta" => "II" "identificador" => "aff2" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Antalya Numune Training and Research Hospital, Department of Pulmonology, Antalya, Turkey." "etiqueta" => "III" "identificador" => "aff3" ] 3 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Kafkas University School of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Kars, Turkey." "etiqueta" => "IV" "identificador" => "aff4" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor1" "etiqueta" => "*" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author:" ] ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "INTRODUCTIONObstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) is a common sleep-related respiratory disorder that is characterized by repeated episodes of apnea and hypopnea due to intermittent upper airway obstruction. OSA, which is associated with repetitive nocturnal arterial oxygen desaturation and hypercapnia as well as with alterations in systemic and pulmonary arterial pressure <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1">1</a> is a highly prevalent illness that affects 4% of middle-aged men and 2% of middle-aged women <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib2">2</a>. Furthermore, OSA is well known as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and hypertension (HT) <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1">1</a>,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib3">3</a>. Several possible mechanisms such as sympathetic nervous system activation, endothelial dysfunction, intermittent hypoxia, oxidative stress and inflammation explain the increased CVD prevalence in OSA patients <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib4">4</a>. Although augmented hypercoagulability has been demonstrated in OSA patients who are not receiving continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib5">5</a>, the exact mechanism that drives the association between OSA and hypercoagulability is unknown. Moreover, few studies have investigated the association between OSA severity and hypercoagulability <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib6">6</a>. In a previous study, OSA was found to be associated with both arterial and venous thromboembolism <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib7">7</a>.The mean platelet volume (MPV) is a marker of thrombocyte activation and plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of CVDs <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib8">8</a>,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib9">9</a>. Larger platelets contain more granules and thromboxane A2 and express more glycoprotein Ib and IIb/IIIa receptors; these platelets thus aggregate more quickly and strongly to collagen, possibly leading to increased thromboembolic events <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib10">10</a>–<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib12">12</a>.Increased MPVs have been found in hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, acute myocardial infarction and acute ischemic stroke <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib11">11</a>. Although a few studies have reported a relationship between OSA and increased platelet activation <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib15">15</a>,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib16">16</a>, the number of studies investigating the association between OSA and MPV is limited <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib17">17</a>,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib18">18</a>. The main purpose of the present study is to investigate the association between the MPV and the OSA severity in patients without CVD or hypertension and who do not take any medications that may affect platelet functions.METHODSSubjects who were clinically suspected of having sleep-related disorders (severe snoring, daytime sleepiness, and witnessed apnea) and who underwent a sleep test between March 2012 and July 2014 were prospectively enrolled in our study. A total of 194 patients (148 males; mean age 56.5±12.5 years) with an AHI≥5 were included. All of the data were collected prior to the administration of any treatment for OSA. After collecting a detailed medical history and performing a complete physical examination, each participant was questioned regarding major cardiovascular risk factors, including age, sex, diabetes mellitus (DM), smoking status and hypertension (HT). Additionally, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and initial heart rate were recorded. Each of the patients underwent electrocardiography (ECG) and comprehensive transthoracic echocardiography. Patients with atherosclerotic heart disease such as coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular accident and peripheral vascular disease, heart failure, diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia and patients who were taking medications associated with these conditions were excluded. Patients with central sleep apnea syndrome, upper airway resistant syndrome, narcolepsy, or movement disorder were excluded. Patients using any drug (such as aspirin, clopidogrel, dipyridamole, heparin, aminophylline, verapamil, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroid, furosemide, antibiotics, and alcohol) that could affect platelet function were also excluded. Informed consent was obtained for each participant, and the local ethics committee approved the study protocol.OSA diagnosis of and sleep testingAn overnight full laboratory polysomnography examination was conducted on each subject. All sleep recordings (E-Series, Compumedics, Melbourne, Australia) included electroencephalography, electrooculography, submental electromyography, and oxygen saturation (pulse oximetry), respiratory movement (inductance plethysmography), and nasal and oral airflow measurements. Sleep staging and sleep-disordered breathing were subsequently scored using standard techniques <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib19">19</a> but with all hypopneas including a mandatory minimum 4% oxygen desaturation. The average numbers of apnea and hypopnea episodes per hour of sleep were measured as the AHI. Patients were classified into 3 separate groups to determine the OSA severity according to their AHI scores, as follows: AHImild group (5moderate group (15≤AHI<30), and AHIsevere group (AHI≥30).EchocardiographyAll echocardiographic examinations were performed using commercially available equipment (Vivid-7; GE Vingmed Sound, Horten, Norway) with a 2.5–3.5 MHz transducer. A single echocardiographer who was blinded to the patients′ clinical and laboratory data interpreted each echocardiographic examination independently. Simultaneous ECG recordings were also obtained. All patients were examined at rest in the left lateral decubitus position. Echocardiographic techniques and calculations of different cardiac dimensions were performed in accordance with the recommendations of the American Society of Echocardiography. The left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) was calculated using a modified Simpson's rule technique <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib20">20</a>.Laboratory AnalysisFasting venous blood samples on admission were obtained from all patients to determine their plasma fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride, creatinine, and high-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) levels and blood counts. Blood samples were collected through the brachial vein into tubes containing dipotassium EDTA. Serum creatinine, fasting glucose, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and lipid profiles were measured using an autoanalyzer (Roche Diagnostics Modular Systems, Tokyo, Japan). To measure hematologic parameters, platelet counts and MPVs, samples were analyzed within 20 minutes after collection using a Sysmex XT 1800i automated hematology analyzer (Roche Diagnostics, Shanghai, China). For the MPV, the cut-off value was 9–13 fL, and the intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation (CVs) were below 4.1% and 7.1%, respectively.Statistical AnalysisAll analyses were conducted using SPSS 17.0 (SPSS for Windows 17.0, Chicago, IL, USA). Data were expressed as the mean ± SD. A comparison of categorical variables between groups was performed using a chi-square test. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to analyze continuous variables between the AHI groups. Normality analysis was performed using a Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. Associations between other variables and the AHI were assessed by Pearson's correlation coefficient. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to identify independent associations of the AHI by including the parameters that were correlated with the AHI in the bivariate analysis. Standardized β regression coefficients and their significance according to multiple linear regression analysis were reported. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTSA total of 194 patients who fulfilled the selection criteria were included in the analysis. The patients were divided into three groups according to their corresponding AHI values: (a) AHImild group, 62 patients (5moderate group, 61 patients (15≤AHI<30); and (c) AHIsevere group, 71 patients (30≤AHI). The mean AHI values were 9.0±2.7, 22.9±4.0 and 56.6±20.1 for the mild, moderate and severe groups, respectively. Of the 194 participants, 148 (76%) were men, and 46 (24%) were women; the mean age was 56.5 ± 12.5 years. No significant differences were found between the groups in terms of age and sex.Baseline characteristicsBody mass index (BMI) was higher in the AHIsevere group than in the AHImoderate and AHImild groups (p<0.05 for both). Additionally, systolic blood pressure was higher in the AHImoderate and AHIsevere groups compared with the AHImild group (p<0.05 for both).Laboratory findingsTotal cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and hs-CRP levels were higher in the AHIsevere group compared with the AHImoderate and AHImild groups (p<0.05 for all). Platelet counts were lower in the AHImild group than in the AHImoderate and AHIsevere groups (p<0.05 for both). The highest MPVs were observed in the AHIsevere group compared with the AHImoderate and AHImild groups (p<0.05 for all). Moreover, the MPV was higher in the AHImoderate group than in the AHImild group (p<0.05). MPVs according to the AHI groups are shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl1">Table 1</a>.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl1"></elsevierMultimedia>Sleep test findingsHigher oxygen desaturation index (ODI) values were observed in the AHIsevere group than in the AHImoderate and AHImild groups (p<0.05 for both).Bivariate and multivariate relationships of the mean platelet volumeAccording to the results of bivariate analysis, the MPV was associated with the BMI (r=0.167, p=0.020), SBP (r=0.355, p<0.001), total cholesterol levels (r=0.224, p=0.002), hs-CRP levels (r=0.189, p=0.011), the platelet count (r=−0.360, p<0.001), the ODI (r=0.557, p<0.001) and the AHI (r=0.683, p<0.001). The relationship between the AHI and MPV is shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl2">Table 2</a>.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl2"></elsevierMultimedia>Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the MPV was associated with hs-CRP levels (β=0.194, p=0.010), the platelet count (β=−0.188, p=0.014) and the AHI (β=0.500, p<0.001).DISCUSSIONThe present study shows that MPV is independently associated with both the disease severity, as indicated by the AHI, and inflammation in OSA patients. Our study also suggests that MPV might play a role in thromboembolic events in OSA patients with severe AHI.Although several previous studies have demonstrated that OSA is associated with CVD, the mechanism behind this association remains controversial <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1">1</a>,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib3">3</a>,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib21">21</a>. Of all of the health consequences of OSA, those that affect the cardiovascular system are the most undesirable, and platelet activation plays a pivotal role in CVD <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib18">18</a>. Individual characteristics such as advanced age, increased blood pressure and obesity are the primary risk factors for both CVD and OSA <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib22">22</a>. Likewise, markers of inflammation such as Hs-CRP are elevated in patients with OSA and CVD <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib17">17</a>,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib22">22</a>,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib23">23</a>.The present study shows that MPV is associated with disease severity in OSA patients. The relationship between OSA and the MPV has been previously investigated in a limited number of studies <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib17">17</a>,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib18">18</a>. A recent study assessed the relationship between OSA severity and the MPV in 205 OSA patients and found that MPV was higher in patients with moderate and severe OSA <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib17">17</a>. However, the patients with moderate or severe OSA in that study were more likely to be hypertensive and active smokers, and in contrast to our study, the authors did not exclude patients with these cardiovascular risk factors, which may have influenced the MPV. In a similar study, Varol et al. investigated the effects of OSA on the MPV in hypertensive patients and active smokers <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib18">18</a>; however, there were several differences compared with our study. First, we included a larger population of study subjects. Second, we excluded patients who had disorders or received medications that could affect the MPV. The exact mechanism for the association between OSA and the MPV is not known. Several possible mechanisms might be responsible for this relationship, including sympathetic nervous system activation due to repetitive nocturnal hypoxemia, increased inflammation and oxidative stress and increased cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension and obesity <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib4">4</a>,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib24">24</a>. In the present study, patients with cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension and diabetes were excluded from the study. It is well known that the MVP increases with hypoxemia <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib24">24</a>. Additionally, the relationship between the MPV and hs-CRP in the present study confirms the effect of inflammation on platelet activation in OSA patients. However, the relationship between the MPV and oxidative stress was not investigated in the present study. Therefore, repetitive nocturnal hypoxemia and increased inflammation may be responsible for the increased MPV in patients with severe OSA.Previous studies have demonstrated that MPV is a marker of inflammation in various clinical conditions <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib25">25</a>,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib26">26</a>. CRP is also a well-known marker of inflammation, and increased CRP levels are associated with atherothrombic events <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib27">27</a>. Moreover, low-grade inflammation exists in patients with non-dipper HT, and the MPV is correlated with CRP levels <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib28">28</a>. In a previous study, Panautsoulos et al. observed a significant decrease in CRP levels after nasal CPAP treatment in OSA patients <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib29">29</a>. In the present study, we demonstrated that both hs-CRP and MPV are correlated with the OSA severity, as determined by the AHI. Using bivariate and multivariate analyses, we confirmed the association between the MPV and hs-CRP levels. Because we excluded patients with clinical conditions that may alter the MPV, the relationship between the MPV and AHI identified in this study is more reliable.There are some notable limitations to our current study, the most prominent of which is the absence of a control group without OSA. However, it has been previously demonstrated that OSA patients exhibit increased platelet activation and higher MPVs compared with controls. Because the main purpose of our study was to investigate the association between the MPV and the OSA severity, we did not include a control group. Additionally, we did not prospectively follow the patients and did not investigate the effects of various treatments such as nasal CPAP treatment on MPVs. However, this study was designed to demonstrate a relationship between the MPV and OSA severity.In conclusion, the findings of our current study demonstrated that the MPV, a marker of cardiovascular disease, and hs-CRP, a marker of systemic inflammation, are both significantly associated with the OSA severity. Additional large-scale studies should be designed to explore the possible mechanisms of this relationship and to assess alterations in platelet activation and the MPV in response to adequate OSA treatment.AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONSBaykan AO participated in the study design. Çörtük M obtained the funding. Börekçi A, Şeker T and Kiraz K collected the data and performed the literature review. Gür M analyzed the data. Akyol S wrote the manuscript. Çayli M critically revised the manuscript." "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:7 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1582286" "titulo" => "KEYWORDS" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "cesec10" "titulo" => "INTRODUCTION" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cesec20" "titulo" => "METHODS" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "cesec30" "titulo" => "OSA diagnosis of and sleep testing" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "cesec40" "titulo" => "Echocardiography" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "cesec50" "titulo" => "Laboratory Analysis" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "cesec60" "titulo" => "Statistical Analysis" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cesec70" "titulo" => "RESULTS" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "cesec80" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "cesec90" "titulo" => "Baseline characteristics" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "cesec100" "titulo" => "Laboratory findings" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "cesec110" "titulo" => "Sleep test findings" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "cesec120" "titulo" => "Bivariate and multivariate relationships of the mean platelet volume" ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "cesec130" "titulo" => "DISCUSSION" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "cesec140" "titulo" => "AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS" ] 6 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "REFERENCES" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2015-02-03" "fechaAceptado" => "2015-04-20" "PalabrasClave" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "KEYWORDS" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1582286" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Obstructive sleep apnea" 1 => "Apnea-hypopnea index" 2 => "Mean platelet volume" 3 => "High sensitivity C-reactive protein" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:1 [ "en" => array:2 [ "resumen" => """ OBJECTIVE:Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is associated with cardiovascular diseases and thromboembolic events. The mean platelet volume (MPV) is a predictor of cardiovascular thromboembolic events. The aim of the present study is to investigate the association between the MPV and disease severity in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. METHODS:We prospectively included 194 obstructive sleep apnea syndrome patients without cardiovascular disease (mean age 56.5±12.5 years) who were undergoing sleep tests. An overnight full laboratory polisomnography examination was conducted on each patient. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI): (1) AHIlow group: 5≤AHI<15, (2) AHImid group: 15\n <ahi≤30, and="" (3)="" ahihigh="" group:="" ahi="">\n 30.\n </ahi≤30,> RESULTS:The highest MPV values were found in the AHIhigh group compared with other groups (p<0.05 for all). Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the MPV was associated with the AHI (β=0.500, p<0.001) and the high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) level (β=0.194, p=0.010). CONCLUSION:The MPV is independently associated with both disease severity and inflammation in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. """ "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "ceabs10" "titulo" => "OBJECTIVE:" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "ceabs20" "titulo" => "METHODS:" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "ceabs30" "titulo" => "RESULTS:" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "ceabs40" "titulo" => "CONCLUSION:" ] ] ] ] "multimedia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl1" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:2 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="middle" scope="col">Variables \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="middle" scope="col">AHIlow group (5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="middle" scope="col">AHImid group (15≤AHI<30) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="middle" scope="col">AHIhigh group (AHI≥30) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="middle" scope="col">P-value \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="middle">Baseline characteristics \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="middle"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="middle"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="middle"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="middle">Age (years) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">45.5±11.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">46.2±11.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">46.5±10.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">0.882 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="middle">BMI (kg/m2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">30.0±5.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">30.1±3.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">32.1±3.6<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tfn1">a</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">0.007 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="middle">Gender (male) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="middle">43 (69.4%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="middle">48 (78.7%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="middle">57 (80.3%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">0.291 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="middle">SBP (mmHg) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">113.2±10.9<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tfn2">b</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">118.2±10.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">122.3±9.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">0.002 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="middle">DBP (mmHg) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">73.9±5.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">75.4±6.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">76.1±6.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">0.345 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="middle">Smoking, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="middle">26 (41.9%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="middle">26 (42.6%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="middle">31 (43.7%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">0.841 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="middle">Laboratory findings \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="middle">Glucose (mg/dl) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">93.2±8.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">92.7±9.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">92.7±8.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">0.944 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="middle">Total cholesterol (mg/dl) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">174.5±28.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">172.9±24.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">190.5±35.0<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tfn3">c</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="middle">Triglycerides (mg/dl) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">176.8±68.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">183.0±70.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">180.9±84.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">0.898 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="middle">HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">41.6±10.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">39.6±9.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">40.0±11.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">0.558 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="middle">LDL cholesterol (mg/dl) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">115.2±33.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">111.7±25.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">128.7±29.4<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tfn4">d</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">0.003 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="middle">WBCs \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">8.4±2.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">7.8±1.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">8.2±2.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">0.260 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="middle">Hemoglobin (mg/dl) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">14.6±1.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">14.5±1.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">14.7±1.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">0.914 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="middle">Platelet count \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">282.4±59.4<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tfn5">e</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">261.3±54.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">245.3±51.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="middle">MPV \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">9.4±1.1<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tfn6">f</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">9.9±1.0<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tfn7">ff</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">11.4±1.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="middle">Creatinine (mg/dl) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">0.80±0.13 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">0.79±0.17 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">0.81±0.14 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">0.986 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="middle">Hs-CRP \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">0.62±0.28 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">0.68±0.32 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">0.83±0.40<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tfn8">g</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">0.010 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="middle">Echocardiography \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="middle">LAD (mm) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">34.0±4.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">33.0±3.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">34.3±4.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">0.280 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="middle">LVID (mm) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">48.0±3.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">46.3±6.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">47.0±6.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">0.528 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="middle">EF (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">65.6±4.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">65.6±4.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">66.6±4.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">0.524 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="middle">Sleep test findings \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="middle">AHI \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">9.0±2.7<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tfn9">i</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">22.9±4.0<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tfn7">ff</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">56.6±20.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="middle">ODI \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">11.3±18.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">15.8±9.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">54.2±29.3<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tfn10">h</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="middle">Apnea index \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">5.6±16.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">8.4±8.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">41.3±28.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="middle">Hypopnea index \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">5.0±4.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">7.7±7.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">13.2±12.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] ] ] "notaPie" => array:10 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tfn1" "etiqueta" => "a" "nota" => "p=0.006 vs. AHIlow group, p=0.008 vs. AHImid group" ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tfn2" "etiqueta" => "b" "nota" => "P=0.05 vs. AHImid group, p<0.001 vs. AHIhigh group" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tfn3" "etiqueta" => "c" "nota" => "p=0.003 vs. AHIlow group, p=0.001 vs. AHImid group" ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tfn4" "etiqueta" => "d" "nota" => "p=0.010 vs. AHIlow group, p=0.001 vs. AHImid group" ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tfn5" "etiqueta" => "e" "nota" => "P=0.034 vs. AHImid group, p<0.001 vs. AHIhigh group" ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tfn6" "etiqueta" => "f" "nota" => "P=0.010 vs. AHImid group, p<0.001 vs. AHIhigh group" ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tfn7" "etiqueta" => "ff" "nota" => "p<0.001 vs. AHIhigh group" ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tfn8" "etiqueta" => "g" "nota" => "p=0.005 vs. AHIlow group, p=0.026 vs. AHImid group" ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tfn9" "etiqueta" => "i" "nota" => "P<0.001 vs. AHImid group and AHIhigh group" ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tfn10" "etiqueta" => "h" "nota" => "p<0.001 vs. AHIlow group and AHImid group" ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Baseline characteristics and laboratory, echocardiographic and sleep test findings." ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl2" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "Abbreviations: AHI: apnea-hypopnea index, SBP: systolic blood pressure, DBP: diastolic blood pressure, BMI: body mass index, ODI: oxygen desaturation index, HDL: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, WBCs: white blood cells, MPV: mean platelet volume, Hs-CRP: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, LAD: left atrial diameter, LVID: left ventricle internal diameter, EF: ejection fractionaMultiple linear regression analysis" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="middle" scope="col">Variables \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="middle" scope="col">Pearson's correlation coefficient \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="middle" scope="col">P-value \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="middle" scope="col">Standardized β regression coefficients \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="middle" scope="col">P-value \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="middle">BMI (kg/m2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">0.167 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">0.020 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">0.043 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">0.629 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="middle">SBP (mmHg) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">0.355 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">0.131 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">0.123 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="middle">Total cholesterol (mg/dl) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">0.224 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">0.002 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">0.080 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">0.299 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="middle">Hs-CRP (mg/dl) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">0.189 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">0.011 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">0.194 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">0.010 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="middle">Platelet count \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">−0.360 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">−0.188 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">0.014 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="middle">ODI \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">0.557 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">−0.023 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">0.835 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="middle">AHI \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">0.683 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle">0.500 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="middle"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Bivariate and multivariate relationships of the MPV in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome." ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "REFERENCES" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "cebibsec10" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:29 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Sleep apnoea as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease: current evidence basic and research priorities" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => """ WT McNicholas \n \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t """ 1 => """ MR 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CLINICAL SCIENCE

Selahattin AkyolI, Mustafa ÇörtükII, Ahmet Oytun BaykanI, Kemal KirazIII, Abdurrezzak BörekçiIV, Taner ŞekerI,

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atanerseker@hotmail.com

Corresponding author:

, Mustafa GürIV, Murat ÇayliI

I Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Çukurova/Adana, Turkey.

II Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital, Department of Pulmonology, Çukurova/Adana, Turkey.

III Antalya Numune Training and Research Hospital, Department of Pulmonology, Antalya, Turkey.

IV Kafkas University School of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Kars, Turkey.

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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="cesec10" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cestitle60">INTRODUCTION</span><p id="para10" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome &#40;OSA&#41; is a common sleep-related respiratory disorder that is characterized by repeated episodes of apnea and hypopnea due to intermittent upper airway obstruction&#46; OSA&#44; which is associated with repetitive nocturnal arterial oxygen desaturation and hypercapnia as well as with alterations in systemic and pulmonary arterial pressure <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1">1</a> is a highly prevalent illness that affects 4&#37; of middle-aged men and 2&#37; of middle-aged women <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib2">2</a>&#46; Furthermore&#44; OSA is well known as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases &#40;CVDs&#41; and hypertension &#40;HT&#41; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1">1</a>&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib3">3</a>&#46; Several possible mechanisms such as sympathetic nervous system activation&#44; endothelial dysfunction&#44; intermittent hypoxia&#44; oxidative stress and inflammation explain the increased CVD prevalence in OSA patients <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib4">4</a>&#46; Although augmented hypercoagulability has been demonstrated in OSA patients who are not receiving continuous positive airway pressure &#40;CPAP&#41; therapy <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib5">5</a>&#44; the exact mechanism that drives the association between OSA and hypercoagulability is unknown&#46; Moreover&#44; few studies have investigated the association between OSA severity and hypercoagulability <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib6">6</a>&#46; In a previous study&#44; OSA was found to be associated with both arterial and venous thromboembolism <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib7">7</a>&#46;</p><p id="para20" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The mean platelet volume &#40;MPV&#41; is a marker of thrombocyte activation and plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of CVDs <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib8">8</a>&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib9">9</a>&#46; Larger platelets contain more granules and thromboxane A2 and express more glycoprotein Ib and IIb&#47;IIIa receptors&#59; these platelets thus aggregate more quickly and strongly to collagen&#44; possibly leading to increased thromboembolic events <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib10">10</a>&#8211;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib12">12</a>&#46;</p><p id="para30" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Increased MPVs have been found in hypertension&#44; hypercholesterolemia&#44; diabetes mellitus&#44; acute myocardial infarction and acute ischemic stroke <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib11">11</a>&#46; Although a few studies have reported a relationship between OSA and increased platelet activation <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib15">15</a>&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib16">16</a>&#44; the number of studies investigating the association between OSA and MPV is limited <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib17">17</a>&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib18">18</a>&#46; The main purpose of the present study is to investigate the association between the MPV and the OSA severity in patients without CVD or hypertension and who do not take any medications that may affect platelet functions&#46;</p></span><span id="cesec20" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cestitle70">METHODS</span><p id="para40" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Subjects who were clinically suspected of having sleep-related disorders &#40;severe snoring&#44; daytime sleepiness&#44; and witnessed apnea&#41; and who underwent a sleep test between March 2012 and July 2014 were prospectively enrolled in our study&#46; A total of 194 patients &#40;148 males&#59; mean age 56&#46;5&#177;12&#46;5 years&#41; with an AHI&#8805;5 were included&#46; All of the data were collected prior to the administration of any treatment for OSA&#46; After collecting a detailed medical history and performing a complete physical examination&#44; each participant was questioned regarding major cardiovascular risk factors&#44; including age&#44; sex&#44; diabetes mellitus &#40;DM&#41;&#44; smoking status and hypertension &#40;HT&#41;&#46; Additionally&#44; systolic blood pressure &#40;SBP&#41;&#44; diastolic blood pressure &#40;DBP&#41; and initial heart rate were recorded&#46; Each of the patients underwent electrocardiography &#40;ECG&#41; and comprehensive transthoracic echocardiography&#46; Patients with atherosclerotic heart disease such as coronary artery disease&#44; cerebrovascular accident and peripheral vascular disease&#44; heart failure&#44; diabetes&#44; hypertension&#44; and hyperlipidemia and patients who were taking medications associated with these conditions were excluded&#46; Patients with central sleep apnea syndrome&#44; upper airway resistant syndrome&#44; narcolepsy&#44; or movement disorder were excluded&#46; Patients using any drug &#40;such as aspirin&#44; clopidogrel&#44; dipyridamole&#44; heparin&#44; aminophylline&#44; verapamil&#44; nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs&#44; corticosteroid&#44; furosemide&#44; antibiotics&#44; and alcohol&#41; that could affect platelet function were also excluded&#46; Informed consent was obtained for each participant&#44; and the local ethics committee approved the study protocol&#46;</p><span id="cesec30" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cestitle80">OSA diagnosis of and sleep testing</span><p id="para50" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">An overnight full laboratory polysomnography examination was conducted on each subject&#46; All sleep recordings &#40;E-Series&#44; Compumedics&#44; Melbourne&#44; Australia&#41; included electroencephalography&#44; electrooculography&#44; submental electromyography&#44; and oxygen saturation &#40;pulse oximetry&#41;&#44; respiratory movement &#40;inductance plethysmography&#41;&#44; and nasal and oral airflow measurements&#46; Sleep staging and sleep-disordered breathing were subsequently scored using standard techniques <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib19">19</a> but with all hypopneas including a mandatory minimum 4&#37; oxygen desaturation&#46; The average numbers of apnea and hypopnea episodes per hour of sleep were measured as the AHI&#46; Patients were classified into 3 separate groups to determine the OSA severity according to their AHI scores&#44; as follows&#58; AHI<span class="elsevierStyleInf">mild</span> group &#40;5<span class="elsevierStyleInf">moderate</span> group &#40;15&#8804;AHI&#60;30&#41;&#44; and AHI<span class="elsevierStyleInf">severe</span> group &#40;AHI&#8805;30&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="cesec40" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cestitle90">Echocardiography</span><p id="para60" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All echocardiographic examinations were performed using commercially available equipment &#40;Vivid-7&#59; GE Vingmed Sound&#44; Horten&#44; Norway&#41; with a 2&#46;5&#8211;3&#46;5 MHz transducer&#46; A single echocardiographer who was blinded to the patients&#8242; clinical and laboratory data interpreted each echocardiographic examination independently&#46; Simultaneous ECG recordings were also obtained&#46; All patients were examined at rest in the left lateral decubitus position&#46; Echocardiographic techniques and calculations of different cardiac dimensions were performed in accordance with the recommendations of the American Society of Echocardiography&#46; The left ventricular ejection fraction &#40;EF&#41; was calculated using a modified Simpson&#39;s rule technique <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib20">20</a>&#46;</p></span><span id="cesec50" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cestitle100">Laboratory Analysis</span><p id="para70" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Fasting venous blood samples on admission were obtained from all patients to determine their plasma fasting blood glucose&#44; total cholesterol&#44; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol &#40;HDL-C&#41;&#44; low-density lipoprotein cholesterol &#40;LDL-C&#41;&#44; triglyceride&#44; creatinine&#44; and high-sensitivity CRP &#40;hs-CRP&#41; levels and blood counts&#46; Blood samples were collected through the brachial vein into tubes containing dipotassium EDTA&#46; Serum creatinine&#44; fasting glucose&#44; alanine aminotransferase &#40;ALT&#41;&#44; aspartate aminotransferase &#40;AST&#41;&#44; and lipid profiles were measured using an autoanalyzer &#40;Roche Diagnostics Modular Systems&#44; Tokyo&#44; Japan&#41;&#46; To measure hematologic parameters&#44; platelet counts and MPVs&#44; samples were analyzed within 20 minutes after collection using a Sysmex XT 1800i automated hematology analyzer &#40;Roche Diagnostics&#44; Shanghai&#44; China&#41;&#46; For the MPV&#44; the cut-off value was 9&#8211;13 fL&#44; and the intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation &#40;CVs&#41; were below 4&#46;1&#37; and 7&#46;1&#37;&#44; respectively&#46;</p></span><span id="cesec60" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cestitle110">Statistical Analysis</span><p id="para80" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All analyses were conducted using SPSS 17&#46;0 &#40;SPSS for Windows 17&#46;0&#44; Chicago&#44; IL&#44; USA&#41;&#46; Data were expressed as the mean &#177; SD&#46; A comparison of categorical variables between groups was performed using a chi-square test&#46; Analysis of variance &#40;ANOVA&#41; was applied to analyze continuous variables between the AHI groups&#46; Normality analysis was performed using a Kolmogorov&#8211;Smirnov test&#46; Associations between other variables and the AHI were assessed by Pearson&#39;s correlation coefficient&#46; Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to identify independent associations of the AHI by including the parameters that were correlated with the AHI in the bivariate analysis&#46; Standardized &#946; regression coefficients and their significance according to multiple linear regression analysis were reported&#46; A <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-value of &#60;0&#46;05 was considered statistically significant&#46;</p></span></span><span id="cesec70" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cestitle120">RESULTS</span><p id="para90" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A total of 194 patients who fulfilled the selection criteria were included in the analysis&#46; The patients were divided into three groups according to their corresponding AHI values&#58; &#40;a&#41; AHI<span class="elsevierStyleInf">mild</span> group&#44; 62 patients &#40;5<span class="elsevierStyleInf">moderate</span> group&#44; 61 patients &#40;15&#8804;AHI&#60;30&#41;&#59; and &#40;c&#41; AHI<span class="elsevierStyleInf">severe</span> group&#44; 71 patients &#40;30&#8804;AHI&#41;&#46; The mean AHI values were 9&#46;0&#177;2&#46;7&#44; 22&#46;9&#177;4&#46;0 and 56&#46;6&#177;20&#46;1 for the mild&#44; moderate and severe groups&#44; respectively&#46; Of the 194 participants&#44; 148 &#40;76&#37;&#41; were men&#44; and 46 &#40;24&#37;&#41; were women&#59; the mean age was 56&#46;5 &#177; 12&#46;5 years&#46; No significant differences were found between the groups in terms of age and sex&#46;</p><span id="cesec80" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span id="cesec90" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cestitle130">Baseline characteristics</span><p id="para100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Body mass index &#40;BMI&#41; was higher in the AHI<span class="elsevierStyleInf">severe</span> group than in the AHImoderate and AHImild groups &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&#60;0&#46;05 for both&#41;&#46; Additionally&#44; systolic blood pressure was higher in the AHI<span class="elsevierStyleInf">moderate</span> and AHIsevere groups compared with the AHImild group &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&#60;0&#46;05 for both&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="cesec100" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cestitle140">Laboratory findings</span><p id="para110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Total cholesterol&#44; LDL cholesterol and hs-CRP levels were higher in the AHI<span class="elsevierStyleInf">severe</span> group compared with the AHImoderate and AHImild groups &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&#60;0&#46;05 for all&#41;&#46; Platelet counts were lower in the AHI<span class="elsevierStyleInf">mild</span> group than in the AHImoderate and AHIsevere groups &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&#60;0&#46;05 for both&#41;&#46; The highest MPVs were observed in the AHI<span class="elsevierStyleInf">severe</span> group compared with the AHImoderate and AHImild groups &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&#60;0&#46;05 for all&#41;&#46; Moreover&#44; the MPV was higher in the AHI<span class="elsevierStyleInf">moderate</span> group than in the AHImild group &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&#60;0&#46;05&#41;&#46; MPVs according to the AHI groups are shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl1">Table 1</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl1"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="cesec110" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cestitle150">Sleep test findings</span><p id="para120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Higher oxygen desaturation index &#40;ODI&#41; values were observed in the AHI<span class="elsevierStyleInf">severe</span> group than in the AHImoderate and AHImild groups &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&#60;0&#46;05 for both&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="cesec120" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cestitle160">Bivariate and multivariate relationships of the mean platelet volume</span><p id="para130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">According to the results of bivariate analysis&#44; the MPV was associated with the BMI &#40;r&#61;0&#46;167&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&#61;0&#46;020&#41;&#44; SBP &#40;r&#61;0&#46;355&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&#60;0&#46;001&#41;&#44; total cholesterol levels &#40;r&#61;0&#46;224&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&#61;0&#46;002&#41;&#44; hs-CRP levels &#40;r&#61;0&#46;189&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&#61;0&#46;011&#41;&#44; the platelet count &#40;r&#61;&#8722;0&#46;360&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&#60;0&#46;001&#41;&#44; the ODI &#40;r&#61;0&#46;557&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&#60;0&#46;001&#41; and the AHI &#40;r&#61;0&#46;683&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&#60;0&#46;001&#41;&#46; The relationship between the AHI and MPV is shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl2">Table 2</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl2"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="para140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the MPV was associated with hs-CRP levels &#40;&#946;&#61;0&#46;194&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&#61;0&#46;010&#41;&#44; the platelet count &#40;&#946;&#61;&#8722;0&#46;188&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&#61;0&#46;014&#41; and the AHI &#40;&#946;&#61;0&#46;500&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&#60;0&#46;001&#41;&#46;</p></span></span></span><span id="cesec130" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cestitle170">DISCUSSION</span><p id="para150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The present study shows that MPV is independently associated with both the disease severity&#44; as indicated by the AHI&#44; and inflammation in OSA patients&#46; Our study also suggests that MPV might play a role in thromboembolic events in OSA patients with severe AHI&#46;</p><p id="para160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Although several previous studies have demonstrated that OSA is associated with CVD&#44; the mechanism behind this association remains controversial <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1">1</a>&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib3">3</a>&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib21">21</a>&#46; Of all of the health consequences of OSA&#44; those that affect the cardiovascular system are the most undesirable&#44; and platelet activation plays a pivotal role in CVD <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib18">18</a>&#46; Individual characteristics such as advanced age&#44; increased blood pressure and obesity are the primary risk factors for both CVD and OSA <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib22">22</a>&#46; Likewise&#44; markers of inflammation such as Hs-CRP are elevated in patients with OSA and CVD <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib17">17</a>&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib22">22</a>&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib23">23</a>&#46;</p><p id="para170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The present study shows that MPV is associated with disease severity in OSA patients&#46; The relationship between OSA and the MPV has been previously investigated in a limited number of studies <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib17">17</a>&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib18">18</a>&#46; A recent study assessed the relationship between OSA severity and the MPV in 205 OSA patients and found that MPV was higher in patients with moderate and severe OSA <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib17">17</a>&#46; However&#44; the patients with moderate or severe OSA in that study were more likely to be hypertensive and active smokers&#44; and in contrast to our study&#44; the authors did not exclude patients with these cardiovascular risk factors&#44; which may have influenced the MPV&#46; In a similar study&#44; Varol et al&#46; investigated the effects of OSA on the MPV in hypertensive patients and active smokers <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib18">18</a>&#59; however&#44; there were several differences compared with our study&#46; First&#44; we included a larger population of study subjects&#46; Second&#44; we excluded patients who had disorders or received medications that could affect the MPV&#46; The exact mechanism for the association between OSA and the MPV is not known&#46; Several possible mechanisms might be responsible for this relationship&#44; including sympathetic nervous system activation due to repetitive nocturnal hypoxemia&#44; increased inflammation and oxidative stress and increased cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension and obesity <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib4">4</a>&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib24">24</a>&#46; In the present study&#44; patients with cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension and diabetes were excluded from the study&#46; It is well known that the MVP increases with hypoxemia <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib24">24</a>&#46; Additionally&#44; the relationship between the MPV and hs-CRP in the present study confirms the effect of inflammation on platelet activation in OSA patients&#46; However&#44; the relationship between the MPV and oxidative stress was not investigated in the present study&#46; Therefore&#44; repetitive nocturnal hypoxemia and increased inflammation may be responsible for the increased MPV in patients with severe OSA&#46;</p><p id="para180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Previous studies have demonstrated that MPV is a marker of inflammation in various clinical conditions <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib25">25</a>&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib26">26</a>&#46; CRP is also a well-known marker of inflammation&#44; and increased CRP levels are associated with atherothrombic events <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib27">27</a>&#46; Moreover&#44; low-grade inflammation exists in patients with non-dipper HT&#44; and the MPV is correlated with CRP levels <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib28">28</a>&#46; In a previous study&#44; Panautsoulos et al&#46; observed a significant decrease in CRP levels after nasal CPAP treatment in OSA patients <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib29">29</a>&#46; In the present study&#44; we demonstrated that both hs-CRP and MPV are correlated with the OSA severity&#44; as determined by the AHI&#46; Using bivariate and multivariate analyses&#44; we confirmed the association between the MPV and hs-CRP levels&#46; Because we excluded patients with clinical conditions that may alter the MPV&#44; the relationship between the MPV and AHI identified in this study is more reliable&#46;</p><p id="para190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There are some notable limitations to our current study&#44; the most prominent of which is the absence of a control group without OSA&#46; However&#44; it has been previously demonstrated that OSA patients exhibit increased platelet activation and higher MPVs compared with controls&#46; Because the main purpose of our study was to investigate the association between the MPV and the OSA severity&#44; we did not include a control group&#46; Additionally&#44; we did not prospectively follow the patients and did not investigate the effects of various treatments such as nasal CPAP treatment on MPVs&#46; However&#44; this study was designed to demonstrate a relationship between the MPV and OSA severity&#46;</p><p id="para200" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion&#44; the findings of our current study demonstrated that the MPV&#44; a marker of cardiovascular disease&#44; and hs-CRP&#44; a marker of systemic inflammation&#44; are both significantly associated with the OSA severity&#46; Additional large-scale studies should be designed to explore the possible mechanisms of this relationship and to assess alterations in platelet activation and the MPV in response to adequate OSA treatment&#46;</p></span><span id="cesec140" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cestitle180">AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS</span><p id="para210" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Baykan AO participated in the study design&#46; &#199;&#246;rt&#252;k M obtained the funding&#46; B&#246;rek&#231;i A&#44; &#350;eker T and Kiraz K collected the data and performed the literature review&#46; G&#252;r M analyzed the data&#46; Akyol S wrote the manuscript&#46; &#199;ayli M critically revised the manuscript&#46;</p></span></span>"
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          "titulo" => "INTRODUCTION"
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          "titulo" => "METHODS"
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              "identificador" => "cesec30"
              "titulo" => "OSA diagnosis of and sleep testing"
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            1 => array:2 [
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              "titulo" => "Echocardiography"
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              "titulo" => "Laboratory Analysis"
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              "titulo" => "Statistical Analysis"
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        3 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "cesec70"
          "titulo" => "RESULTS"
          "secciones" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "cesec80"
              "secciones" => array:4 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "identificador" => "cesec90"
                  "titulo" => "Baseline characteristics"
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                1 => array:2 [
                  "identificador" => "cesec100"
                  "titulo" => "Laboratory findings"
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                2 => array:2 [
                  "identificador" => "cesec110"
                  "titulo" => "Sleep test findings"
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                3 => array:2 [
                  "identificador" => "cesec120"
                  "titulo" => "Bivariate and multivariate relationships of the mean platelet volume"
                ]
              ]
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        4 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "cesec130"
          "titulo" => "DISCUSSION"
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        5 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "cesec140"
          "titulo" => "AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS"
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        6 => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "REFERENCES"
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    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2015-02-03"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2015-04-20"
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        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "KEYWORDS"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1582286"
          "palabras" => array:4 [
            0 => "Obstructive sleep apnea"
            1 => "Apnea-hypopnea index"
            2 => "Mean platelet volume"
            3 => "High sensitivity C-reactive protein"
          ]
        ]
      ]
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          <span id="ceabs10" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cestitle10">OBJECTIVE&#58;</span><p id="spara30" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is associated with cardiovascular diseases and thromboembolic events&#46; The mean platelet volume &#40;MPV&#41; is a predictor of cardiovascular thromboembolic events&#46; The aim of the present study is to investigate the association between the MPV and disease severity in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome&#46;</p></span> <span id="ceabs20" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cestitle20">METHODS&#58;</span><p id="spara40" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We prospectively included 194 obstructive sleep apnea syndrome patients without cardiovascular disease &#40;mean age 56&#46;5&#177;12&#46;5 years&#41; who were undergoing sleep tests&#46; An overnight full laboratory polisomnography examination was conducted on each patient&#46; The patients were divided into 3 groups according to the apnea-hypopnea index &#40;AHI&#41;&#58; &#40;1&#41; AHIlow group&#58; 5&#8804;AHI&#60;15&#44; &#40;2&#41; AHImid group&#58; 15\n
          &lt;ahi&#8804;30, and="" (3)="" ahihigh="" group:="" ahi=""&gt;\n
           30&#46;\n
          &lt;/ahi&#8804;30,&gt;</p></span> <span id="ceabs30" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cestitle30">RESULTS&#58;</span><p id="spara50" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The highest MPV values were found in the AHIhigh group compared with other groups &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&#60;0&#46;05 for all&#41;&#46; Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the MPV was associated with the AHI &#40;&#946;&#61;0&#46;500&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&#60;0&#46;001&#41; and the high sensitivity C-reactive protein &#40;hs-CRP&#41; level &#40;&#946;&#61;0&#46;194&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&#61;0&#46;010&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="ceabs40" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cestitle40">CONCLUSION&#58;</span><p id="spara60" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The MPV is independently associated with both disease severity and inflammation in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome&#46;</p></span>
          """
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            "titulo" => "METHODS&#58;"
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          2 => array:2 [
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            "titulo" => "RESULTS&#58;"
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          3 => array:2 [
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            "titulo" => "CONCLUSION&#58;"
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="middle" scope="col">Variables&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="middle" scope="col">AHI<span class="elsevierStyleInf">low</span> group &#40;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">0&#46;002</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="middle"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>DBP &#40;mmHg&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">73&#46;9&#177;5&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">75&#46;4&#177;6&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">76&#46;1&#177;6&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">0&#46;345&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="middle"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Smoking&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="middle">26 &#40;41&#46;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="middle">26 &#40;42&#46;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="middle">31 &#40;43&#46;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">0&#46;841&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="middle"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Laboratory findings</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="middle"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Glucose &#40;mg&#47;dl&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">93&#46;2&#177;8&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">92&#46;7&#177;9&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">92&#46;7&#177;8&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">0&#46;944&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="middle"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Total cholesterol &#40;mg&#47;dl&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">174&#46;5&#177;28&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">172&#46;9&#177;24&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">190&#46;5&#177;35&#46;0<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tfn3">c</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">0&#46;001</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="middle"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Triglycerides &#40;mg&#47;dl&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">176&#46;8&#177;68&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">183&#46;0&#177;70&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">180&#46;9&#177;84&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">0&#46;898&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="middle"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>HDL cholesterol &#40;mg&#47;dl&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">41&#46;6&#177;10&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">39&#46;6&#177;9&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">40&#46;0&#177;11&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">0&#46;558&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="middle"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>LDL cholesterol &#40;mg&#47;dl&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">115&#46;2&#177;33&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">111&#46;7&#177;25&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">128&#46;7&#177;29&#46;4<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tfn4">d</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">0&#46;003</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="middle"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>WBCs&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">8&#46;4&#177;2&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">7&#46;8&#177;1&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">8&#46;2&#177;2&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">0&#46;260&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="middle"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hemoglobin &#40;mg&#47;dl&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">14&#46;6&#177;1&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">14&#46;5&#177;1&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">14&#46;7&#177;1&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">0&#46;914&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="middle"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Platelet count&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">282&#46;4&#177;59&#46;4<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tfn5">e</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">261&#46;3&#177;54&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">245&#46;3&#177;51&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">0&#46;001</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="middle"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>MPV&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">9&#46;4&#177;1&#46;1<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tfn6">f</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">9&#46;9&#177;1&#46;0<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tfn7">ff</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">11&#46;4&#177;1&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#60;0&#46;001</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="middle"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Creatinine &#40;mg&#47;dl&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">0&#46;80&#177;0&#46;13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">0&#46;79&#177;0&#46;17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">0&#46;81&#177;0&#46;14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">0&#46;986&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="middle"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hs-CRP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">0&#46;62&#177;0&#46;28&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">0&#46;68&#177;0&#46;32&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">0&#46;83&#177;0&#46;40<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tfn8">g</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">0&#46;010</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="middle"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Echocardiography</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="middle"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>LAD &#40;mm&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">34&#46;0&#177;4&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">33&#46;0&#177;3&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">34&#46;3&#177;4&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">0&#46;280&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="middle"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>LVID &#40;mm&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">48&#46;0&#177;3&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">46&#46;3&#177;6&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">47&#46;0&#177;6&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">0&#46;528&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="middle"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>EF &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">65&#46;6&#177;4&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">65&#46;6&#177;4&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">66&#46;6&#177;4&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">0&#46;524&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="middle"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Sleep test findings</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="middle"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>AHI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">9&#46;0&#177;2&#46;7<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tfn9">i</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">22&#46;9&#177;4&#46;0<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tfn7">ff</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">56&#46;6&#177;20&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#60;0&#46;001</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="middle"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ODI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">11&#46;3&#177;18&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">15&#46;8&#177;9&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">54&#46;2&#177;29&#46;3<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tfn10">h</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#60;0&#46;001</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="middle"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Apnea index&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">5&#46;6&#177;16&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">8&#46;4&#177;8&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">41&#46;3&#177;28&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#60;0&#46;001</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="middle"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hypopnea index&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">5&#46;0&#177;4&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">7&#46;7&#177;7&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">13&#46;2&#177;12&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">0&#46;001</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
            ]
          ]
          "notaPie" => array:10 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tfn1"
              "etiqueta" => "a"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="cenpara10"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&#61;0&#46;006 vs&#46; AHI<span class="elsevierStyleInf">low</span> group&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&#61;0&#46;008 vs&#46; AHI<span class="elsevierStyleInf">mid</span> group</p>"
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tfn2"
              "etiqueta" => "b"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="cenpara20"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#61;0&#46;05 vs&#46; AHI<span class="elsevierStyleInf">mid</span> group&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&#60;0&#46;001 vs&#46; AHI<span class="elsevierStyleInf">high</span> group</p>"
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tfn3"
              "etiqueta" => "c"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="cenpara30"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&#61;0&#46;003 vs&#46; AHI<span class="elsevierStyleInf">low</span> group&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&#61;0&#46;001 vs&#46; AHI<span class="elsevierStyleInf">mid</span> group</p>"
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tfn4"
              "etiqueta" => "d"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="cenpara40"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&#61;0&#46;010 vs&#46; AHI<span class="elsevierStyleInf">low</span> group&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&#61;0&#46;001 vs&#46; AHI<span class="elsevierStyleInf">mid</span> group</p>"
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tfn5"
              "etiqueta" => "e"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="cenpara50"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#61;0&#46;034 vs&#46; AHI<span class="elsevierStyleInf">mid</span> group&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&#60;0&#46;001 vs&#46; AHI<span class="elsevierStyleInf">high</span> group</p>"
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tfn6"
              "etiqueta" => "f"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="cenpara60"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#61;0&#46;010 vs&#46; AHI<span class="elsevierStyleInf">mid</span> group&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&#60;0&#46;001 vs&#46; AHI<span class="elsevierStyleInf">high</span> group</p>"
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tfn7"
              "etiqueta" => "ff"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="cenpara70"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&#60;0&#46;001 vs&#46; AHI<span class="elsevierStyleInf">high</span> group</p>"
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tfn8"
              "etiqueta" => "g"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="cenpara80"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&#61;0&#46;005 vs&#46; AHI<span class="elsevierStyleInf">low</span> group&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&#61;0&#46;026 vs&#46; AHI<span class="elsevierStyleInf">mid</span> group</p>"
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tfn9"
              "etiqueta" => "i"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="cenpara90"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#60;0&#46;001 vs&#46; AHI<span class="elsevierStyleInf">mid</span> group and AHI<span class="elsevierStyleInf">high</span> group</p>"
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tfn10"
              "etiqueta" => "h"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="cenpara100"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&#60;0&#46;001 vs&#46; AHI<span class="elsevierStyleInf">low</span> group and AHI<span class="elsevierStyleInf">mid</span> group</p>"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spara10" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Baseline characteristics and laboratory&#44; echocardiographic and sleep test findings&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl2"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="tfn12" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Abbreviations</span>&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">AHI&#58;</span> apnea-hypopnea index&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">SBP&#58;</span> systolic blood pressure&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">DBP&#58;</span> diastolic blood pressure&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">BMI&#58;</span> body mass index&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">ODI&#58;</span> oxygen desaturation index&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">HDL&#58;</span> high-density lipoprotein cholesterol&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">LDL&#58;</span> low-density lipoprotein cholesterol&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">WBCs&#58;</span> white blood cells&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">MPV&#58;</span> mean platelet volume&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">Hs-CRP&#58;</span> high-sensitivity C-reactive protein&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">LAD&#58;</span> left atrial diameter&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">LVID&#58;</span> left ventricle internal diameter&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">EF&#58;</span> ejection fraction</p><p id="tfn11" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>Multiple linear regression analysis</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:1 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="middle" scope="col">Variables&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="middle" scope="col">Pearson&#39;s correlation coefficient&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="middle" scope="col"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P-</span>value&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="middle" scope="col">Standardized &#946; regression coefficients&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="middle" scope="col"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P-</span>value&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="middle">BMI &#40;kg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">0&#46;167&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">0&#46;020&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">0&#46;043&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">0&#46;629&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="middle">SBP &#40;mmHg&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">0&#46;355&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">0&#46;131&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">0&#46;123&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="middle">Total cholesterol &#40;mg&#47;dl&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">0&#46;224&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">0&#46;002&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">0&#46;080&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">0&#46;299&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="middle">Hs-CRP &#40;mg&#47;dl&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">0&#46;189&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">0&#46;011&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">0&#46;194&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">0&#46;010&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="middle">Platelet count&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">&#8722;0&#46;360&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">&#8722;0&#46;188&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">0&#46;014&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="middle">ODI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">0&#46;557&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">&#8722;0&#46;023&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">0&#46;835&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="middle">AHI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">0&#46;683&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">0&#46;500&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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Article information

ISSN: 18075932
Original language: English

DOI:10.6061/clinics/2015(07)04

The statistics are updated each day

Year/Month	Html	Pdf	Total

2024 November	3	0	3
2024 October	17	28	45
2024 September	31	30	61
2024 August	27	25	52
2024 July	18	28	46
2024 June	13	15	28
2024 May	14	11	25
2024 April	14	17	31
2024 March	17	15	32
2024 February	7	13	20
2024 January	13	14	27
2023 December	8	14	22
2023 November	17	27	44
2023 October	17	27	44
2023 September	17	9	26
2023 August	5	3	8
2023 July	3	9	12
2023 June	15	0	15
2023 May	47	0	47
2023 April	42	0	42
2023 March	31	5	36
2023 February	11	1	12
2023 January	19	3	22
2022 December	26	4	30

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