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Inicio Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica Effectiveness of Mycobacterium tuberculosis recombinant proteins-coated gold nan...
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Original article
Available online 5 August 2024
Effectiveness of Mycobacterium tuberculosis recombinant proteins-coated gold nanoparticles in improving the interferon-gamma release assay test
Eficacia de las nanopartículas de oro recubiertas de proteínas recombinantes de Mycobacterium tuberculosis para mejorar la prueba de ensayo de liberación de interferón gamma
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Najmeh Jomehpoura,b, Mojtaba Sankianc,d,
Corresponding author
sankianm@mums.ac.ir

Corresponding authors.
, Saman Soleimanpoura,b,e,
Corresponding author
soleimanpours@mums.ac.ir

Corresponding authors.
, Mohammad Derakhshanb, Kiarash Ghazvinib, Safora Pordelc, Malihe Moghadamd
a Antimicrobial Resistance Research Centre, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
b Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
c Immunology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
d Immunobiochemistry Laboratory, Immunology Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad, Iran
e Reference Tuberculosis Laboratory, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Table 1. Comparison of sensitivity and specificity of QFT-NG, QFT-A, and QFT-B in three groups: active tuberculosis (aTB), LTBI (latent tuberculosis infection) and health controls (HC).
Abstract
Introduction

Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are chemically inert, have low toxicity, and are easy to modify and functionalize for the detection of many pathogens. They have excellent immune modulatory and adjuvant properties. The aim of this study was to improve the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) by adding GNPs in tests based on interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) measurement.

Methods

GNPs were coated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) recombinant proteins including TB10.4, CFP-10, ESAT-6, and TB7.7. Then, they exposed the whole blood of subjects with active tuberculosis (aTB), LTBI, and healthy controls (HC). Subsequently, IFN-γ produced in GNP tubes (QFT-NG) was measured and compared with IFN-γ produced in tubes without GNPs [QFT-A: (CFP-10, ESAT-6, TB7.7, TB10.4), QFT-B: (CFP-10, ESAT-6, TB7.7)].

Results

The results showed that the IFN-γ production in the GNPs tubes was significantly higher than in tubes without GNPs in aTB, LTBI, and HC subjects. In aTB patients, the mean difference (MD) between the QFT-NG and QFT-A tubes was 0.44, with a P-value of 0.04, and a 95% CI: 0.07–0.88. Furthermore, in LTBI individuals, the QFT-NG and QFT-A tubes exhibited an MD=0.21, P-value=0.03, 95% CI: 0.15–0.4. In the aTB and LTBI subjects were detected in the QFT-NG tubes with a sensitivity of 95%, 100% and specificity 100%, 86%, respectively.

Conclusion

The use of GNPs coated with Mtb recombinant proteins can aid in detecting LTBI subjects by increasing IFN-γ levels.

Keyword:
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Gold nanoparticle
Active tuberculosis
Latent tuberculosis infection
Interferon gamma
Recombinant proteins
Resumen
Introducción

Las nanopartículas de oro (NPO) son químicamente inertes, tienen baja toxicidad y son fáciles de modificar y funcionalizar para la detección de muchos patógenos. Tienen excelentes propiedades inmunomoduladoras y adyuvantes. El objetivo de este estudio fue mejorar el diagnóstico de tuberculosis añadiendo NPO en pruebas basadas en la medición de interferón gamma.

Métodos

Las NPO se recubrieron con proteínas recombinantes de Mycobacterium tuberculosis, incluidas TB10.4, CFP-10, ESAT-6 y TB7.7. Luego, expusieron la sangre total de sujetos con tuberculosis activa (TBa), infección tuberculosa latente (ITBL) y controles sanos (CS). Posteriormente, se midió el IFN-γ producido en tubos con NPO (QFT-NG) y se comparó con el IFN-γ producido en tubos sin NPO (QFT-A, QFT-B).

Resultados

Los resultados mostraron que la producción de IFN-γ en los tubos con NPO fue significativamente mayor que en los tubos sin NPO en sujetos con TBa, ITBL y CS. En pacientes con TBa, la diferencia media (DM) entre los tubos QFT-NG y QFT-A fue de 0,44, con un valor de p de 0,04 y un IC del 95% de 0,07 a 0,88. Además, en personas con ITBL, los tubos QFT-NG y QFT-A mostraron un DM=0,21, un valor de p=0,03 y un IC del 95% de 0,15-0,4. Los sujetos con TBa y ITBL se detectaron en los tubos QFT-NG con una sensibilidad del 95% y del 100% y una especificidad del 100% y del 86%, respectivamente.

Conclusión

El uso de NPO recubiertos con proteínas recombinantes de M. tuberculosis puede ayudar a detectar sujetos con ITBL y TBa al aumentar los niveles de IFN-γ.

Palabras clave:
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Nanopartícula de oro
Tuberculosis activa
Infección tuberculosa latente
Interferón gamma
Proteínas recombinantes

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