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Vol. 20. Issue 3.
Pages 117-122 (March 2002)
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Vol. 20. Issue 3.
Pages 117-122 (March 2002)
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Diagnóstico e investigación epidemiológica de un brote de toxiinfección alimentaria causado por Clostridium perfringens
Diagnosis and epidemiological investigation of an outbreak of Clostridium perfringens food poisoning
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9845
Juan Carlos Sanza,1
Corresponding author
jcsanz1@teleline.es

Correspondencia: Dr. J.C. Sanz. Laboratorio Regional de Salud Pública. Dirección General de Salud Pública. Consejería de Sanidad Comunidad de Madrid. General Oraa, 15. 28006 Madrid.
, María Felicitas Domínguezb, María Jesús Sagüesa, Marisa Fernándeza, Ricardo Feitob, Rosa Nogueralesb, Ángel Asensioa, Karoline Fernández de la Hozb
a Laboratorio Regional de Salud Pública Dirección General de Salud Pública. Consejería de Sanidad Comunidad de Madrid. España
b Servicio de Salud Pública Área Sanitaria II. Dirección General de Salud Pública. Consejería de Sanidad Comunidad de Madrid. España
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Fundamento

Aunque Clostridium perfringens es un agente clásico de toxiinfección alimentaria, la levedad y el carácter autolimitado del cuadro limita con frecuencia su confirmación microbiológica. Este estudio describe la investigación de un brote de diarrea por C. perfringens ocurrido en un establecimiento público de hostelería.

Métodos

Se realizó una encuesta epidemiológica y una inspección del establecimiento. Para los distintos alimentos consumidos se calcularon las tasas específicas de ataque. La causalidad independiente de cada plato se estableció calculando las odds ratio ajustadas mediante un modelo de regresión logística. La investigación de la toxina de Clostridium perfringens en heces de 4 enfermos y de un sujeto expuesto asintomático se realizó por aglutinación pasiva reversa por látex.

Resultados

La tasa global de ataque fue del 70,8%. La sintomatología consistió fundamentalmente en diarrea (100%) y dolor abdominal (94%). Se detectaron diferencias significativas en las tasas específicas de ataque para el consumo de diferentes platos. Sin embargo, la contribución independiente de cada uno de ellos sólo resultó significativa para el consumo de “ravioli con salsa de queso”. La detección fecal de enterotoxina de C. perfringens resultó positiva en los 4 enfermos estudiados, pero no en el sujeto expuesto y asintomático.

Conclusiones

En este brote la tasa global de ataque fue alta. La sintomatología concuerda con los datos previamente publicados. El análisis epidemiológico implicó a los “ravioli con salsa de queso” como alimento responsable y la investigación clínica, junto con la detección de la toxina en heces, permitieron identificar a C. perfringens como el agente etiológico.

Palabras clave:
Clostridium perfringens
Brote
Enterotoxina
Heces
Objective

Clostridium perfringens is a classical agent of food-borne disease but because of the mildness and self-limiting nature of the illness, many cases are undiagnosed. This study describes the investigation of an outbreak of diarrhea due to C. perfringens in a public restaurant.

Methods

An epidemiological survey was performed and the restaurant was inspected. The specific attack rates for the items on the menu were calculated. Odds ratios were calculated to investigate the independent association between each item and the disease using a logistic regression model. Investigation of C. perfringens toxin in the feces of four symptomatic subjects and one exposed but asymptomatic subject was performed by the reverse passive latex agglutination test.

Results

The overall attack rate was 70.8%. The main symptoms were diarrhea (100%) and abdominal pain (94%). Significant differences were found in specific attack rates for consumption of different menu items. However, the independent contribution of each item was significant only for consumption of “ravioli with cheese sauce”. Fecal detection of C. perfringens enterotoxin was positive in the four symptomatic subjects and negative in the exposed but asymptomatic subject.

Conclusions

The overall attack rate in this outbreak was high. The clinical symptomatology was similar to previously published data. The epidemiological analysis revealed “ravioli with cheese sauce” to be responsible for transmission of the disease and clinical investigation together with the fecal enterotoxin detection established C. perfringens as the etiological agent.

Key words:
Clostridium perfringens
Outbreak
Enterotoxin
Feces
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