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La alimentación es saludable cuando favorece el buen estado de salud y disminuye el riesgo de enfermedades crónicas relacionadas con ella. La investigación epidemiológica ha demostrado una estrecha relación entre la alimentación y el riesgo para desarrollar estas enfermedades crónicas caracterizadas por una elevada morbimortalidad, por lo que es necesario establecer normas de referencia que sirvan de guía para garantizar un estado nutricional adecuado. El modelo de alimentación mediterráneo es una tradición centenaria que contribuye a un excelente estado nutricional, proporciona una sensación placentera y forma parte de la cultura mundial. Se revisan algunos de los estudios más sólidos y recientes que sugieren esta relación tan estrecha entre estilo de vida no saludable y riesgo de enfermedad.
Palabras clave:
Alimentación saludable
Dieta mediterránea
Ingestas dietéticas de referencia
Recomendaciones dietéticas
Medicina basada en la evidencia
Abstract
A diet is healthy when it encourages good health and reduces the risk of diet-related chronic diseases. Epidemiological research has demonstrated a close relationship between diet and the risk of developing these chronic diseases, which are characterized by high morbidity and mortality. Consequently reference intakes that would serve as a guide to guarantee a healthy nutritional status should be established. The Mediterranean diet is a tradition that goes back for more than a hundred years and which contributes to excellent nutritional status; this diet is highly palatable and forms part of global culture. Some of the most rigorous and recent studies on the relationship between unhealthy lifestyle and the risk of disease are reviewed.
Key words:
Healthy diet
The Mediterranean diet
Dietary reference intakes (DRI)
Recommended dietary allowances (RDA)
Evidence-based medicine
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