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Influence of blood hemodynamics on the treatment outcomes of limited fluid resuscitation in emergency patients with traumatic hemorrhagic shock
Wen Ke, Linghong Zhang
Corresponding author
zzzlhong_wl1214@hotmail.com

Corresponding author.
Emergency Department, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Wenling, Zhejiang, China
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0001" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cesectitle0008">Introduction</span><p id="para0008" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As one of the major death-related factors&#44; traumatic bleeding also contributes substantially to preventable traumatic death&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0001"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Compared with death caused by trauma sepsis&#44; hemorrhagic shock induces traumatic death rapidly&#58; the inadequate perfusion of tissues and organs stimulates the production of large amounts of inflammatory factors and initiates Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome &#40;SIRS&#41;&#44; which eventually leads to Multiple Organ Dysfunction &#40;MODS&#41; or even death if effective and timely treatment is not received&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0002"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0003"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Generally&#44; traumatic hemorrhagic shock describes a life-threatening condition that occurs when the body loses more than 20&#37; of its blood volume&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0004"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> This lethal syndrome can be caused by multiple factors that span multiple systems such as severe burns&#44; deep cuts&#44; gunshot wounds&#44; trauma&#44; and amputations&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> For patients with traumatic hemorrhagic shock induced by severe multiple injuries&#44; ensuring heart rate&#44; maintaining smooth breathing&#44; controlling bleeding&#44; and shock recovery should be proceeded priority&#46; Based on such principle&#44; Limited Fluid Resuscitation &#40;LFR&#41;&#44; permissive hypotension&#44; blood component transfusion&#44; and control of traumatic coagulopathy are the basic treatments for traumatic hemorrhagic shock&#46; As the prolonged time and tissue hypoxia result in multiorgan damages&#44; new challenges to late resuscitation&#44; anesthesia&#44; and perioperative management are posed&#46;</p><p id="para0009" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Of the different basic treatments for traumatic hemorrhagic shock&#44; LFR is a treatment method that involves administering limited fluids to patients with hemorrhagic shock&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0006"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> The technique is developed in that the administration of traditional fluid resuscitation requires a large amount of liquid&#44; which may contribute to and exacerbate the lethal triad and mortality&#46; Hence&#44; the term LFR was first proposed by Stern et al&#46; in 1992&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0007"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> Compared with traditional fluid resuscitation&#44; LFR depends on limited fluids and blood products during the early stages of hemorrhagic shock treatment&#44; resulting in the maintenance of a lower-than-normal blood pressure until the active bleeding is controlled&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0008"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> The treatment has been shown to be beneficial in reducing the risk of ischemia-reperfusion damage&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0004"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> Moreover&#44; many randomized controlled trials have been performed to assess the beneficial effects of LFR and adequate fluid resuscitation to provide a better option for the clinical management of traumatic hemorrhagic shock&#46; However&#44; controversies regarding the treatment effects of both strategies exist and more comprehensive assessments are needed&#46;</p><p id="para0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Except for the debates in determining the optimal fluid resuscitation methods&#44; no unified resuscitation standard for maintaining blood pressure levels during LFR is proposed&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0009"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> It is conceived that high blood pressure can increase bleeding and dilute blood&#44; while low blood pressure is not conducive to maintaining blood flow to important organs&#46; Thus&#44; the determination of proper blood pressure during LFR is crucial for the successful administration of the treatment&#46; In the current study&#44; the authors collected the clinicopathological information of 276 patients suffering from traumatic hemorrhagic shock and clinically handled with LFR in the present study&#39;s hospital&#46; Based on the analysis of peripheral blood inflammatory factors and hemodynamics of the patients&#44; the authors attempted to provide valuable information for determining the influence of different blood pressures on the treatment outcomes of LFR&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0002" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cesectitle0009">Methods</span><span id="sec0003" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cesectitle0010">Patients</span><p id="para0011" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The current study enrolled 276 participants from January 2016 to December 2021 in The First People&#39;s Hospital of Wenling&#46; All the participants were admitted in the present study&#39;s hospital within six hours after trauma with a Mean Arterial Pressure &#40;MAP&#41; &#60; 60 mmHg&#46; All the participants possessed detailed clinicopathological information including age&#44; body weight&#44; MAP&#44; body temperature&#44; respiratory rate&#44; ISS score&#44; peripheral inflammatory factor levels&#44; and blood hemodynamics parameters&#46; For those who&#58; 1&#41; Died within one hour after the admission&#59; 2&#41; Had a MAP higher or lower than the administration requirement for LFR&#59; 3&#41; Had hypertension&#59; 4&#41; Had brain traumas&#59; 5&#41; Had blood transfusion therapy or interventional treatment within one hour after the admission were excluded from the study&#46; The shock was diagnosed based on the criteria published by the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> The cohort included 189 males and 87 females&#44; and 147 cases with scalp lacerations without intracranial injury&#44; 19 cases with neck injuries&#44; 36 cases with rib fractures with or without intrathoracic hemorrhage&#44; 29 cases with abdominal injuries&#44; 13 cases with pelvic fractures&#44; 32 cases with long bone fractures with or without joint lesions&#46; The study was approved by the ethics committee of The First People&#39;s Hospital of Wenling for the related screening&#44; inspection&#44; and data collection &#40;KY-2023-2049-01&#41;&#46; All the patients had signed a written informed consent form&#46; All the experiment procedures were performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0004" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cesectitle0011">Patient grouping and LFR administration</span><p id="para0012" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Patients were further divided into three groups based on the MAP level during LFR administration&#46; Low MAP group&#44; 60 mmHg &#8804; MAP &#60; 65 mmHg&#59; Medium MAP group&#44; 65 mmHg &#8804; MAP &#60; 70 mmHg&#59; High MAP group&#44; 70 mmHg &#8804; MAP &#60; 75 mmHg&#46; The general procedure for LFR administration includes three stages&#58; T0 stage&#44; collection of the clinicopathological information of the participants upon admission&#59; T1 stage&#44; patients receive the treatment of sodium acetate &#40;Ringer&#39;s acetate solution&#44; Hunan&#44; China&#41; LFR for 30 mins following standard procedures&#59;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0006"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0011"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> T2 stage&#44; patients received another 30 min treatment of sodium acetate LFR and then the parameters such as body temperature&#44; respiratory rate&#44; peripheral inflammatory factor levels&#44; and blood hemodynamics parameters were collected&#46; For the detection of peripheral inflammatory factor levels&#44; 5 mL blood was collected via elbow veins at each stage&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cesectitle0012">Blood hemodynamics parameters and real-time quantitative PCR &#40;RT-qPCR&#41; detection</span><p id="para0013" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">For the determination of blood hemodynamics parameters every ten minutes&#44; participants were subjected to minimally invasive hemodynamic monitor Vigieo &#40;Edwards&#44; USA&#41; to measure Cardiac Output &#40;CO&#41;&#44; Cardiac Index &#40;CI&#41;&#44; MAP&#44; and subjected to multiparameter ECG monitor iPM6 &#40;China&#41; to measure Central Venous Pressure &#40;CVP&#41;&#46;</p><p id="para0014" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Total RNA was extracted from blood samples with TRIzol reagent &#40;Sangon Biotech Co&#46;&#44; Ltd&#46;&#44; Shanghai&#44; China&#41; and was then reversely transcribed into cDNA templates with AMV First Strand cDNA Synthesis kit &#40;Sangon Biotech Co&#46;&#44; Ltd&#46;&#41;&#46; The qPCR reaction system contained 10 &#956;L of 2 &#215; Power Taq PCR MasterMix &#40;PR1702&#44; BioTeke&#44; Beijing&#44; China&#41;&#44; 0&#46;5 &#956;L of each primer &#40;IL-4&#44; forward&#58; 5&#8217;-GCTATTGATGGGTCTCACCC-3&#8217;&#44; reverse&#58; 5&#8217;-CAGGACGTCAAGGTACAGGA-3&#8217;&#59; IL-6&#44; forward&#58; 5&#8217;-CAAAGCCAGAGTCCTTCAGAG-3&#8217;&#44; reverse&#58; 5&#8217;-GCCACTCCTTCTGTGACTCC-3&#8217;&#59; IL-10&#44; forward&#58; 5&#8217;-GCCCTTTGCTATGGTGTCCTTTC-3&#8217;&#44; reverse&#58; 5&#8217;-TCCCTGGTTTCTCTTCCCAAGAC-3&#8217;&#59; TNF-&#945;&#44; forward&#58; 5&#8217;-GGAACACGTCGTGGGATAATG-3&#8217;&#44; reverse&#58; 5&#8217;-GGCAGACTTTGGATGCTTCTT-3&#8217;&#59; &#946;-actin&#44; forward&#58; 5&#8217;-CTCCATCCTGGCCTCGCTGT-3&#8217;&#44; reverse&#58; 5&#8217;-GCTGTCACCTTCACCGTTCC-3&#8217;&#59;&#41;&#44; 1 &#956;L of the cDNA template&#44; and 8 &#956;L of RNase free H<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O&#46; The amplifications were performed with a StepOne Plus&#8482; Real-Time PCR system &#40;Applied Biosystems&#44; Grand Island&#44; NY&#44; USA&#41; following routine conditions&#46; The relative expression levels of miRsa were analyzed using the 2<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8722;&#8710;&#8710;Ct</span> method&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0006" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cesectitle0013">Statistical analysis</span><p id="para0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Continued data were expressed as mean &#177; Standard Deviation &#40;SD&#41;&#46; The differences in continuous data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by a post-hoc Tukey test&#46; The difference between the two groups was analyzed using Student&#39;s <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span>-test for normal distribution data or the Mann-Whitney <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span> test for abnormal distribution data&#46; The correlation between different parameters was analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis&#46; Significance was accepted when the two-tailed p-value was smaller than 0&#46;05&#46; All the statistical analyses were conducted using GraphPad Prism version 8&#46;0&#46;0 for Windows &#40;GraphPad Software&#44; San Diego&#44; California USA&#44; <a href="http://www.graphpad.com">www&#46;graphpad&#46;com</a>&#41;&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0007" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cesectitle0014">Results</span><span id="sec0008" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cesectitle0015">Clinicopathological characteristics of participants</span><p id="para0016" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria&#44; the current study enrolled 276 patients who suffered from traumatic hemorrhagic shock and handled LFR in the present study&#39;s emergency&#46; Based on the blood pressure during LFR administrations&#44; the patients were divided into the Low MAP group &#40;59 cases&#41;&#44; Medium MAP group &#40;133 cases&#41;&#44; and High MAP group &#40;84 cases&#41;&#46; As shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0001">Table 1</a>&#44; there was no significant difference regarding the parameters such as body weight&#44; age&#44; male proportion&#44; body temperature&#44; respiratory rate&#44; heart rate&#44; and blood hemodynamics parameters upon admission to the present study&#39;s hospital &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0001">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0001"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0009" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cesectitle0016">Changes in peripheral cytokine levels during LFR administration</span><p id="para0017" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The expression of genes encoding cytokines including IL-4&#44; IL-6&#44; IL-10&#44; and TNF-&#945; was detected at different stages of LFR administration in the three groups&#46; At the T0 stage&#44; no significant difference was detected regarding the baseline of different cytokines among the three groups &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0002">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46; After the T1 stage treatment&#44; the expression levels of anti-inflammation cytokines including IL-4 and IL-10 were up-regulated in all three groups&#44; but only the change in the Low MAP group was statistically significant &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0002">Table 2</a>&#41; &#40;p &#60; 0&#46;05&#41;&#46; No significant difference regarding IL-4 level was detected among the three groups &#40;p &#62; 0&#46;05&#41;&#44; while the levels of IL-10 in the Medium MAP group and High MAP groups were significantly higher than that in the Low Medium MAP group&#46; In the cases of pro-inflammation cytokines&#44; the levels of IL-6 and TNF-&#945; were all significantly induced by the three administrations &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0002">Table 2</a>&#41;&#44; and effects in the Medium MAP group were stronger than the other two groups &#40;p &#60; 0&#46;05&#41;&#46; After the T2 stage treatment&#44; all the treatments showed significant effects on changes in cytokine levels &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0002">Table 2</a>&#41;&#44; and the strongest effects on the expression of all cytokine genes were achieved by the Medium MAP group &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0002">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0002"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cesectitle0017">Correlation between MAP and cytokine levels</span><p id="para0018" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The potential relation between different MAP treatment strategies and cytokine levels was analyzed with Pearson correlation analysis&#46; The results showed the MAP showed a positive correlation with IL-6&#44; IL-10&#44; and TNF-&#945; levels in all three groups &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0003">Table 3</a>&#41;&#46; The linear regression equations for the three cytokines were Y &#61; 0&#46;059X &#8211; 2&#46;78&#44; Y &#61; 0&#46;023X &#8211; 1&#46;02&#44; and Y &#61; 0&#46;033X &#8211; 1&#46;58 for IL-6 &#40;low&#44; medium&#44; high&#41;&#44; and Y &#61; 0&#46;038X &#8210; 1&#46;52&#44; Y &#61; 0&#46;054X &#8210; 2&#46;28&#44; and Y &#61; 0&#46;031X &#8210; 1&#46;31 for IL-10 in each group &#40;low&#44; medium&#44; high&#41;&#44; and Y &#61; 0&#46;044X &#8211; 2&#46;02&#44; Y &#61; 0&#46;024X &#8211; 1&#46;04&#44; and Y &#61; 0&#46;036X &#8211; 1&#46;63 for TNF-&#945;&#46; However&#44; no obvious correlation was detected between MAP and IL-4 levels in all the groups &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0003">Table 3</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0003"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0011" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cesectitle0018">Effects of different LFR administrations on blood hemodynamics parameters</span><p id="para0019" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The treatment effects of different LFR administrations against traumatic hemorrhagic shock were further evaluated by measuring blood hemodynamics parameters&#46; The MAP of patients in different groups showed no significant difference but was maintained at different levels based on their grouping criteria &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0004">Table 4</a>&#41;&#46; The changes in blood hemodynamics parameters were recorded every 10 min&#46; The levels of CVP&#44; CO&#44; and CI were also slightly increased by the three LFR administrating strategies and maintained their levels after the T1 stage &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0004">Table 4</a>&#41;&#46; However&#44; the restored levels of CVP&#44; CO&#44; and CI were still lower than normal levels in healthy cases&#46; The treatment effect of LFR increased with MAP&#44; and the effect of medium and high MAP were statistically stronger than that of low MAP &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0004">Table 4</a>&#41;&#46; However&#44; no significant difference was detected regarding the effect between medium and high MAP&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0004"></elsevierMultimedia></span></span><span id="sec0012" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cesectitle0019">Discussion</span><p id="para0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As a common critical illness in the surgery department&#44; trauma contributes substantially to the death happening in an emergency&#46; It is estimated that 66&#37;&#8764;80&#37; of traumatic deaths are caused by hemorrhagic shock&#46; Patients with traumatic hemorrhagic shock present with a rapid decrease in circulating blood volume at the early stage of trauma&#44; resulting in a decrease in CO and blood pressure&#44; which in turn constricts small peripheral blood vessels and promotes local tissue occurrence anaerobic metabolism and lactic acid accumulation&#44; eventually causing metabolic acidosis in the patient body&#46; Thus&#44; the first task for the treatment of traumatic hemorrhagic shock is undoubtedly to deal with the cause of bleeding in a timely manner and immediately restore the amount of blood loss&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0006"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> Currently&#44; several strategies are applied to handle the blood loss of traumatic hemorrhagic shock&#44; and one of them is LFR&#46; However&#44; the treatment outcome of LFR is influenced by the administrating blood pressure&#44; and it is reported that the maintenance of low blood pressure will increase the treatment effects of LFR&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0012"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> To further verify this report&#44; the current study retrospectively analyzed the treatment outcomes of patients impaired by traumatic hemorrhagic shock by sodium acetate LFR in the present study&#39;s hospital and attempted to provide a more explicit conclusion regarding the influence of blood pressure on the treating effects of LFR&#44; and determined an optimal administrating blood pressure for the future management of traumatic hemorrhagic shock by LFR in the clinic&#46; The findings outlined by the present study highlighted that a medium level of MAP of 60&#8764;75 mmHg might be the optimal administrating blood pressure in that it came up with the best-improving effects on blood hemodynamics and least inducing effects on blood inflammatory cytokines&#46;</p><p id="para0021" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The peripheral levels of serum inflammatory factors in patients with traumatic hemorrhagic shock partially reflect tissue perfusion condition as well as the severity of tissue injuries&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0013"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> Moreover&#44; the tissue perfusion condition is critically influenced by the resuscitation blood pressure&#44; and thus different resuscitation blood pressure levels will determine the serum levels of inflammatory factors to some extent&#46; The overdue restoration of tissue perfusion can cause a decrease in autoregulatory capacity and tissue cell damage&#44; which will stimulate the body&#39;s inflammatory system release a large amount of inflammatory factors into the blood&#44; and eventually trigger Systemic Inflammatory Responses &#40;SIRS&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0014"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> The data of the current study showed that the level of MAP was positively related to the expression levels of gene encoding IL-6&#44; IL-10&#44; and TNF-&#945;&#44; while had no influence on the expression level of IL-4&#46; Regarding the effects of LFR on IL-4 level&#44; the negative relation may be due to a low number of enrolled cases or a shorter period of post-admission&#46; The increased production of IL-6&#44; IL-10&#44; and TNF-&#945; still inferred that the administration of LFR will influence cytokine levels regardless of the function in that IL-10 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine&#44; while IL-6 and TNF-&#945; are pro-inflammatory cytokines&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> However&#44; compared with patients receiving LFR administrations with low MAP or high MAP&#44; patients receiving medium MAP LFR treatment showed strongest inducing effects on anti-inflammatory cytokines and weakest inducing effects on pro-inflammatory cytokines&#44; indicating that LFR with medium MAP has the least side effects&#46;</p><p id="para0022" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The attenuating effects of LFR on traumatic hemorrhagic shock were then evaluated by analyzing changes in blood hemodynamics parameters in different groups&#46; The data showed that the administration of LFR significantly increased the levels of CVP&#44; CO&#44; and CI after T2 stage treatments&#46; CVP has been considered as an important indicator of circulating volume adequacy in patients with shock and forms the basis for assessing the condition of patients&#46; However&#44; it has now been pointed out that CVP alone does not accurately reflect changes in effective blood volume in that CVP is susceptible to self- and external influences such as mechanical ventilation&#44; severe cough&#44; and cardiac function etc&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0016"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> Therefore&#44; the current study combined the evaluation with CVP with CO and CI&#44; which would provide more valuable information for assessing the treatment effects of LFR&#44; and the analysis results showed that of the three groups&#44; the patients receiving medium MAP LFR treatment showed best improvements in all the three parameters&#46;</p><p id="para0023" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The results of the current study are partially consistent with the results of the previously reported&#46; For instance&#44; Li et al&#46; point out that in a rat shock model with active bleeding&#44; the best treatment effects were achieved when the standard MAP was 70 mmHg&#44; not 50 mmHg or 90 mmHg&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0017"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> Other studies also inferred that too high recovery blood pressure would increase bleeding&#44; while too low blood pressure was not conducive to maintaining the stability of the internal environment&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0018"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0019"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> In addition&#44; guidelines for giving LFR demonstrate that the standard blood pressure during LFR should be maintained at a low-pressure level or permissible hypotension&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> Combined with the analysis results of the current study&#44; it is indicated that the potentially most appropriate MAP interval for administrating LFR in patients with traumatic hemorrhagic shock should be maintained at 65&#8210;70 mmHg&#46; However&#44; the current study was a retrospective study and the sample size was small&#44; and only recorded the MAP level within one hour after the admission&#46; Thus&#44; more comprehensive long-term clinical investigations and trials are needed in the future to verify the conclusion derived from the current analysis&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0013" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cesectitle0020">Conclusions</span><p id="para0024" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Collectively&#44; the current study performed a retrospective analysis regarding the treatment outcome of 276 patients who suffered from traumatic hemorrhagic shock by sodium acetate LFR&#46; The results showed that LFR would influence blood levels of most cytokines by improving hemodynamic parameters&#46; Moreover&#44; LFR with medium MAP showed the strongest improving effects with the least side effects and should be employed as the optimal administrating blood pressure for LFR in the future&#46; The study was also accompanied by some shortcomings&#58; the analysis was retrospective&#44; and the sample size was small&#46; To verify the conclusion of the current analysis&#44; long-term clinical investigations with larger sample sizes are needed&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0014" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cesectitle0021">Authors&#8217; contributions</span><p id="para0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Wen Ke&#58; Performed conceptualization&#44; data curation&#44; formal analysis&#44; and writing - original draft&#46;</p><p id="para0026" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Hongling Zhang&#58; Performed conceptualization and writing - review &#38; editing&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cesectitle0022">Funding</span><p id="para0027" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Not applicable&#46;</p></span></span>"
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              "titulo" => "Blood hemodynamics parameters and real-time quantitative PCR &#40;RT-qPCR&#41; detection"
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              "titulo" => "Clinicopathological characteristics of participants"
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              "titulo" => "Changes in peripheral cytokine levels during LFR administration"
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              "titulo" => "Correlation between MAP and cytokine levels"
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              "titulo" => "Effects of different LFR administrations on blood hemodynamics parameters"
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    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
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    "fechaRecibido" => "2023-08-07"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2023-10-25"
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            1 => "Hemodynamics parameters"
            2 => "Limited fluid resuscitation"
            3 => "Mean arterial pressure"
            4 => "Traumatic hemorrhagic shock"
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    "highlights" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Highlights"
      "resumen" => "<span id="abss0001" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spara005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="celist0001"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="celistitem0001"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="para0001" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">LFR can improve blood hemodynamics parameters after traumatic hemorrhagic shock&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="celistitem0002"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="para0002" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">LFR would influence serum inflammatory levels after traumatic hemorrhagic shock&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="celistitem0003"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="para0003" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Medium MAP can be employed as the optimal administrating strategy for LFR&#46;</p></li></ul></p></span>"
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    "resumen" => array:1 [
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abss0002" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cesectitle0003">Objectives</span><p id="spara006" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Traumatic hemorrhagic shock is a major death-related factor contributing to mortality in emergencies and can be effectively handled by the Limited Fluid Resuscitation &#40;LFR&#41; method&#46; In the current investigation&#44; the authors analyzed the influence of different administrating blood pressure on the treatment outcomes of LFR&#46;</p></span> <span id="abss0003" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cesectitle0004">Methods</span><p id="spara007" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">276 participants were enrolled in the current study retrospectively from January 2016 to December 2021 and were divided into three groups based on the administrating blood pressure of LFR&#46; The difference among the three groups regarding serum levels of cytokines as well as blood hemodynamics parameters was analyzed&#46;</p></span> <span id="abss0004" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cesectitle0005">Results</span><p id="spara008" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The results showed after the T2 stage treatment&#44; cytokine levels in the three groups were all significantly influenced by different LFR strategies with medium MAP showing the strongest effects on the expression of all cytokine genes&#46; Moreover&#44; the MAP value was in positive correlation with IL-6&#44; IL-10&#44; and TNF-&#945; levels&#44; but showed no clear relation with IL-4 level in all three groups&#46; Regarding the effects on hemodynamics parameters&#44; the levels of CVP&#44; CO&#44; and CI were slightly increased by the different LFR administrating strategies&#44; and the effect of medium and high MAP was statistically stronger than that of low MAP&#46;</p></span> <span id="abss0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cesectitle0006">Conclusion</span><p id="spara009" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The present results showed that LFR would influence serum inflammatory levels by improving blood hemodynamics parameters&#46; Medium MAP showed the strongest improving effects with the least side effects&#44; which can be employed as the optimal administrating strategy for LFR in the future&#46;</p></span>"
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0018"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">34&#46;23 &#177; 8&#46;77&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0019"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">35&#46;23 &#177; 10&#46;34&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0020"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">p&#62;0&#46;05&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0021"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Male &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0022"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">39 &#40;66&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0023"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">86 &#40;65&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0024"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">64 &#40;76&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0025"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">p&#62;0&#46;05&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0026"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Body Temp</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0027"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">34&#46;83 &#177; 0&#46;66&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0028"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">35&#46;12 &#177; 0&#46;49&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0029"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">35&#46;02 &#177; 0&#46;44&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0030"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">p&#62;0&#46;05&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0031"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Respiratory rate&#47;min</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0032"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">26&#46;31 &#177; 2&#46;21&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0033"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">25&#46;51 &#177; 2&#46;91&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0034"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">26&#46;13 &#177; 1&#46;69&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0035"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">p&#62;0&#46;05&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0036"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Heart rate&#47;min</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0037"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">130&#46;5 &#177; 15&#46;22&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0038"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">131&#46;5 &#177; 10&#46;43&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0039"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">134&#46;2 &#177; 11&#46;81&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0040"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">p&#62;0&#46;05&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0041"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">SBP &#40;mmHg&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0042"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">69&#46;90 &#177; 7&#46;66&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0043"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">71&#46;33 &#177; 5&#46;76&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0044"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">73&#46;13 &#177; 6&#46;83&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0045"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">p&#62;0&#46;05&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0046"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">DBP &#40;mmHg&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0047"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">46&#46;47 &#177; 4&#46;43&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0048"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">43&#46;90 &#177; 4&#46;42&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0049"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">45&#46;03 &#177; 4&#46;68&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0050"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">p&#62;0&#46;05&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0051"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">MAP &#40;mmHg&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0052"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">53&#46;54 &#177; 3&#46;51&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0053"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">52&#46;81 &#177; 3&#46;53&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0054"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">54&#46;26 &#177; 3&#46;67&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0055"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">p&#62;0&#46;05&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0056"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">ISS</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0057"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">27&#46;83 &#177; 3&#46;05&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0058"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">28&#46;97 &#177; 2&#46;67&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0059"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">28&#46;37 &#177; 3&#46;45&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0060"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">p&#62;0&#46;05&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab3639292.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spara001" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Clinicopathological information<span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#46;</span></p>"
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0002"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "alt0002"
            "detalle" => "Table "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0061"></a><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><a name="en0062"></a><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><a name="en0063"></a><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top" scope="col">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><a name="en0064"></a><th class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_colgroup " colspan="4" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Cytokine expression level</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0065"></a><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Group&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><a name="en0066"></a><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">N&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><a name="en0067"></a><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Stage&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><a name="en0068"></a><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">IL-4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><a name="en0069"></a><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">IL-10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><a name="en0070"></a><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">IL-6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><a name="en0071"></a><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">TNF-&#945;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0072"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead rowgroup " rowspan="4" align="left" valign="top">Low MAP</td><a name="en0073"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowgroup " rowspan="4" align="left" valign="top">59</td><a name="en0074"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">T0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0075"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;68 &#177; 0&#46;23&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0076"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;54 &#177; 0&#46;29&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0077"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;23 &#177; 0&#46;11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0078"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;26 &#177; 0&#46;19&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0081"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">T1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0082"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;88 &#177; 0&#46;37<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb2fn1"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0083"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;76 &#177; 0&#46;21<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb2fn1"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0084"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;76 &#177; 0&#46;39<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb2fn1"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0085"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;42 &#177; 0&#46;20<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb2fn1"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0088"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">T2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0089"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">1&#46;17 &#177; 0&#46;48<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb2fn1"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0090"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;91 &#177; 0&#46;38<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb2fn1"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0091"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">1&#46;26 &#177; 0&#46;43<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb2fn1"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb2fn2"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0092"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;95 &#177; 0&#46;44<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb2fn1"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb2fn2"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0095"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">T0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0096"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;71 &#177; 0&#46;22&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0097"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;49 &#177; 0&#46;18&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0098"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;28 &#177; 0&#46;24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0099"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;29 &#177; 0&#46;11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0100"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead rowgroup " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Medium MAP</td><a name="en0101"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowgroup " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">133</td><a name="en0102"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">T1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0103"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">1&#46;13 &#177; 0&#46;35<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb2fn1"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0104"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">1&#46;23 &#177; 0&#46;35<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb2fn1"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb2fn3"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0105"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;36 &#177; 0&#46;11<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb2fn3"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0106"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;39 &#177; 0&#46;12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0109"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">T2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0110"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">1&#46;43 &#177; 0&#46;35<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb2fn1"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb2fn3"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0111"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">1&#46;51&#177;0&#46;31<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb2fn1"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb2fn2"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb2fn3"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0112"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;58&#177;0&#46;25<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb2fn1"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb2fn3"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0113"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;67 &#177; 0&#46;33<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb2fn1"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb2fn2"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb2fn3"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0116"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">T0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0117"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;65 &#177; 0&#46;18&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0118"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;52 &#177; 0&#46;26&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0119"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;25 &#177; 0&#46;13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0120"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;33 &#177; 0&#46;32&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0121"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead rowgroup " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">High MAP</td><a name="en0122"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowgroup " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">84</td><a name="en0123"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">T1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0124"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;82 &#177; 0&#46;34&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0125"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;88 &#177; 0&#46;33<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb2fn1"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb2fn4"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0126"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;59 &#177; 0&#46;32<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb2fn1"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb2fn3"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb2fn4"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0127"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;69 &#177; 0&#46;35<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb2fn1"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb2fn3"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb2fn4"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0130"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">T2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0131"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;92 &#177; 0&#46;19<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb2fn4"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0132"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;96 &#177; 0&#46;42<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb2fn1"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0133"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">1&#46;01 &#177; 0&#46;54<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb2fn1"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb2fn2"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb2fn3"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb2fn4"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0134"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">1&#46;11 &#177; 0&#46;49<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb2fn1"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb2fn2"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb2fn4"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tb2fn1"
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            1 => array:3 [
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              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="notep0002">p &#60; 0&#46;05 vs&#46; t1 stage&#46;</p>"
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            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tb2fn3"
              "etiqueta" => "c"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="notep0003">p &#60; 0&#46;05 vs&#46; low map&#46;</p>"
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            3 => array:3 [
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          "en" => "<p id="spara002" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Expression levels of cytokines at different LFR administrating stages&#46;</p>"
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        "etiqueta" => "Table 3"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "alt0003"
            "detalle" => "Table "
            "rol" => "short"
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        "tabla" => array:1 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0135"></a><th class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowgroup " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><a name="en0136"></a><th class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_colgroup " colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Low MAP</th><a name="en0137"></a><th class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_colgroup " colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Medium MAP</th><a name="en0138"></a><th class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_colgroup " colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">High MAP</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><a name="en0140"></a><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><a name="en0141"></a><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p-value&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><a name="en0142"></a><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><a name="en0143"></a><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p-value&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><a name="en0144"></a><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><a name="en0145"></a><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p-value&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0146"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">MAP and IL-4</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0147"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0148"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0149"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;33&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0150"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0151"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0152"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0153"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">MAP and IL-10</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0154"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;86&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0155"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0156"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;91&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0157"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0158"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;77&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0159"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0160"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">MAP and IL-6</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0161"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;76&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0162"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0163"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;79&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0164"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0165"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;63&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0166"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0167"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">MAP and TNF-&#945;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0168"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;70&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0169"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0170"></a><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;65&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;66&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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          "en" => "<p id="spara003" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Relation between MAP value and the production of different cytokines&#46;</p>"
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        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
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                0 => """
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                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Time point&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0 min&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0184"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">51&#46;06 &#177; 5&#46;35&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">2&#46;34 &#177; 0&#46;81&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0186"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">3&#46;02 &#177; 0&#46;64&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0187"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">2&#46;05 &#177; 0&#46;39&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">56&#46;55 &#177; 4&#46;13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">3&#46;71 &#177; 0&#46;62&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0194"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">2&#46;33 &#177; 0&#46;20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0197"></a><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">20 min&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0198"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">60&#46;12 &#177; 3&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0199"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">3&#46;61 &#177; 0&#46;78&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">3&#46;82 &#177; 0&#46;51&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0201"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">2&#46;55 &#177; 0&#46;39&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0204"></a><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">30 min&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0205"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">63&#46;54 &#177; 2&#46;88&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0206"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">4&#46;60 &#177; 1&#46;19&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0207"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">4&#46;15 &#177; 0&#46;75&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0208"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">2&#46;79 &#177; 0&#46;38&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0211"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">40 min&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0212"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">63&#46;44 &#177; 2&#46;83&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0213"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">4&#46;56 &#177; 2&#46;03&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0214"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">4&#46;25 &#177; 1&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0215"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">2&#46;76 &#177; 0&#46;42&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0218"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">50 min&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0219"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">65&#46;23 &#177; 3&#46;25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0220"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">4&#46;21 &#177; 0&#46;82&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0221"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">4&#46;44 &#177; 1&#46;89&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0222"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">2&#46;65 &#177; 0&#46;48&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0225"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">60 min&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0226"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">64&#46;08 &#177; 4&#46;25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0227"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">4&#46;45 &#177; 0&#46;75&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0228"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">4&#46;35 &#177; 1&#46;25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0229"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">2&#46;66 &#177; 0&#46;57&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0232"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0 min&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0233"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">50&#46;21 &#177; 4&#46;03&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0234"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">2&#46;71 &#177; 0&#46;82&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0235"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">3&#46;11 &#177; 0&#46;43&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0236"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">2&#46;00 &#177; 0&#46;27&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0239"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">10 min&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0240"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">56&#46;39 &#177; 5&#46;11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0241"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">3&#46;75 &#177; 0&#46;93&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0242"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">3&#46;78 &#177; 0&#46;42&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0243"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">2&#46;26 &#177; 0&#46;35&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0246"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">20 min&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0247"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">62&#46;05 &#177; 3&#46;55&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0248"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">4&#46;98 &#177; 1&#46;74<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb4fn1"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0249"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">4&#46;13 &#177; 0&#46;42<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb4fn1"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0250"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">2&#46;47 &#177; 0&#46;21<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb4fn1"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0251"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead rowgroup " rowspan="7" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Medium MAP</span></td><a name="en0252"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowgroup " rowspan="7" align="left" valign="top">133</td><a name="en0253"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">30 min&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0254"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">67&#46;86 &#177; 3&#46;89<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb4fn1"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0255"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">5&#46;82 &#177; 2&#46;01<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb4fn1"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0256"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">4&#46;53 &#177; 0&#46;45<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb4fn1"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0257"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">2&#46;71 &#177; 0&#46;21<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb4fn1"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0260"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">40 min&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0261"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">69&#46;55 &#177; 5&#46;68<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb4fn1"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0262"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">7&#46;05 &#177; 1&#46;99<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb4fn1"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">2&#46;93 &#177; 0&#46;27<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb4fn1"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0267"></a><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">50 min&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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