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Inicio Endocrinología, Diabetes y Nutrición Serum cholesterol levels are inversely associated with the risk of malignancy in...
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Vol. 71. Issue 6.
Pages 246-252 (June - July 2024)
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Vol. 71. Issue 6.
Pages 246-252 (June - July 2024)
Original article
Serum cholesterol levels are inversely associated with the risk of malignancy in subjects with Bethesda category IV thyroid nodules
Los niveles séricos de colesterol se asocian inversamente con el riesgo de malignidad en sujetos con nódulos tiroideos de categoría Bethesda IV
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Beatriz Montejo-Marcosa, Yaiza López-Plasenciaa, Dunia Marrero-Arencibiaa, Carlos A. Rodríguez-Péreza, Mauro Boronata,b,
Corresponding author
mauro.boronat@ulpgc.es

Corresponding author.
a Section of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno-Infantil, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
b Research Institute in Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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Tables (2)
Table 1. Clinical, biochemical and ultrasound characteristics of the participants, overall, and based on the definitive results of the histopathological examination.
Table 2. Lipid profile of all participants and of those who did not follow lipid-lowering treatment based on the final results of the histopathological examination.
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Abstract
Introduction

Some epidemiological data suggest that there may be an inverse relationship between cholesterol levels and the risk of thyroid cancer in the overall population. The present study was aimed to evaluate the lipid profile specifically in subjects with Bethesda category IV thyroid nodules, and compare whether there were any differences between those with benign and malignant nodules.

Methods

Single-centre, retrospective study on 204 subjects treated by partial or total thyroidectomy for excision of a Bethesda category IV thyroid nodule, who had undergone a blood lipid profile test in the 12 months prior to surgery. In addition to lipid measures, other demographic, clinical, biochemical and ultrasound data were collected.

Results

Seventy-five subjects (36.8%) were diagnosed with thyroid carcinoma in the definitive histopathological examination. Patients with thyroid cancer had lower levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and non-HDL-cholesterol than subjects with benign thyroid diseases. There were no differences in HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides or total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio. There were no differences either between groups in other clinical, biochemical and ultrasound variables, including the use of lipid-lowering drugs. In multivariate analysis, only LDL-cholesterol was independently associated with malignancy. Subjects with follicular carcinoma showed the lowest cholesterol levels, while those with papillary carcinoma had intermediate values between the group with follicular carcinoma and the group with benign thyroid diseases.

Conclusions

In subjects with cytologically indeterminate Bethesda category IV thyroid nodules, levels of total cholesterol, non-HDL-cholesterol and, particularly, LDL-cholesterol are lower among those with malignant nodules.

Keywords:
Thyroid
Follicular neoplasm
Malignancy
Cholesterol
Fine needle aspiration biopsy
Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology
Resumen
Introducción

Algunos datos epidemiológicos sugieren que, a nivel de la población general, puede existir una relación inversa entre los niveles de colesterol y el riesgo de cáncer de tiroides. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el perfil lipídico específicamente en sujetos con nódulos tiroideos categoría Bethesda IV, y comparar si existían diferencias entre aquellos con nódulos benignos y malignos.

Métodos

Estudio retrospectivo unicéntrico en 204 sujetos tratados mediante tiroidectomía parcial o total para exéresis de un nódulo tiroideo categoría Bethesda IV, a los que se había realizado un análisis del perfil lipídico sanguíneo en los 12 meses previos a la cirugía. Además de las medidas lipídicas, se recogieron otros datos demográficos, clínicos, bioquímicos y ecográficos.

Resultados

Setenta y cinco sujetos (36,8%) fueron diagnosticados de carcinoma tiroideo en el estudio histopatológico definitivo. Los pacientes con cáncer de tiroides tenían niveles más bajos de colesterol total, colesterol-LDL y colesterol no-HDL que los sujetos con enfermedades tiroideas benignas. No hubo diferencias en el colesterol HDL, los triglicéridos o la relación colesterol total/colesterol HDL. Tampoco hubo diferencias entre los grupos en otras variables clínicas, bioquímicas ni ecográficas, incluido el uso de fármacos hipolipemiantes. En el análisis multivariante, solo el colesterol LDL se asoció de forma independiente con la malignidad. Los sujetos con carcinoma folicular mostraron los niveles de colesterol más bajos, mientras que los que presentaban carcinoma papilar tenían valores intermedios entre el grupo con carcinoma folicular y el grupo con enfermedades tiroideas benignas.

Conclusiones

En sujetos con nódulos tiroideos citológicamente indeterminados de categoría Bethesda IV, los niveles de colesterol total, colesterol no-HDL y, particularmente, colesterol-LDL son más bajos entre aquellos con nódulos malignos.

Palabras clave:
Tiroides
Neoplasia folicular
Malignidad
Colesterol
Biopsia por aspiración con aguja fina
Sistema Bethesda de informe de citopatología tiroidea

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