Cartas Cientificas
Human dermatophilosis. First description in Spain and diagnosis by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF).
Dermatofilosis humana. Primera descripción en España y diagnóstico mediante MALDI-TOF.
Read
7701
Timeswas read the article
1420
Total PDF
6281
Total HTML
Share statistics
array:23 [ "pii" => "S0213005X10002053" "issn" => "0213005X" "doi" => "10.1016/j.eimc.2010.02.017" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2010-12-01" "aid" => "338" "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L.. All rights reserved" "copyrightAnyo" => "2009" "documento" => "simple-article" "crossmark" => 0 "subdocumento" => "cor" "cita" => "Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin. 2010;28:747-8" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 4266 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 12 "HTML" => 3747 "PDF" => 507 ] ] "itemSiguiente" => array:18 [ "pii" => "S0213005X10002144" "issn" => "0213005X" "doi" => "10.1016/j.eimc.2010.02.020" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2010-12-01" "aid" => "347" "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L." "documento" => "simple-article" "crossmark" => 0 "subdocumento" => "cor" "cita" => "Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin. 2010;28:748-9" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 5193 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 12 "HTML" => 4708 "PDF" => 473 ] ] "es" => array:10 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Carta científica</span>" "titulo" => "Diarrea por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Vibrio fluvialis</span> en un paciente infectado por el VIH" "tienePdf" => "es" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "748" "paginaFinal" => "749" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Vibrio fluvialis diarrhoea in an HIV infected patient" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Jorge Usó, María Dolores Tirado, Rosario Moreno, Ana Campos" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Jorge" "apellidos" => "Usó" ] 1 => array:3 [ "Iniciales" => "M.D." "nombre" => "María Dolores" "apellidos" => "Tirado" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Rosario" "apellidos" => "Moreno" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Ana" "apellidos" => "Campos" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0213005X10002144?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/0213005X/0000002800000010/v1_201305090151/S0213005X10002144/v1_201305090151/es/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:18 [ "pii" => "S0213005X10002077" "issn" => "0213005X" "doi" => "10.1016/j.eimc.2010.03.007" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2010-12-01" "aid" => "340" "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L." "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "subdocumento" => "sco" "cita" => "Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin. 2010;28:744-6" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 35422 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 11 "HTML" => 34267 "PDF" => 1144 ] ] "es" => array:11 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Diagnóstico a primera vista</span>" "titulo" => "Lesión sangrante en cuello uterino en una mujer infectada con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH)" "tienePdf" => "es" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "744" "paginaFinal" => "746" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Bleeding lesion in the cervix of a woman infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig1" "etiqueta" => "Figura 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 620 "Ancho" => 1500 "Tamanyo" => 171288 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "es" => "<p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Visión macroscópica del cuello uterino. A) Se aprecia el aumento de tamaño, la deformación y congestión. B) Edema de la mucosa y exulceraciones que comprometen labios anterior y posterior, de bordes irregulares y anfractuosos con sangrado espontáneo.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Daniela D’Alessandro, Verónica Solernou, Angela Avegno, María Teresa Rodríguez" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Daniela" "apellidos" => "D’Alessandro" ] 1 => array:3 [ "Iniciales" => "V." "nombre" => "Verónica" "apellidos" => "Solernou" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Angela" "apellidos" => "Avegno" ] 3 => array:3 [ "Iniciales" => "M.T." "nombre" => "María Teresa" "apellidos" => "Rodríguez" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0213005X10002077?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/0213005X/0000002800000010/v1_201305090151/S0213005X10002077/v1_201305090151/es/main.assets" ] "en" => array:15 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Cartas Cientificas</span>" "titulo" => "Human dermatophilosis. First description in Spain and diagnosis by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF)." "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "saludo" => "Dear Editor:" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "747" "paginaFinal" => "748" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "María Isabel Porras, Javier Cañueto, Laura Ferreira, María Inmaculada García" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:4 [ "Iniciales" => "M.I." "nombre" => "María Isabel" "apellidos" => "Porras" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff1" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Javier" "apellidos" => "Cañueto" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff2" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Laura" "apellidos" => "Ferreira" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff3" ] ] ] 3 => array:5 [ "Iniciales" => "M.I." "nombre" => "María Inmaculada" "apellidos" => "García" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "inmagargar@hotmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff1" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">¿</span>" "identificador" => "cor1" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Departamento de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, España" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff1" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, España" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff2" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, España" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff3" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor1" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Dermatofilosis humana. Primera descripción en España y diagnóstico mediante MALDI-TOF." ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig1" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1581 "Ancho" => 980 "Tamanyo" => 368757 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A) Irregular, rough, yellowish <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">D. congolensis</span> colonies in blood agar. B) Gram staining of the colonies showing gram-positive coccoid forms, some of them associated in parallel rows of chains, and long, irregular filaments.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A 25 year-old woman with no notable history presented with a rash that appeared two weeks before, during a journey to Thailand. She noticed the lesions after bathing in a lake in which there were elephants and other exotic animals. The rash began as little reddish spots on both legs, which turned into papules and in some cases into pustules. Skin examination revealed multiple papules or little round reddish plaques with well defined borders on both legs. The rash was not painful but was mildly pruritic. The patient did not refer to any other symptoms. There was no fever, and routine laboratory analyses were within normal ranges. A skin biopsy was taken for histopathological and microbiological studies. After 4 days, an organism grew in a normal blood culture and on chocolate and Brucella agar plates. Colonies were yellowish, slightly beta-haemolytic, irregular, rough, and produced pits in the agar medium (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig1">Fig. 1</a>A). Biochemical tests were positive for β -haemolysis, catalase, urease, gelatin hydrolysis, and growth at 35°<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>C, acid from glucose and fructose, arginine dihydrolase, pyrrolidonyl arylamidase. Gram staining showed gram-positive coccoid forms, some of them associated in parallel rows of chains, and long, irregular filaments, sometimes with transverse septa (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig1">Fig. 1</a>B). Primers based on the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">agac</span> gene, coding for an alkaline ceramidase specific for <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">D. congolensis</span> (GenBank accession number <a href="ncbi-n:AJ496026">AJ496026</a>),<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> were designed. PCR/sequencing led to a 2090 bp fragment which was identified as belonging to the alkaline ceramidase specific for <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">D. congolensis</span>. The microorganism was also identified by mass spectrometry, using a MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry device and the MALDI BioTyper software (Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Leipzig, Germany).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib2"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry also identified the microorganism as <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">D. congolensis</span> with a score of 1.96 (identification reliable at the genus level according usual MALDI-TOF recommendations). The histopathological study showed an epidermis with variable thickness and irregular psoriasiform pattern, with spongiosis, neutrophils, local hyperkeratosis and, occasionally, intracorneal pustules. Dermatophilosis is a cutaneous infection caused by <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Dermatophilus congolensis</span>, a facultative anaerobe, actinomycetal gram-positive microorganism primarily known as an animal pathogen, associated to acute and chronic dermatitis. Though animal dermatophilosis has been reported in several countries in Europe,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib3"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> no human dermatophilosis (HD) cases have been previously reported in Europe, and a small number of HD have been described worldwide, mainly in the United States, Australia and Africa. Most cases are skin infections associated to contact with animals, and the clinical presentation can be very heterogeneous.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib3"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3–8</span></a> In clinical samples, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Dermatophilus</span> appears as branching microorganisms which develop both transverse and longitudinal septa. Septation results in the formation of chains of coccoid cells in up to eight parallel rows.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib3"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3,5</span></a> These coccoid cells, under favourable conditions (mainly humid environments) can be released and lead to flagellated, motile zoospores, which are the infective form. The zoospores then lead to germ tubes that develop into branching filaments, the invasive form of the organism.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib7"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> After 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h of incubation, colonies appear beta-hemolytic, small, irregular, heaped, rough, yellowish (grey or orange colonies may appear sometimes) and produce pits in the agar medium.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib4"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4,7</span></a> The organism does not grow on MacConkey, Sabouraud and Lowenstein-Jensen agar.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib7"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig1"></elsevierMultimedia><p class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Infection leads to the formation of scabs harbouring <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">D. congolensis</span>, which can be a source for transmission. In a dry environment, the zoospores can remain inactive in the scab for months. When there is sufficient humidity, the zoospores reactivate and become invasive. This high humidity level seems to be decisive for infectivity.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib3"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3,5</span></a></p></span>" "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "multimedia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig1" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1581 "Ancho" => 980 "Tamanyo" => 368757 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A) Irregular, rough, yellowish <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">D. congolensis</span> colonies in blood agar. B) Gram staining of the colonies showing gram-positive coccoid forms, some of them associated in parallel rows of chains, and long, irregular filaments.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:8 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Identification of an alkaline ceramidase gene from <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Dermatophilus congolensis</span>" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "A. García Sánchez" 1 => "R. Cerrato" 2 => "J. Larrasa" 3 => "N.C. Ambrose" 4 => "A. Parra" 5 => "J.M. Alonso" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.vetmic.2003.10.028" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Vet Microbiol" "fecha" => "2004" "volumen" => "99" "paginaInicial" => "67" "paginaFinal" => "74" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15019113" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib2" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Evaluation of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry in comparison to 16S rRNA gene sequencing for species identification of nonfermenting bacteria" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "A. Mellmann" 1 => "J. Cloud" 2 => "T. Maier" 3 => "U. Keckevoet" 4 => "I. Ramminger" 5 => "P. Iwen" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Microbiol" "fecha" => "2008" "volumen" => "46" "paginaInicial" => "1946" "paginaFinal" => "1954" ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib3" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Dermatophilus congolensis</span> infection (dermatophilosis) in animals and man. An update" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "L.T. Zaria" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis" "fecha" => "1993" "volumen" => "16" "paginaInicial" => "179" "paginaFinal" => "222" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8403836" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib4" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Rapid and cost-effective identification of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bartonella</span> species using mass spectrometry" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "P.E. Fournier" 1 => "C. Couderc" 2 => "S. Buffet" 3 => "C. Flaudrops" 4 => "D. Raoult" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1099/jmm.0.009647-0" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Med Microbiol" "fecha" => "2009" "volumen" => "58" "paginaInicial" => "1154" "paginaFinal" => "1159" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19528172" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib5" "etiqueta" => "5" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Conville PS, Witebsky FG. <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Nocardia, Rhodococcus, Gordonia, Actinomadura, Streptomyces</span>, and other aerobic <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Actinomycetes.</span> In: Murray PR, Baron EJ, Jorgensen JH, Landry ML, Pfaller MA, editores. Manual of Clinical Microbiology. 9th ed., ASM Press: Washington DC; 2007; p. 515–2" ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib6" "etiqueta" => "6" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Dermatophilus congolensis human infection" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "L. Towersei" 1 => "E. de Castro Soares Martin" 2 => "A.T. Londero" 3 => "R.J. Hay" 4 => "P.J. Soares Filbo" 5 => "C.M. Takiya" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Am Acad Dermatol" "fecha" => "1993" "volumen" => "29" "paginaInicial" => "351" "paginaFinal" => "354" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8340513" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib7" "etiqueta" => "7" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Human infections with Dermatophilus congolensis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "G.W. Kaminsky" 1 => "I.I. Suter" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Med J Aust" "fecha" => "1976" "volumen" => "1" "paginaInicial" => "443" "paginaFinal" => "447" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/661719" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib8" "etiqueta" => "8" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Pustular dermatitis caused by <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Dermatophilus congolensis</span>" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "E.M. Burd" 1 => "L.A. Juzych" 2 => "J.T. Rudrik" 3 => "F. Habib" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1128/JCM.00327-07" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Microbiol" "fecha" => "2007" "volumen" => "45" "paginaInicial" => "1655" "paginaFinal" => "1658" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17376877" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "agradecimientos" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xack42094" "titulo" => "Acknowledgments" "texto" => "<p class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Authors gratefully acknowledge Prof. Juan Luis Muñoz Bellido (Departamento de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca) for his help in the conventional and molecular identification of the microorganism and the preparation of the manuscript, and to Prof. Jose Manuel González-Buitrago Arriero (Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca) for his help in MALDI-TOFF identification.</p>" ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/0213005X/0000002800000010/v1_201305090151/S0213005X10002053/v1_201305090151/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "8691" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Cartas científicas" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/0213005X/0000002800000010/v1_201305090151/S0213005X10002053/v1_201305090151/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0213005X10002053?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ]
| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2024 October | 23 | 13 | 36 |
| 2024 September | 30 | 13 | 43 |
| 2024 August | 30 | 11 | 41 |
| 2024 July | 23 | 14 | 37 |
| 2024 June | 32 | 8 | 40 |
| 2024 May | 32 | 6 | 38 |
| 2024 April | 50 | 8 | 58 |
| 2024 March | 56 | 16 | 72 |
| 2024 February | 49 | 5 | 54 |
| 2024 January | 57 | 12 | 69 |
| 2023 December | 54 | 9 | 63 |
| 2023 November | 49 | 9 | 58 |
| 2023 October | 56 | 27 | 83 |
| 2023 September | 39 | 21 | 60 |
| 2023 August | 43 | 19 | 62 |
| 2023 July | 71 | 49 | 120 |
| 2023 June | 74 | 27 | 101 |
| 2023 May | 107 | 32 | 139 |
| 2023 April | 79 | 20 | 99 |
| 2023 March | 59 | 18 | 77 |
| 2023 February | 66 | 19 | 85 |
| 2023 January | 57 | 33 | 90 |
| 2022 December | 40 | 24 | 64 |
| 2022 November | 56 | 24 | 80 |
| 2022 October | 39 | 30 | 69 |
| 2022 September | 47 | 45 | 92 |
| 2022 August | 38 | 13 | 51 |
| 2022 July | 29 | 17 | 46 |
| 2022 June | 30 | 14 | 44 |
| 2022 May | 47 | 21 | 68 |
| 2022 April | 45 | 8 | 53 |
| 2022 March | 55 | 22 | 77 |
| 2022 February | 36 | 21 | 57 |
| 2022 January | 31 | 26 | 57 |
| 2021 December | 46 | 29 | 75 |
| 2021 November | 58 | 13 | 71 |
| 2021 October | 53 | 18 | 71 |
| 2021 September | 38 | 8 | 46 |
| 2021 August | 33 | 9 | 42 |
| 2021 July | 35 | 12 | 47 |
| 2021 June | 26 | 5 | 31 |
| 2021 May | 33 | 11 | 44 |
| 2021 April | 41 | 22 | 63 |
| 2021 March | 45 | 12 | 57 |
| 2021 February | 55 | 16 | 71 |
| 2021 January | 50 | 9 | 59 |
| 2020 December | 59 | 13 | 72 |
| 2020 November | 41 | 10 | 51 |
| 2020 October | 37 | 10 | 47 |
| 2020 September | 38 | 12 | 50 |
| 2020 August | 45 | 9 | 54 |
| 2020 July | 32 | 10 | 42 |
| 2020 June | 20 | 11 | 31 |
| 2020 May | 42 | 12 | 54 |
| 2020 April | 34 | 3 | 37 |
| 2020 March | 34 | 3 | 37 |
| 2020 February | 30 | 5 | 35 |
| 2020 January | 29 | 3 | 32 |
| 2019 December | 43 | 13 | 56 |
| 2019 November | 23 | 8 | 31 |
| 2019 October | 35 | 10 | 45 |
| 2019 September | 28 | 2 | 30 |
| 2019 August | 24 | 8 | 32 |
| 2019 July | 29 | 15 | 44 |
| 2019 June | 53 | 12 | 65 |
| 2019 May | 97 | 25 | 122 |
| 2019 April | 35 | 12 | 47 |
| 2019 March | 6 | 5 | 11 |
| 2019 February | 11 | 8 | 19 |
| 2019 January | 9 | 2 | 11 |
| 2018 December | 9 | 7 | 16 |
| 2018 November | 22 | 7 | 29 |
| 2018 October | 27 | 5 | 32 |
| 2018 September | 9 | 5 | 14 |
| 2018 August | 12 | 4 | 16 |
| 2018 July | 11 | 1 | 12 |
| 2018 June | 7 | 1 | 8 |
| 2018 May | 5 | 6 | 11 |
| 2018 April | 10 | 3 | 13 |
| 2018 March | 13 | 0 | 13 |
| 2018 February | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| 2018 January | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| 2017 December | 13 | 2 | 15 |
| 2017 November | 11 | 1 | 12 |
| 2017 October | 10 | 2 | 12 |
| 2017 September | 19 | 1 | 20 |
| 2017 August | 19 | 4 | 23 |
| 2017 July | 9 | 3 | 12 |
| 2017 June | 20 | 4 | 24 |
| 2017 May | 26 | 1 | 27 |
| 2017 April | 29 | 3 | 32 |
| 2017 March | 24 | 49 | 73 |
| 2017 February | 22 | 3 | 25 |
| 2017 January | 30 | 1 | 31 |
| 2016 December | 24 | 6 | 30 |
| 2016 November | 27 | 3 | 30 |
| 2016 October | 40 | 8 | 48 |
| 2016 September | 39 | 5 | 44 |
| 2016 August | 25 | 2 | 27 |
| 2016 July | 28 | 2 | 30 |
| 2016 June | 36 | 6 | 42 |
| 2016 May | 24 | 1 | 25 |
| 2016 April | 22 | 24 | 46 |
| 2016 March | 21 | 6 | 27 |
| 2016 February | 22 | 11 | 33 |
| 2016 January | 41 | 12 | 53 |
| 2015 December | 44 | 9 | 53 |
| 2015 November | 30 | 7 | 37 |
| 2015 October | 36 | 7 | 43 |
| 2015 September | 41 | 6 | 47 |
| 2015 August | 55 | 7 | 62 |
| 2015 July | 62 | 3 | 65 |
| 2015 June | 41 | 2 | 43 |
| 2015 May | 34 | 4 | 38 |
| 2015 April | 53 | 7 | 60 |
| 2015 March | 39 | 4 | 43 |
| 2015 February | 26 | 1 | 27 |
| 2015 January | 45 | 3 | 48 |
| 2014 December | 66 | 7 | 73 |
| 2014 November | 50 | 1 | 51 |
| 2014 October | 72 | 5 | 77 |
| 2014 September | 55 | 3 | 58 |
| 2014 August | 46 | 1 | 47 |
| 2014 July | 47 | 1 | 48 |
| 2014 June | 32 | 1 | 33 |
| 2014 May | 40 | 1 | 41 |
| 2014 April | 21 | 2 | 23 |
| 2014 March | 66 | 12 | 78 |
| 2014 February | 66 | 8 | 74 |
| 2014 January | 57 | 3 | 60 |
| 2013 December | 59 | 6 | 65 |
| 2013 November | 48 | 5 | 53 |
| 2013 October | 67 | 9 | 76 |
| 2013 September | 41 | 7 | 48 |
| 2013 August | 76 | 10 | 86 |
| 2013 July | 59 | 5 | 64 |
| 2013 June | 18 | 2 | 20 |
| 2013 May | 32 | 6 | 38 |
| 2013 April | 24 | 5 | 29 |
| 2013 March | 43 | 8 | 51 |
| 2013 February | 13 | 4 | 17 |
| 2013 January | 3 | 2 | 5 |
| 2012 December | 6 | 5 | 11 |
| 2012 November | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 2012 October | 3 | 1 | 4 |
| 2010 December | 968 | 0 | 968 |
Show all
