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EDITORIAL
IN THE FEBRUARY 2007 ISSUE OF CLINICS
Mauricio Rocha-e-Silva
Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo University Medical School – São Paulo/SP, Brazil.
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="para10" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This issue of CLINICS opens our 3<span class="elsevierStyleSup">rd</span> year of existence&#46; We now operate through a new Editorial Management system&#44; with Manuscript Central&#44; which we hope will help us to acquire increased international visibility&#46; In this issue we wish to highlight an interesting anatomical study by Daniel et al&#46; on pharyngeal dimensions of 10 volunteer healthy men and 10 women in a quest for possible explanations for the higher prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea in men&#46; The interesting finding is that pharyngeal air columns exhibited similar dimensions in men and women&#44; but that in women this column is surrounded by smaller&#44; lighter structures&#46; This might imply a smaller effort for women to keep airway patency&#46; Thus&#44; an anatomical protective factor in women against the upper airway collapse may exist&#46; We publish 9 other original research papers&#46;</p><p id="para20" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Carvalho et al</span> describe patterns of detection and optical correction among 578 ophthalmologists and resident physicians to determine age of first ophthalmic evaluation and optical prescription along with present optical correction among ophthalmologists of different age groups&#46; This cross-sectional study&#44; conducted through a self-administered questionnaire&#44; detected average ages for &#40;i&#41; first ophthalmologic exam&#44; &#40;ii&#41; use of first optical prescription&#44; and &#40;iii&#41; the types of chosen corrective devices&#46; Authors conclude that the first ophthalmic evaluation and corresponding optical correction occurred relatively late&#44; and take this as a sign of general habits in the Brazilian population&#46;</p><p id="para30" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Pinho et al</span> compared a new evaluation method &#40;EMAPO&#41; to the method of the American College of Physicians for determining the risk of cardiovascular complications in noncardiac surgeries searching for new influencing variables&#46; Scores through both criteria were obtained for 700 patients&#46; Mortality rates and the incidence of cardiovascular complications were documented&#46; Renal failure&#44; major surgery&#44; and emergency surgery were independently related to the occurrence of cardiovascular complications&#44; with similar results obtained through the two methods&#46; EMAPO was thus as good as the American College of Physicians method in determining the risk of cardiovascular complications in non-cardiac surgeries&#44; but identified new variables related to surgical risk&#46;</p><p id="para40" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Canzian et al</span> assessed the predictive value and impact on survival of a semi quantitative scoring procedure performed on lung biopsies from 63 patients with diffuse pulmonary infiltrate and found that female gender&#44; the presence of diffuse alveolar damage&#44; acute or chronic histological changes were associated with increased death risk&#46; All of which suggests that a detailed analysis of histological specimens can provide valuable information concerning prognosis&#46;</p><p id="para50" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Casella et al</span> describe the late results of catheter-directed recombinant tissue plasminogen activator fibrinolytic therapy applied to 18 patients with iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis and conclude that this is a safe and effective method for the treatment of acute iliofemoral venous thrombosis&#46; The late evolution as revealed clinically and by ultrasound was superior in patients for whom lytic therapy was effective&#46;</p><p id="para60" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Costa et al</span> endoscopically studied the postoperative structural changes of the intranasal ostium following external dacryocystorhinostomy observed in 50 patients to evaluate the influence of saline solution and 5-fluorouracil&#44; and found that 5-fluorouracil does not significantly influence the final size of the surgical fistula as determined 2 months post surgery&#46;</p><p id="para70" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Zilberstein et al</span> standardized methods of sample collection of mucus from the digestive tract &#40;mouth&#44; esophagus&#44; stomach&#44; duodenum&#44; jejunum&#44; ileum&#44; colon&#44; rectum&#41;&#44; in order to determine the microbiota in a sample &#40;n&#61;64&#41; of healthy Brazilian volunteers&#46; The collection methods developed were efficient in obtaining adequate samples from each segment of the total digestive tract to reveal the normal microbiota&#46; These procedures are safe and easily reproducible for microbiological studies&#46;</p><p id="para80" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Maciel et al</span> characterized the different components of metabolic acidosis in 58 patients with hyperlactatemia in order to determine the degree to which lactate is responsible for the acidosis and the relevance that this might have in their outcome&#46; They found that hyperlactatemia is usually accompanied by metabolic acidemia&#44; but lactate that is responsible for a lesser portion of the acidosis&#44; whereas unmeasured anions account for most of the acidosis in these patients&#46; They conclude that the fraction of the acidosis due to hyperlactatemia was not relevant in terms of outcome&#46;</p><p id="para90" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Lucareli et al</span> determined the effect of clinically prescribed floor reaction ankle-foot orthosis on kinematic parameters of the hip&#44; knee and ankle in the stance phase of the gait cycle&#44; compared to barefoot walking on 71 children with cerebral palsy&#46; The results obtained from this study show that maximum knee extension and ankle dorsiflexion were significantly affected in moderately limited patients while no change was observed in severely affected children&#46; The maximum hip extension was not significantly affected in any of the three groups&#46; Authors conclude that when indicated to improve the extension of the knees and ankle in the stance of the cerebral palsy patients floor reaction ankle-foot orthosis was effective&#46;</p><p id="para100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Terrabuio Junior et al</span> present the more frequent associations found in 558 autopsies of immunocompromised patients who developed secondary interstitial pneumonia as well as the risk of death &#40;odds ratio&#41; in having specific secondary interstitial pneumonia according to the cause of immunocompromise&#46; The conclude that patients with secondary immunosuppression who developed secondary interstitial pneumonia during treatment in hospital should be evaluated to avoid death by diffuse alveolar damage&#44; pulmonary edema&#44; bronchopneumonia&#44; lung hemorrhage&#44; pulmonary thromboembolism&#44; or lung metastasis&#46; The high-risk patients are those immunosuppressed by hematologic disease&#59; those under steroid treatment&#59; or those with colon or hepatic carcinoma&#44; cachexia&#44; or arterial hypertension&#46;</p><p id="para110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We also publish a review by Maturana et al on menopause&#44; estrogens&#44; and endothelial dysfunction&#44; and 3 case reports&#46;</p><span id="cesec10" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cestitle10">NO FASC&#205;CULO DE FEVEREIRO 2007 DE CLINICS</span><p id="para120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Este fasc&#237;culo de CLINICS d&#225; inicio ao nosso terceiro ano volume&#46; J&#225; estamos operando com Manuscript Central&#44; que nos dar&#225; melhor visibilidade internacional&#46; Neste fasc&#237;culo destacamos um interessante estudo anat&#244;mico por Daniel et al&#46; sobre as demins&#245;es faringianas de 20 volunt&#225;rios saud&#225;veis&#44; 10 homens e 10 mulheres na busca por poss&#237;veis fatores explicativos da alta incid&#234;ncia de apn&#233;ia obstrutiva do sono em homens&#46; O dado interessante que resulta desta pesquisa &#233; que embora a coluna de ar seja de dimens&#245;es semelhantes nos dois sexos&#44; na mulher a coluna de ar &#233; cercada de estruturas menos volumosas&#44; sugerindo um menor esfor&#231;o para manter patente as vias a&#233;reas superiores patentes no sexo feminino&#46; Estes dados sugerem a exist&#234;ncia de um fator de prote&#231;&#227;o anat&#244;mico contra o colapso das vias a&#233;reas superiores nas mulheres&#46; Publicamos 9 outros artigos de pesquisa original&#46;</p><p id="para130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Carvalho et al</span> descrevem padr&#245;es de detec&#231;&#227;o e uso de corre&#231;&#227;o &#243;ptica entre 578 oftalmologistas e residentes&#44; para determinar idade de primeira avalia&#231;&#227;o e de primeiro prescri&#231;&#227;o corretiva&#46; O estudo transversal&#44; realizado atrav&#233;s de aplica&#231;&#227;o de question&#225;rio&#44; revelou &#40;i&#41; a idade m&#233;dia de primeiro exame&#44; &#40;ii&#41; a idade m&#233;dia de primeira prescri&#231;&#227;o e &#40;iii&#41; o tipo de corretivo preferido&#46; Os autores concluem que a primeira avalia&#231;&#227;o e a primeira corre&#231;&#227;o prescrita ocorrem relativamente tarde e que isto pode ser um sinal aplic&#225;vel a toda a popula&#231;&#227;o brasileira&#46;</p><p id="para140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Pinho et al</span> comparam um novo m&#233;todo de avalia&#231;&#227;o ao m&#233;todo do American College of Physicians para determinar o risco de complica&#231;&#245;es cardiovasculares em cirurgias n&#227;o card&#237;acas&#44; na busca por novas vari&#225;veis significativas&#46; Escores foram obtidos atrav&#233;s dos dois crit&#233;rios para 700 pacientes&#46; A mortalidade e a incid&#234;ncia de complica&#231;&#245;es cardiovasculares foi documentada&#46; A presen&#231;a de insufici&#234;ncia renal&#44; cirurgias de grande porte e cirurgias de emerg&#234;ncia correlacionaram-se com a ocorr&#234;ncia de complica&#231;&#245;es cardiovasculares&#44; com resultados semelhantes por ambos os m&#233;todos&#46; Assim EMAPO e o m&#233;todo do American College of Physicians s&#227;o equivalentes&#44; mas o primeiro revelou novos fatores relacionados ao risco cir&#250;rgico&#46;</p><p id="para150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Canzian et al</span> analisaram o valor preditivo e o impacto sobre sobrevida de uma an&#225;lise semiquantitativa de biopsias pulmonares de 63 pacientes com infiltrado pulmonar difuso e conclu&#237;ram que o sexo feminino&#44; a presen&#231;a de les&#227;o alveolar difusa&#44; ou de altera&#231;&#245;es histol&#243;gicas cr&#244;nicas ou agudas associam-se com aumento do risco de morte&#46; Conclu&#237;ram que uma an&#225;lise detalhada de esp&#233;cimes histol&#243;gicos pode fornecer informa&#231;&#227;o valiosa relativa a progn&#243;stico&#46;</p><p id="para160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Casella et al</span> descrevem os resultados tardios de uma terapia fibrinol&#237;tica a base ativador de plasminog&#234;nio tissular recombinante aplicada a 18 pacientes com trombose &#237;lio-femoral profunda e concluem que o m&#233;todo &#233; seguro e eficaz&#46; Para o tratamento de tromboses agudas&#46; A evolu&#231;&#227;o tardia observada clinicamente e atrav&#233;s de ultrassonografia demonstrou que o tratamento foi superior em pacientes em que a terapia l&#237;tica foi efetiva&#46;</p><p id="para170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Costa et al</span> estudaram endoscopicamente as altera&#231;&#245;es estruturais p&#243;s-operat&#243;rias do &#243;stio intranasal ap&#243;s dacriocistorrinostomia externa&#44; observadas em 50 pacientes para avaliar a influ&#234;ncia da solu&#231;&#227;o salina e do 5 fluorouracil&#44; chegando &#224; conclus&#227;o de o 5 fluorouracil n&#227;o influencia significantemente no tamanho final da f&#237;stula cir&#250;rgica durante os dois meses de avalia&#231;&#227;o&#46;</p><p id="para180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Zilberstein et al</span> padronizaram m&#233;todos de coleta do muco do trato digestivo &#40;boca&#44; es&#244;fago&#44; est&#244;mago&#44; duodeno&#44; jejuno e &#237;leo&#44; c&#243;lon&#44; reto&#41; para determinar a microbiota de uma amostra &#40;n&#61;64&#41; de brasileiros saud&#225;veis&#46; Os m&#233;todos de coleta desenvolvidos foram considerados eficientes para obten&#231;&#227;o adequada de amostra de cada segmento do trato digestivo total para caracterizar a microbiota normal&#46; Estes procedimentos s&#227;o seguros e facilmente reprodut&#237;veis para estudo microbiol&#243;gico&#46;</p><p id="para190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Maciel et al</span> caracterizaram os diferentes componentes da acidose metab&#243;lica de 58 pacientes com hiperlactatemia de modo a verificar o quanto o lactato &#233; respons&#225;vel pela acidose e a relev&#226;ncia que isso possa ter no progn&#243;stico desses pacientes&#46; Observaram que a hiperlactatemia geralmente se acompanha de acidemia&#44; mas que o lactato &#233; respons&#225;vel por uma parcela menor da acidose&#44; enquanto que anions n&#227;o medidos d&#227;o conta da maior parte da acidose dos pacientes&#46; Concluem que a fra&#231;&#227;o de acidose devida &#224; hiperlactatemia &#233; irrelevante para a evolu&#231;&#227;o dos pacientes&#46;</p><p id="para200" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Lucarelli et al</span> determinaram o efeito que a &#243;rtese de rea&#231;&#227;o ao solo tem na cinem&#225;tica angular das articula&#231;&#245;es do quadril&#44; joelho e tornozelo durante a fase de apoio da marcha de crian&#231;as com paralisia cerebral&#44; comparando a marcha descal&#231;a e com o uso das &#243;rteses&#46; Os resultados demonstraram que o pico de extens&#227;o do joelho e o pico de dorsiflex&#227;o tiveram altera&#231;&#245;es significantes em pacientes com limita&#231;&#227;o moderada&#44; enquanto que os pacientes mais severamente limitados n&#227;o apresentaram altera&#231;&#227;o&#46; O pico de extens&#227;o do quadril n&#227;o mostrou altera&#231;&#227;o&#46; Concluem os autores que a &#243;rtese de rea&#231;&#227;o ao solo &#233; eficaz quando indicada para aumentar a extens&#227;o do joelho e tornozelo durante a fase de apoio da marcha de crian&#231;as com paralisia cerebral&#46;</p><p id="para210" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Terrabuio Junior et al</span> apresentam as associa&#231;&#245;es mais freq&#252;entes encontradas em aut&#243;psias de pacientes imunossuprimidos que desenvolveram pneumonia intersticial secund&#225;ria bem como o risco de &#243;bito &#40;Odds Ratio&#41; de desenvolver pneumonia intersticial secund&#225;ria associada &#224; causa da imunossupress&#227;o&#46; Concluem que os pacientes que desenvolveram imunossupress&#227;o secund&#225;ria durante o tratamento dentro do hospital devem ser avaliados para evitar como evento final o dano alveolar difuso&#44; o edema pulmonar&#44; a broncopneumonia&#44; a hemorragia pulmonar&#44; o tromboembolismo pulmonar e a met&#225;stase pulmonar&#46; Os pacientes com aumento de risco s&#227;o aqueles imunossuprimidos por doen&#231;a hematol&#243;gica&#44; sob tratamento com ester&#243;ides&#44; carcinoma hep&#225;tico&#44; caquexia e hipertens&#227;o&#46;</p><p id="para220" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Publicamos tamb&#233;m uma revis&#227;o por Maturana et al sobre menopausa&#44; estr&#243;genos e disfun&#231;&#227;o endotelial&#44; bem como 3 relatos de casos&#46;</p></span></span>"
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Article information
ISSN: 18075932
Original language: English
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