Editorial
Pesticide exposure and human health: Toxic legacy
a Ministério do Desenvolvimento Agrário e Agricultura Familiar (MDA), Brasília, DF, Brazil
b Disciplina de Neurociência, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
c Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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(A‒B) qRT-PCR showed that the expression of LDB2 in lung cancer tissues was significantly lower than that in adjacent tissues, while miR-96-5p was high-regulated in lung cancer tissues; (C) The expression of LDB2 was negatively correlated with miR-96-5p; (D) The expression of LDB2 in normal bronchial epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B) and 5 lung cancer cell lines (SPAC1, A549, H1299, H1975, H1650); (** p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.001).</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Fuying Chu, Xinxin Xu, Yan Zhang, Hua Cai, Jingjing Peng, Yanan Li, Han Zhang, Hongli Liu, Xiang Chen" "autores" => array:9 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Fuying" "apellidos" => "Chu" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Xinxin" "apellidos" => "Xu" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Yan" "apellidos" => "Zhang" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Hua" "apellidos" => "Cai" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Jingjing" "apellidos" => "Peng" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Yanan" "apellidos" => "Li" ] 6 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Han" "apellidos" => "Zhang" ] 7 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Hongli" "apellidos" => "Liu" ] 8 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Xiang" "apellidos" => "Chen" ] ] ] ] "resumen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Highlights" "clase" => "author-highlights" "resumen" => "<span id="abss0001" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spara007" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="celist0001"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="celistitem0001"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">•</span><p id="para0002" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This is the first time to verify the targeting regulation of miR-96-5p on LDB2.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="celistitem0002"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">•</span><p id="para0003" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">MiR-96-5p/LDB2 regulates cellular behaviors through ERK1/2 signaling pathway in lung cancer H1299 cell.</p></li></ul></p></span>" ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1807593222033464?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/18075932/000000780000000C/v4_202409020811/S1807593222033464/v4_202409020811/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:18 [ "pii" => "S1807593223000753" "issn" => "18075932" "doi" => "10.1016/j.clinsp.2023.100239" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2023-01-01" "aid" => "100239" "copyright" => "HCFMUSP" "documento" => "simple-article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "edi" "cita" => "Clinics. 2023;78C:" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "en" => array:9 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Editorials</span>" "titulo" => "The double-edged sword: COVID-19 pandemic-related delay in immune maturation in young children" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0001" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1537 "Ancho" => 2917 "Tamanyo" => 222582 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "alt0001" "detalle" => "Fig " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spara001" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Number of severe acute respiratory syndrome hospitalizations by etiologic agent from January 2019 to June 2022. Data from the Sistema de Vigilância Epidemiológica da Gripe (SIVEP-Gripe) dataset. All patients younger than 5 years, hospitalized and with a respiratory virus isolated were included. Other Respiratory Agents: parainfluenza 1, parainfluenza 2, parainfluenza 3, parainfluenza 4, adenovirus, rhinovirus, bocavirus, metapneumovirus. RSV: Respiratory Syncytial Virus.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Braian Lucas Aguiar Sousa, Magda Maria Sales Carneiro-Sampaio" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Braian Lucas Aguiar" "apellidos" => "Sousa" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Magda Maria Sales" "apellidos" => "Carneiro-Sampaio" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1807593223000753?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/18075932/000000780000000C/v4_202409020811/S1807593223000753/v4_202409020811/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:11 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Editorial</span>" "titulo" => "Pesticide exposure and human health: Toxic legacy" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Fulvio A. Scorza, Larissa Beltramim, Larissa M. Bombardi" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Fulvio A." "apellidos" => "Scorza" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "scorza@unifesp.br" ] "referencia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0001" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0002" ] 2 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0001" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Larissa" "apellidos" => "Beltramim" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0001" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Larissa M." "apellidos" => "Bombardi" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0001" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff0003" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Ministério do Desenvolvimento Agrário e Agricultura Familiar (MDA), Brasília, DF, Brazil" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0001" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Disciplina de Neurociência, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0002" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0003" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0001" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="para0001" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the last decades, agriculture had started to take on a global scale, not only in the sense that a significant part of the agricultural production started to be globally commercialized but also because it began to become dependent on the (synthetic) chemical industries producing patented fertilizers, pesticides and seeds.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0001"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1-3</span></a> In these terms, the justification for the industrialization of agriculture was the promise of overcoming hunger, through the use of technology.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0001"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1-3</span></a> Unfortunately, more than half a century has passed since the inception of “Green Revolution” technologies and world hunger persists.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0001"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1-3</span></a> Whilst global hunger has increased, humans and their environment have been intensely contaminated by synthetic chemical substances used in agriculture.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0001"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1-3</span></a> In fact, between 2010 and 2021, the use of pesticides in Brazil substantially increased by 91% (IBAMA 2010‒2020).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0004"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> As a consequence of this increase, the authors are witnessing harmful chemical violence, which arises as an unfolding of the aforementioned Green Revolution.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0001"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">,</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0002"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Thus, the authors may call this form of violence “Chemical Colonialism”, since substances banned for more than ten or twenty years in the European Union because of risks to human and environmental health continue to be sold indiscriminately – by companies headquartered in the European Union – to countries such as Brazil.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0001"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="para0002" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It is widely known that these substances bring severe impacts to human health and the environment.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0001"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">,</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0002"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Suffice it to say that in the early 1990s, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that around one million people were involuntarily intoxicated with pesticides annually.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0001"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1-3</span></a> Actually, the number is 385 million unintentional poisonings, of which 11,000 are fatal.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0001"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1-3</span></a> In this context, Boedeker and colleagues indicate that pesticide poisoning is a very serious problem, widespread worldwide and requiring immediate action.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0003"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="para0003" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Considering these data, recent Brazilian research suggests that pesticides have detrimental effects on human health.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Unfortunately, several negative health effects are related to chemical pesticide exposure such as dermatological, gastrointestinal, respiratory, reproductive, endocrine, child growth, neurological, and carcinogenic effects.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0006"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6-8</span></a> For example, it has been clearly shown that absorption resulting from dermal pesticide exposure is the main route of uptake for exposed subjects.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0009"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">,</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> In this sense, occupational and residential use of pesticides has been linked to cutaneous melanoma in epidemiological studies.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> Furthermore, as pesticides are often ingested as residues in food commodities and water, it has been described that pesticides can disrupt the typical composition and functionality of gut microbiota, leading to many diseases in humans.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0011"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">,</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0012"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> Interestingly, as human exposure to pesticides can occur in the workplace, in the household, and through the ambient environment, a number of studies have evaluated the impact of pesticide exposure on human respiratory health.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0013"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">,</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0014"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> Thus, it has been found that occupational pesticide exposures are associated with self-reported coughing, wheezing, and airway inflammation, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, and impaired lung function.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0013"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">,</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0014"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> Moreover, other studies have also evaluated the possible action of pesticides on the endocrine system and its functions.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">,</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0016"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> In these lines, experimental studies indicate that exposure to high doses of pesticides modify endocrine function, disrupting gonadotropin, thyroid, and sex-steroid hormone signaling and inducing oxidative stress altering sexual development, fecundity, and maintenance of pregnancy.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> At the human level, it has been found that the excessive use of synthetic pesticides disrupts reproductive and sexual development, and these effects seem to depend on several factors, including gender, age, diet, and occupation.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0016"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> Moreover, epidemiological studies have reported that exposure to pesticides may be linked with menstrual cycle disturbances, reduced fertility, prolonged time-to-pregnancy, spontaneous abortion, stillbirths, and developmental defects, which may or may not be due to disruption of the female hormonal function.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0017"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> Importantly, children's exposures to pesticides should be limited as much as possible since human fetuses, infants, and children show greater susceptibility than adults.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">,</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0016"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">,</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0018"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">,</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0019"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> In addition, other studies have associated parental pesticide use and adverse birth outcomes including physical birth defects, low birth weight, and fetal death.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0018"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> Furthermore, in recent years, several studies have demonstrated that parents or their children occupationally exposed to pesticides have a higher risk of presenting difficulties in their neurobehavioral, neurocognitive or neuromotor performance.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">,</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0021"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> Unfortunately, important studies also identified that some pesticide families (i.e., carbamates, organochlorines and organophosphates) can cause serious damage to the nervous system and are a risk factor for developing Parkinson's Disease (PD).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0022"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> Worryingly, it was also shown that the 5 and 10 years of duration of pesticide exposure were associated with a 5% and 11% augment in the risk of PD.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0022"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> With regard to cancer, the scenario is very similar. Thus, a group of Brazilian scientists conducted an integrative literature review of published studies on pesticide and cancer exposure, focusing on farmers, rural populations, pesticide applicators, and rural workers.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0023"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> The most consistent associations found were prostate cancer, Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, leukemia, multiple myeloma, bladder and colon cancers.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0023"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> In parallel, studies that further investigate the relationship between pesticides and neoplasms of the testis, breast, esophagus, kidney, thyroid, lip, head/neck, and bone are also recommended.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0023"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> In this sense, oncology researchers believe that there is enough evidence to recommend that patients reduce exposure to all pesticides.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0024"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a></p><p id="para0004" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Following these lines of reasoning line, this scenario demonstrates the importance of addressing the topic “pesticides and human health” on the public agenda and the urgency to intensify the coordination and articulation of public policies in the area of agriculture, agrarian development, and family farming, considering its interfaces with public policies in the economic, infrastructure, social and environmental areas. Obviously, such actions must be based on sovereignty, the principle of human dignity, and fundamental rights provided for by law.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a></p><p id="para0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Overall, the authors are totally in agreement that the scientific community has been working hard to come up with creative approaches to pesticide pollution reduction.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0013"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> Furthermore, the authors also believe that environmentally friendly management strategies which include some bioremediation approaches (i.e., phytoremediation, microalgae bioremediation, mycoremediation, and microbial degradation) are viable ecological alternatives.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0013"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> Finally, new considerations and experimental, epidemiological, and clinical studies should be carried out to establish with precision how pesticide exposures affect human health. Meanwhile, caution with pesticide exposure remains prudent and necessary.</p></span>" "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2023-05-30" "fechaAceptado" => "2023-06-27" "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "cebibsec1" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:25 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0001" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Bombardi LM. “Geography of Asymmetry: the vicious cycle of pesticides and colonialism in the commercial relationship between Mercosur and the European Union”. The Left. Belgium, 2021. 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| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
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| 2024 October | 26 | 16 | 42 |
| 2024 September | 54 | 22 | 76 |
| 2024 August | 56 | 20 | 76 |
| 2024 July | 54 | 22 | 76 |
| 2024 June | 57 | 16 | 73 |
| 2024 May | 62 | 28 | 90 |
| 2024 April | 47 | 20 | 67 |
| 2024 March | 82 | 18 | 100 |
| 2024 February | 85 | 19 | 104 |
| 2024 January | 71 | 32 | 103 |
| 2023 December | 42 | 31 | 73 |