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CLINICAL SCIENCE
Computed tomography imaging of early coronary artery lesions in stable individuals with multiple cardiovascular risk factors
Xi Yang, Hong Huang, Hong Liu
Corresponding author
liuhong077@163.com

Corresponding authors:
, Zhi-Yu Zeng, Jie Zhang
Division of Geriatrics Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, China
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="cesec10" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cestitle60">INTRODUCTION</span><p id="para10" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cardiovascular disease is determined not only by the severity of a single risk factor but also by multiple risk factors coexisting in an individual and the significant synergistic effects among them&#46; With the increase in coexisting risk factors&#44; the incidence of cardiovascular disease also increases&#46; Early intervention for cardiovascular risk factors and early recognition of coronary artery lesions could reduce the incidence of coronary heart disease events &#40;1&#8211;3&#41;&#46;</p><p id="para20" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Imaging examinations have significant value for the diagnosis of coronary heart disease &#40;2&#44;4&#41;&#46; Selective coronary arteriography is a recognized &#8220;gold standard&#8221; for diagnosing coronary heart disease&#46; However&#44; it is an invasive examination and has some limitations&#44; including relatively high requirements for operators&#39; technical skills&#44; high risks&#44; high examination costs&#44; poor reproducibility&#44; and certain operation contraindications and postoperative complications&#46; In addition&#44; selective coronary arteriography only determines the degree of artery stenosis based on the filling condition of contrast agents and cannot determine the nature of coronary atherosclerotic plaques&#46; Therefore&#44; its application in screening for coronary heart disease is limited &#40;4&#8211;6&#41;&#46; Multi-detector spiral computed tomography &#40;MDCT&#41; has become an important noninvasive method for the diagnosis of and screening for coronary heart disease&#46; Newer technologies&#44; such as 256-slice CT or 320-row detector CT&#44; have emerged and have been used during coronary computed tomography angiography &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib2">7</a>&#41;&#46; The clinical application of 64-slice spiral CT is the most &#40;almost universally&#41; used platform for cardiac CT and can provide an accurate evaluation of the degree of stenosis of coronary atherosclerosis and the nature of coronary atherosclerotic plaques&#44; thus playing an important role in the diagnosis and assessment of coronary heart disease&#46; The applicability of 64-slice spiral CT in the diagnosis and risk assessment of coronary heart disease has obtained a certain degree of recognition &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib3">8</a>&#8211;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib5">10</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="para30" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To the best of our knowledge&#44; the evaluation of early coronary atherosclerotic diseases in a high-risk population has scarcely been reported&#46; In this study&#44; we evaluated the degree of coronary atherosclerosis in a high-risk population using 64-slice spiral CT imaging and investigated the value of CT imaging for the early recognition of coronary atherosclerosis&#46;</p></span><span id="cesec20" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cestitle70">METHODS</span><span id="cesec30" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cestitle80">Patient recruitment and exclusion criteria</span><p id="para40" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The present study was performed at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from September 2010 to September 2011&#46; The study was approved by the ethics committee of the hospital&#46; Written informed consent was obtained from all of the participants&#46; The patients who had more than three of the following risk factors were included in the high-risk group&#58; hypertension &#40;based on the 1999 WHO&#47;ISH diagnostic standard&#41;&#59; diabetes mellitus&#44; impaired glucose tolerance&#44; or impaired fasting glucose &#40;based on the 1999 WHO diagnostic standard&#41;&#59; total cholesterol &#40;TC&#41; &#8805; 6&#46;22 mmol&#47;L&#44; low-density lipoprotein &#40;LDL&#41; &#8805; 4&#46;14 mmol&#47;L&#44; high-density lipoprotein &#40;HDL&#41; &#60; 1&#46;04 mmol&#47;L and&#47;or triglycerides &#40;TG&#41; &#8805; 2&#46;26 mmol&#47;L&#59; smoking&#59; and body mass index &#40;BMI&#41; &#8805; 24 kg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> &#40;1&#44;11&#41;&#46; Seventy-seven patients with three or more risk factors &#40;high-risk group&#41; and 39 controls &#40;no-risk group&#41; with none of the above cardiovascular risk factors were included&#46;</p><p id="para50" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The exclusion criteria were as follows&#58; patients with confirmed coronary heart disease who had received coronary stent implantation or coronary artery bypass graft&#59; patients with grade 3 or 4 cardiac function according to the New York Heart Association &#40;NYHA&#41; functional classification&#59; patients with atrial fibrillation or atrial premature beats and&#47;or ventricular premature beats&#59; patients with severe hepatic and renal insufficiencies&#59; patients with severe respiratory insufficiency&#59; pregnant women&#59; patients with hyperthyroidism&#59; and patients with iodine allergy&#46;</p></span><span id="cesec40" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cestitle90">Assessment of metabolic parameters</span><p id="para60" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Fasting venous blood samples were collected from all subjects in the morning&#46; The sample detection and data report were completed by the Department of Laboratory Medicine at The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University&#46; Blood lipids and glucose were detected using a Hitachi 7170A automatic biochemical analyzer&#46; All required reagents were provided by Shanghai ZhiCheng Biological Technology&#46;</p></span><span id="cesec50" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cestitle100">CT scanning</span><p id="para70" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The examination was performed using a GE 64 Light Speed VCT-XT multi-detector CT scanner &#40;USA&#41;&#46; Post-processing was performed using the GE AW4&#46;4 workstation for reconstruction&#46; The subjects with a heart rate &#40;HR&#41; higher than 75 bpm were given 25 mg oral metoprolol 30 min before CT scanning&#46; If subjects had &#946;-blocker contraindications or unsatisfactory HR reduction after medication &#40;higher than 70 bpm&#41;&#44; the examination was not continued&#46; The main CT parameters were previously described &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib3">8</a>&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib4">9</a>&#41;&#46; The reconstruction of original images was based on the scanning data to obtain the corresponding R-R interval&#46; The coronary CT angiogram &#40;CTA&#41; was reconstructed&#44; and Cardiac IQ post-processing software was employed for evaluation&#46;</p></span><span id="cesec60" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cestitle110">Evaluation of CT observations</span><p id="para80" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The conditions of lesions in four major arteries in the coronary artery system were observed&#58; the left anterior descending branch &#40;LAD&#41;&#44; left circumflex artery branch &#40;LCX&#41;&#44; right coronary artery &#40;RCA&#41;&#44; and left main coronary artery &#40;LMCA&#41;&#46; Lesions involving the LAD&#44; LMCA&#44; and RCA were classified as single-branch lesions&#44; double-branch lesions&#44; and multi-branch lesions&#44; respectively&#46; Lesions involving more than two branches were classified as multi-branch lesions&#46; A diffuse lesion was defined as a lesion with a length &#8805; 20 mm and involving multiple sites in a single branch&#44; which caused the entire or the majority of the involved blood vessels to be slender and stiff or slender and significantly tortuous&#46; The quantification of the lesions followed the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography &#40;SCCT&#41; recommendation on grading and plaque characteristics&#44; as published &#40;5&#41;&#46; According to the percentage of the diameter with coronary stenosis&#44; coronary artery stenosis was classified as grades 0&#8211;5&#58; normal&#44; 0&#58; absence of plaque and no luminal stenosis&#59; minimal&#44; 1&#58; plaque with &#60;25&#37; stenosis&#59; mild&#44; 2&#58; 25&#37;&#8211;49&#37; stenosis&#59; moderate&#44; 3&#58; 50&#37;&#8211;69&#37; stenosis&#59; severe&#44; 4&#58; 70&#37;&#8211;99&#37; stenosis&#59; occluded&#44; 5&#46;</p><p id="para90" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">After scanning&#44; the original data were transferred to an AW4&#46;4 workstation for post-processing using EDIT SECTION in Cardiac IQ to measure the lumen area &#40;LA&#41;&#44; the vascular ring area &#40;VA&#41;&#44; and the measured CT number of the plaque&#46;</p><p id="para100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The plaque displayed in the CT images was evenly divided into four segments&#46; CT values at four points randomly chosen on the image at the maximum intensity projection &#40;MIP&#41; plane &#40;1 mm&#41; of each segment were averaged to evaluate the nature of the plaque&#46; The classification of coronary atherosclerotic plaques based on spiral CT values of plaques was adopted in this study&#58; a CT value &#60; 60 HU indicated a soft plaque&#44; 60&#8211;129 HU indicated a mixed plaque&#44; and &#8805; 130 HU indicated a hard plaque &#40;5&#44;8&#44;9&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="cesec70" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cestitle120">Statistical analyses</span><p id="para110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The results are expressed as the mean &#177; SD for quantitative variables with normal distributions&#46; Skewed parameters are presented as the median and range &#40;min&#8211;max&#41;&#46; Comparisons between the two groups were performed using Student&#39;s <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span> test&#46; The chi-squared test was utilized to compare other clinical features&#46; Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS 18&#46;0 software &#40;SPSS Inc&#46;&#44; Chicago&#44; IL&#41;&#46; A two-tailed <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-value <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#60;</span> 0&#46;05 was considered statistically significant&#46;</p></span></span><span id="cesec80" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cestitle130">RESULTS</span><p id="para120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There was no significant difference in age or gender between these two groups&#46; In the high-risk factor group&#44; there were 66 cases of hypertension &#40;85&#46;7&#37;&#41;&#44; 53 cases of diabetes mellitus &#40;68&#46;8&#37;&#41;&#44; 51 cases of dyslipidemia &#40;66&#46;2&#37;&#41;&#44; 33 cases with a history of smoking &#40;42&#46;9&#37;&#41;&#44; and 31 cases of overweight or obesity &#40;40&#46;2&#37;&#41;&#46; The differences in TG&#44; HDL-C&#44; fasting blood sugar &#40;FBG&#41;&#44; 2 h postprandial blood glucose &#40;2hPBG&#41;&#44; and body mass index &#40;BMI&#41; were statistically significant &#40;all <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> &#60; 0&#46;05&#41; between the high-risk group and the control group&#44; whereas LDL-C was similar between the groups &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl1">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl1"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="para130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#tbl2">Tables 2&#8211;4</a>&#44; the patients with multiple coronary risk factors had a higher incidence of coronary atherosclerosis&#46; The degrees of stenosis at the LAD&#44; LCX&#44; LMCA&#44; and RCA were significantly more severe in the high-risk group compared with the control group &#40;all <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> &#60; 0&#46;05&#41;&#46; The nature of the plaques at the LAD&#44; LCX&#44; LMCA&#44; and RCA were all significantly different between the two groups &#40;all <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> &#60; 0&#46;05&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl2"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl3"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl4"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="cesec90" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cestitle140">DISCUSSION</span><p id="para140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In this study&#44; the lesions in coronary arteries were more significant in the high-risk group than in the control group&#46; The results indicated that the incidence of lesions in all coronary artery branches&#44; the number of involved coronary artery branches&#44; and the incidence of diffuse lesions were all higher in the high-risk population than in the no-risk population&#46; These findings are consistent with the pattern that the accumulation of multiple risk factors increases the incidence of cardiovascular diseases&#46;</p><p id="para150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The recognized major risk factors for cardiovascular disease can be divided into variable risk factors and independent risk factors&#46; The former include hypertension&#44; smoking&#44; diabetes mellitus&#44; dyslipidemia&#44; overweight&#44; and obesity&#44; whereas the latter include age and gender&#46; With the increased incidence of each major cardiovascular risk factor&#44; high-risk populations with multiple risk factors have also expanded&#44; and the number of risk factors accumulating in the high-risk population has increased accordingly &#40;1&#8211;3&#44;12&#8211;14&#41;&#46; Our results reflect this trend&#46;</p><p id="para160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Coronary artery stenosis caused by atherosclerosis is a major coronary artery lesion in coronary heart disease&#46; MDCT not only can effectively detect the origin and spatial position of each coronary artery branch but also has high sensitivity and specificity in measuring stenotic severity&#46; Previous studies have confirmed the diagnostic value of the 64-slice spiral CT coronary angiography for coronary artery stenosis&#46; MDCT represented by 64-slice spiral CT has been extensively applied in the clinic&#46; Because of its various merits&#44; such as fast scanning speed&#44; minimal damage&#44; and high temporal and spatial resolution&#44; this technology has become an important noninvasive diagnostic and screening method for the evaluation of coronary artery lesions &#40;4&#8211;10&#44;15&#44;16&#41;&#46; In this study&#44; the incidence of the lesions at each branch of the coronary arteries was higher in the study group&#59; in particular&#44; the incidence of multiple-branch lesions &#40;40&#46;3&#37;&#41; was much higher than that of single-branch lesions&#46; The incidence of diffuse lesions in the high-risk group was seven times that of the control group&#46; The degrees of stenosis and the nature of the plaques at the LMCA&#44; LAD&#44; LCX&#44; and RCA were more significant in the high-risk group compared with the control group&#46; Our study indicated that in addition to a single risk factor&#44; the accumulation of multiple risk factors is also associated with the severity of coronary artery stenosis&#46;</p><p id="para170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The detection of CAC through noninvasive medical imaging technologies is important for the diagnosis and risk assessment of coronary heart disease &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib12">17</a>&#41;&#46; The nature and components of plaques according to CT values showed a very good correlation with the IVUS results &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib13">18</a>&#41;&#46; In the present study&#44; the incidence of soft plaques and mixed plaques at all coronary artery branches was higher in the high-risk population than in the no-risk population&#46; The control and high-risk groups had similar incidences of hard plaques at both the LCX and RCA&#44; but the incidence of hard plaques at the LMCA and LAD in the high-risk population was higher than that in the no-risk population&#46;</p><p id="para180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The clinical assessment of an individual with suspected stable coronary artery disease &#40;CAD&#41; is usually complemented by noninvasive tests&#46; Cardiac computed tomography angiography &#40;CCTA&#41; has broadened the options for the assessment of CAD patients and is a potentially beneficial alternative for individuals with an intermediate or low pretest likelihood of disease &#40;PLD&#41;&#46; The cost-effectiveness of different diagnostic strategies in suspected stable coronary artery disease as well as seven diagnostic strategies were well assessed&#46; Among the strategies&#44; CCTA is the most cost effective in symptomatic patients with suspected stable coronary disease and a PLD of &#8804;50&#37;&#46; In high-risk patients&#44; immediate invasive coronary angiography appears to be the most cost-effective strategy&#46; In all pretest likelihoods of disease&#44; strategies based on ischemia appear to be more expensive and less effective compared with those based on anatomical tests&#46; The use of CCTA is a cost- and time-effective strategy for the evaluation of low-risk &#40;&#60;30&#37; CAD prevalence&#41; acute chest pain patients in the emergency department and can be used for the safe exclusion of acute coronary syndrome &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib14">19</a>&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib15">20</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="para190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Hypertension&#44; smoking&#44; diabetes mellitus&#44; dyslipidemia&#44; overweight&#44; and obesity are all major variable risk factors of coronary heart disease &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1">1</a>&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib6">11</a>&#41;&#46; The incidence of coronary artery lesions in the high-risk population with multiple risk factors is significantly higher than in the control population&#46; Biochemical measurements of cardiovascular risk factors are more convenient and cost less than coronary CT&#46; Sixty-four-slice spiral CT coronary artery scanning can effectively detect coronary artery lesions in patients with multiple cardiovascular risk factors&#44; indicating its high clinical value for the early diagnosis of coronary disease in high-risk populations &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib10">15</a>&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib11">16</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="para200" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The incidences of various risk factors&#44; such as hypertension&#44; dyslipidemia&#44; and diabetes mellitus&#44; all increase with age&#46; Because age and gender are important independent risk factors of coronary heart disease&#44; a full understanding of the impacts of age and gender on coronary heart disease and other risk factors is important for the prevention and treatment of coronary heart diseases&#46; Therefore&#44; active intervention to improve the variable cardiovascular risk factors in clinical practice can play a pivotal role in the prevention and treatment of coronary heart diseases&#46; A combination of regular exercise&#44; healthy diet&#44; smoking avoidance&#44; and weight maintenance was associated with lower coronary calcium incidence&#44; slower calcium progression&#44; and lower all-cause mortality over 7&#46;6 years &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib16">21</a>&#41;&#46; In addition to the impacts of the severity of each single risk factor on the risk of cardiovascular disease&#44; we should also pay attention to the importance of the presence of multiple risk factors in a single individual&#46;</p></span><span id="cesec100" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cestitle150">AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS</span><p id="para210" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Yang X was responsible for the study design and the manuscript preparation&#46; Huang H&#44; Zeng ZY and Zhang J collected and analyzed the data&#46; Liu H was the principal investigator of the study and was responsible for the study design and manuscript finalization&#46; All authors read and approved the final manuscript&#46;</p></span></span>"
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          "identificador" => "cesec10"
          "titulo" => "INTRODUCTION"
        ]
        2 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "cesec20"
          "titulo" => "METHODS"
          "secciones" => array:5 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "cesec30"
              "titulo" => "Patient recruitment and exclusion criteria"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "cesec40"
              "titulo" => "Assessment of metabolic parameters"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "cesec50"
              "titulo" => "CT scanning"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "cesec60"
              "titulo" => "Evaluation of CT observations"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "cesec70"
              "titulo" => "Statistical analyses"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        3 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "cesec80"
          "titulo" => "RESULTS"
        ]
        4 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "cesec90"
          "titulo" => "DISCUSSION"
        ]
        5 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "cesec100"
          "titulo" => "AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS"
        ]
        6 => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "REFERENCES"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2014-06-19"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2015-01-26"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:1 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "KEYWORDS"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1582344"
          "palabras" => array:3 [
            0 => "Coronary atherosclerosis"
            1 => "Cardiovascular risk factor"
            2 => "CT imaging"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:1 [
      "en" => array:2 [
        "resumen" => "<span id="ceabs10" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cestitle10">OBJECTIVES&#58;</span><p id="spara50" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To investigate the prevalence&#44; extent&#44; severity&#44; and features of coronary artery lesions in stable patients with multiple cardiovascular risk factors&#46;</p></span> <span id="ceabs20" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cestitle20">METHODS&#58;</span><p id="spara60" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Seventy-seven patients with more than 3 cardiovascular risk factors were suspected of having coronary artery disease&#46; Patients with high-risk factors and 39 controls with no risk factors were enrolled in the study&#46; The related risk factors included hypertension&#44; impaired glucose tolerance&#44; dyslipidemia&#44; smoking history&#44; and overweight&#46; The characteristics of coronary lesions were identified and evaluated by 64-slice coronary computed tomography angiography&#46;</p></span> <span id="ceabs30" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cestitle30">RESULTS&#58;</span><p id="spara70" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The incidence of coronary atherosclerosis was higher in the high-risk group than in the no-risk group&#46; The involved branches of the coronary artery&#44; the diffusivity of the lesion&#44; the degree of stenosis&#44; and the nature of the plaques were significantly more severe in the high-risk group compared with the no-risk group &#40;all <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> &#60; 0&#46;05&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="ceabs40" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cestitle40">CONCLUSION&#58;</span><p id="spara80" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Among stable individuals with high-risk factors&#44; early coronary artery lesions are common and severe&#46; Computed tomography has promising value for the early screening of coronary lesions&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "ceabs10"
            "titulo" => "OBJECTIVES&#58;"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "ceabs20"
            "titulo" => "METHODS&#58;"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "ceabs30"
            "titulo" => "RESULTS&#58;"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "ceabs40"
            "titulo" => "CONCLUSION&#58;"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "NotaPie" => array:1 [
      0 => array:1 [
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="cenpara10">No potential conflict of interest was reported&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "multimedia" => array:4 [
      0 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl1"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:1 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
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              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="middle" scope="col"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Variables</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="middle" scope="col"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">No-risk group &#40;n &#989; 39&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="middle" scope="col"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">High-risk group &#40;n &#989; 77&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="middle" scope="col"><span class="elsevierStyleBold"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p-</span>value</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="middle">Gender &#40;M&#47;F&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="middle">22&#47;17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="middle">57&#47;20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">0&#46;054&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="middle">Age &#40;years&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">57 &#177; 12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">60 &#177; 12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">0&#46;140&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="middle">BMI &#62; 24 kg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="middle">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="middle">31&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="middle">BMI &#40;kg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">21&#46;71 &#177; 2&#46;39&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">26&#46;65 &#177; 3&#46;24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="middle">Diabetes &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="middle">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="middle">53&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="middle">Dyslipidemia &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="middle">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="middle">51&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="middle">Hypertension &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="middle">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="middle">66&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="middle">Smoking &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="middle">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="middle">33&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="middle">FBG &#40;mmol&#47;L&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">4&#46;83 &#177; 0&#46;56&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">6&#46;76 &#177; 2&#46;90&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="middle">2hPBG &#40;mmol&#47;L&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">6&#46;05 &#177; 1&#46;21&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">11&#46;65 &#177; 3&#46;71&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="middle">TG &#40;mmol&#47;L&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">1&#46;09 &#177; 0&#46;47&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">2&#46;78 &#177; 3&#46;16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="middle">HDL-C &#40;mmol&#47;L&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">1&#46;50 &#177; 0&#46;33&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">1&#46;18 &#177; 0&#46;39&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="middle">LDL-C &#40;mmol&#47;L&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">2&#46;76 &#177; 0&#46;92&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">2&#46;78 &#177; 1&#46;11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">0&#46;926&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spara10" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Clinical and biochemical characteristics of the study participants&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl2"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 2"
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        "tabla" => array:1 [
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="middle" scope="col"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Variables</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="middle" scope="col"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">No-risk group &#40;n &#989; 39&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="middle" scope="col"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">High-risk group &#40;n &#989; 77&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="middle" scope="col"><span class="elsevierStyleBold"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p-</span>value</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="middle">LAD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">44&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">0&#46;031&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="middle">LCX&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">28&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">0&#46;019&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="middle">LMCA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">0&#46;048&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="middle">RCA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">42&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">0&#46;003&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="middle">Diffuse lesions&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">63&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spara20" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Lesions of the LMCA&#44; LAD&#44; LCX&#44; and RCA between the two groups&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      2 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl3"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 3"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="tfn1" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Comparison with the control group&#58; &#40;&#42;&#41; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> &#60; 0&#46;05&#44; &#40;&#42;&#42;&#41; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> &#60; 0&#46;001&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:1 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="char" valign="middle" scope="col"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Variables</span></th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="center" valign="middle" scope="col"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">No-risk group &#40;n &#989; 39&#41;</span></th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="center" valign="middle" scope="col"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">High-risk group &#40;n &#989; 77&#41;</span></th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="middle" scope="col"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Normal-Minimal &#40;n&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="middle" scope="col"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Mild &#40;n&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="middle" scope="col"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Moderate &#40;n&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="middle" scope="col"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Severe &#40;n&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="middle" scope="col"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Normal-Minimal &#40;n&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="middle" scope="col"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Mild &#40;n&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="middle" scope="col"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Moderate &#40;n&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="middle" scope="col"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Severe &#40;n&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="middle">LAD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">32&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">38<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">12&#42;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">11&#42;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="middle">LCX&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">37&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">56<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">12&#42;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="middle">LMCA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">39&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">65&#42;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">7&#42;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="middle">RCA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">33&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">57&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">19&#42;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spara30" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The degree of coronary artery stenosis between the two groups&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      3 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl4"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 4"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="tfn2" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Comparison with the control group&#58; &#40;&#42;&#41; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> &#60; 0&#46;05&#44; &#40;&#42;&#42;&#41; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> &#60; 0&#46;001&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:1 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="char" valign="middle" scope="col"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Variables</span></th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="center" valign="middle" scope="col"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">No-risk group &#40;n &#989; 39&#41;</span></th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="center" valign="middle" scope="col"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">High-risk group &#40;n &#989; 77&#41;</span></th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="middle" scope="col"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Normal &#40;n&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="middle" scope="col"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Soft &#40;n&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="middle" scope="col"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Mixed &#40;n&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="middle" scope="col"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Hard &#40;n&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="middle" scope="col"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Normal &#40;n&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="middle" scope="col"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Soft &#40;n&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="middle" scope="col"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Mixed &#40;n&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="middle" scope="col"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Hard &#40;n&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="middle">LAD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">33&#42;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">21&#42;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="middle">LCX&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">33&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">49&#42;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">10&#42;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="middle">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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Article information
ISSN: 18075932
Original language: English
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2024 June 20 15 35
2024 May 22 12 34
2024 April 29 15 44
2024 March 17 11 28
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2023 December 12 16 28
2023 November 7 18 25
2023 October 11 22 33
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2023 August 11 3 14
2023 July 8 11 19
2023 June 10 0 10
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2023 April 32 0 32
2023 March 28 6 34
2023 February 31 1 32
2023 January 24 9 33
2022 December 13 2 15
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es en pt

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?

Você é um profissional de saúde habilitado a prescrever ou dispensar medicamentos