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Inicio Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica Trend of pediatric leprosy in an endemic area in Northeast of Brazil, 2008–201...
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Vol. 42. Issue 8.
Pages 401-405 (October 2024)
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Vol. 42. Issue 8.
Pages 401-405 (October 2024)
Original article
Trend of pediatric leprosy in an endemic area in Northeast of Brazil, 2008–2018
Tendencia de la lepra pediátrica en un área endémica del nordeste de Brasil, 2008-2018
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Maria Eugênia Farias Gamaa,b,
Corresponding author
mariaeugeniagama@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Aline de Paula Caetano Pereirab,c
a Municipal Health Secretariat in Recife, Health District VI, Recife, Brazil
b Facultad Interamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Maestría en Salud Pública, Brazil
c Hospital da Restauração Governador Paulo Guerra, Recife, Brazil
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Table 1. Sociodemographic characterization and distribution of leprosy cases according to the mode of entry into the registry of cases in children under 15 years of age in the municipality of Cabo de Santo Agostinho, from 2008 to 2018 (SINAN/Municipal Health Secretariat).
Table 2. Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of new cases in children aged under 15 years diagnosed with leprosy from 2008 to 2018 (SINAN/Municipal Health Secretariat) in Cabo de Santo Agostinho, Northeastern Brazil.
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Abstract
Background

The incidence of leprosy in children is an important indicator of the disease's tendency in the general population and suggests intense circulation and transmission of Mycobacterium leprae.

Objectives

To describe the clinical, epidemiological characteristics and temporal dynamics of leprosy cases in children under 15 years of age from 2008 to 2018 in an endemic municipality.

Methods

A descriptive study with an analytical approach was carried out with data from leprosy cases registered in the Brazilian Information System on Notifiable Diseases for the municipality of Cabo de Santo Agostinho, Pernambuco, Brazil.

Results

Between 2008 and 2018, 112 new cases of leprosy were registered. Most cases were classified as paucibacillary leprosy and occurred in children living in urban areas. There was no significant difference in the incidence of leprosy during the study period. Only 4.5% of the sample presented reactional episodes, but a high number of cases were not evaluated for the occurrence of reactions.

Conclusions

The findings of this study show a high incidence of paucibacillary leprosy in children and adolescents, which reveals active transmission in the community and failures in the detection of new multibacillary cases among adults. Children between 10 and 14 years old are more vulnerable to M. leprae infection and mainly develop paucibacillary leprosy.

Keywords:
Neglected disease
Mycobacterium leprae
Children
Public health
Resumen
Antecedentes

La incidencia de lepra en niños es un indicador importante de la tendencia de la enfermedad en la población general y muestra una intensa circulación y transmisión de Mycobacterium leprae.

Objetivos

Describir las características clínico-epidemiológicas y la dinámica temporal de los casos de lepra en menores de 15 años de 2008 a 2018 en un municipio endémico.

Métodos

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo con enfoque analítico con datos de casos de lepra del Sistema Brasileño de Información sobre Enfermedades de Declaración Obligatoria para el municipio de Cabo de Santo Agostinho, Pernambuco, Brasil.

Resultados

Entre 2008 y 2018, se registraron 112 nuevos casos de lepra. La mayoría de los casos fueron clasificados como lepra paucibacilar y ocurrieron en niños que viven en áreas urbanas. No hubo diferencias significativas en cuanto a la incidencia de la lepra durante el período de estudio. Solo el 4,5% de la muestra presentó episodios reaccionales, pero un gran número de casos no fueron evaluados para determinar la aparición de reacciones.

Conclusiones

Los hallazgos de este estudio muestran una alta incidencia de lepra paucibacilar en niños y adolescentes, lo que revela transmisión activa en la comunidad y fallas en la detección de nuevos casos multibacilares entre adultos. Los niños entre 10 y 14 años son más vulnerables a la infección por Mycobacterium leprae y desarrollan principalmente lepra paucibacilar.

Palabras clave:
Enfermedad desatendida
Mycobacterium leprae
Niños
Salud pública

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