metricas
covid
Buscar en
Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica
Toda la web
Inicio Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica Diagnóstico e investigación epidemiológica de un brote de toxiinfección alim...
Información de la revista
Vol. 20. Núm. 3.
Páginas 117-122 (marzo 2002)
Compartir
Compartir
Descargar PDF
Más opciones de artículo
Vol. 20. Núm. 3.
Páginas 117-122 (marzo 2002)
Acceso a texto completo
Diagnóstico e investigación epidemiológica de un brote de toxiinfección alimentaria causado por Clostridium perfringens
Diagnosis and epidemiological investigation of an outbreak of Clostridium perfringens food poisoning
Visitas
9918
Juan Carlos Sanza,1
Autor para correspondencia
jcsanz1@teleline.es

Correspondencia: Dr. J.C. Sanz. Laboratorio Regional de Salud Pública. Dirección General de Salud Pública. Consejería de Sanidad Comunidad de Madrid. General Oraa, 15. 28006 Madrid.
, María Felicitas Domínguezb, María Jesús Sagüesa, Marisa Fernándeza, Ricardo Feitob, Rosa Nogueralesb, Ángel Asensioa, Karoline Fernández de la Hozb
a Laboratorio Regional de Salud Pública Dirección General de Salud Pública. Consejería de Sanidad Comunidad de Madrid. España
b Servicio de Salud Pública Área Sanitaria II. Dirección General de Salud Pública. Consejería de Sanidad Comunidad de Madrid. España
Este artículo ha recibido
Información del artículo
Resumen
Bibliografía
Descargar PDF
Estadísticas
Fundamento

Aunque Clostridium perfringens es un agente clásico de toxiinfección alimentaria, la levedad y el carácter autolimitado del cuadro limita con frecuencia su confirmación microbiológica. Este estudio describe la investigación de un brote de diarrea por C. perfringens ocurrido en un establecimiento público de hostelería.

Métodos

Se realizó una encuesta epidemiológica y una inspección del establecimiento. Para los distintos alimentos consumidos se calcularon las tasas específicas de ataque. La causalidad independiente de cada plato se estableció calculando las odds ratio ajustadas mediante un modelo de regresión logística. La investigación de la toxina de Clostridium perfringens en heces de 4 enfermos y de un sujeto expuesto asintomático se realizó por aglutinación pasiva reversa por látex.

Resultados

La tasa global de ataque fue del 70,8%. La sintomatología consistió fundamentalmente en diarrea (100%) y dolor abdominal (94%). Se detectaron diferencias significativas en las tasas específicas de ataque para el consumo de diferentes platos. Sin embargo, la contribución independiente de cada uno de ellos sólo resultó significativa para el consumo de “ravioli con salsa de queso”. La detección fecal de enterotoxina de C. perfringens resultó positiva en los 4 enfermos estudiados, pero no en el sujeto expuesto y asintomático.

Conclusiones

En este brote la tasa global de ataque fue alta. La sintomatología concuerda con los datos previamente publicados. El análisis epidemiológico implicó a los “ravioli con salsa de queso” como alimento responsable y la investigación clínica, junto con la detección de la toxina en heces, permitieron identificar a C. perfringens como el agente etiológico.

Palabras clave:
Clostridium perfringens
Brote
Enterotoxina
Heces
Objective

Clostridium perfringens is a classical agent of food-borne disease but because of the mildness and self-limiting nature of the illness, many cases are undiagnosed. This study describes the investigation of an outbreak of diarrhea due to C. perfringens in a public restaurant.

Methods

An epidemiological survey was performed and the restaurant was inspected. The specific attack rates for the items on the menu were calculated. Odds ratios were calculated to investigate the independent association between each item and the disease using a logistic regression model. Investigation of C. perfringens toxin in the feces of four symptomatic subjects and one exposed but asymptomatic subject was performed by the reverse passive latex agglutination test.

Results

The overall attack rate was 70.8%. The main symptoms were diarrhea (100%) and abdominal pain (94%). Significant differences were found in specific attack rates for consumption of different menu items. However, the independent contribution of each item was significant only for consumption of “ravioli with cheese sauce”. Fecal detection of C. perfringens enterotoxin was positive in the four symptomatic subjects and negative in the exposed but asymptomatic subject.

Conclusions

The overall attack rate in this outbreak was high. The clinical symptomatology was similar to previously published data. The epidemiological analysis revealed “ravioli with cheese sauce” to be responsible for transmission of the disease and clinical investigation together with the fecal enterotoxin detection established C. perfringens as the etiological agent.

Key words:
Clostridium perfringens
Outbreak
Enterotoxin
Feces
El Texto completo está disponible en PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
M. López-Brea, J.C. Sanz.
Infección Gastrointestinal. Microbiología médica.
Microbiología clínica, pp. 227-251
[2.]
M. López-Brea, J.C. Sanz, M.A. Usera, J. Reina, L. Cardeñoso, F. Vasallo.
Gastroenteritis bacterianas, víricas, parasitarias, y toxiinfecciones alimentarias. Procedimientos en microbiología clínica.
Recomendaciones de la Sociedad Española de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica, 7 (1994), pp. 1-30
[3.]
M. López-Brea, J.C. Sanz.
Enteritis (bacterianas, víricas, parasitarias y fúngicas) y toxiinfecciones alimentarias. Tratado de medicina interna.
Medicine, 72 (1994), pp. 3183-3192
[4.]
R. Arcieri, A.M. Dionisi, A. Caprioli, P. Lopalco, R. Prato, C. Germinario.
Direct detection of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin in patients’ stools during an outbreak of food poisoning.
FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol, 23 (1999), pp. 45-48
[5.]
F. Tremolieres.
Food poisoning-infections in metropolitan France.
Rev Prat, 46 (1996), pp. 158-165
[6.]
M.J. Ryan, P.G. Wall, G.K. Adak, H.S. Evans, J.M. Cowden.
Outbreaks of infectious intestinal disease in residential institutions in England and Wales 1992-1994.
J Infect, 34 (1997), pp. 49-54
[7.]
M.J. Ryan, P.G. Wall, R.J. Gilbert, M. Griffin, B. Rowe.
Risk factors for outbreaks of infectious intestinal disease linked to domestic catering.
Commun Dis Rep CDR Rev, 6 (1996), pp. 179-183
[8.]
T. Djuretic, P.G. Wall, M.J. Ryan, H.S. Evans, G.K. Adak, J.M. Cowden.
General outbreaks of infectious intestinal disease in England and Wales 1992 to 1994.
Commun Dis Rep CDR Rev, 6 (1996), pp. 57-63
[9.]
A. Wada, Y. Masuda, M. Fukayama, T. Hatakeyama, Y. Yanagawa, H. Watanabe.
Nosocomial diarrhoea in the elderly due to enterotoxigenic Clostridium perfringens.
Microbiol Immunol, 40 (1996), pp. 767-771
[10.]
N. Miwa, T. Masuda, K. Terai, A. Kawamura, K. Otani, H. Miyamoto.
Bacteriological investigation of an outbreak of Clostridium perfringens food poisoning caused by Japanese food without animal protein.
Int J Food Microbiol, 1 (1999), pp. 103-106
[11.]
C.M. Regan, Q. Syed, P.J. Tunstall.
A hospital outbreak of Clostridium perfringens food poisoning–implications for food hygiene review in hospitals.
J Hosp Infect, 29 (1995), pp. 69-73
[12.]
A.M. Pollock, P.M. Whitty.
Outbreak of Clostridium perfringens food poisoning.
J Hosp Infect, 17 (1991), pp. 179-186
[13.]
T. Yamagishi, K. Sakamoto, S. Sakurai, K. Konishi, Y. Daimon, M. Matsuda.
A nosocomial outbreak of food poisoning caused by enterotoxigenic Clostridium perfringens.
Microbiol Immunol, 27 (1983), pp. 291-296
[14.]
M. Thomas, N.D. Noah.
Hospital outbreak of Clostridium perfringens food-poisoning.
Lancet, 1 (1977), pp. 1046-1048
[15.]
G. Tallis, S. Ng, C. Ferreira, A. Tan, J. Griffith.
A nursing home outbreak of Clostridium perfringens associated with pureed food.
Aust N Z J Public Health, 23 (1999), pp. 421-423
[16.]
G. Birkhead, R.L. Vogt, E.M. Heun, J.T. Snyder, B.A. McClane.
Characterization of an outbreak of Clostridium perfringens food poisoning by quantitative fecal culture and fecal enterotoxin measurement.
J Clin Microbiol, 26 (1988), pp. 471-474
[17.]
A.I. Parikh, M.T. Jay, D. Kassam, T. Kociemba, B. Dworkis, P.D. Bradley.
Clostridium perfringens outbreak at a juvenile detention facility linked to a Thanksgiving holiday meal.
W J Med, 166 (1997), pp. 417-419
[18.]
D.R. Tavris, R.P. Murphy, J.W. Jolley, S.M. Harmon, C. Williams, C.L. Brumback.
Two successive outbreaks of Clostridium perfringens at a state correctional institution.
Am J Public Health, 75 (1985), pp. 287-288
[19.]
P.R. Cieslak, M.B. Curtis, D.M. Coulombier, A.L. Hathcock, N.H. Bean, R.V. Tauxe.
Preventable disease in correctional facilities. Desmoteric foodborne outbreaks in the United States, 1974-1991.
Arch Intern Med, 156 (1996), pp. 1883-1888
[20.]
D. Hook, B. Jalaludin, G. Fitzsimmons.
Clostridium perfringens food-borne outbreak: an epidemiological investigation.
Aust N Z J Public Health, 20 (1996), pp. 119-122
[21.]
G. Caroli, G. Armani, A. Sciacca, M. Bargagna, E. Levre.
Two outbreaks of “Clostridium perfringens” food poisoning: epidemiological remarks.
Ann Sclavo, 19 (1977), pp. 494-501
[22.]
L.R. Petersen, R. Mshar, G.H. Cooper, A.R. Bruce, J.L. Hadler.
A large Clostridium perfringens foodborne outbreak with an unusual attack ratepattern.
Am J Epidemiol, 127 (1988), pp. 605-611
[23.]
H.S. Naik, C.L. Duncan.
Detection of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin in human fecal samples and anti-enterotoxin in sera.
J Clin Microbiol, 7 (1978), pp. 337-340
[24.]
B.A. Bartholomew, M.F. Stringer, G.N. Watson, R.J. Gilbert.
Development and application of an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for Clostridium perfringens type A enterotoxin.
J Clin Pathol, 38 (1985), pp. 222-228
[25.]
J.C. Wimsatt, S.M. Harmon, D.B. Shah.
Detection of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin in stool specimens and culture supernatants by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis, 4 (1986), pp. 307-313
[26.]
S.G. Jackson, D.A. Yip-Chuck, M.H. Brodsky.
A double antibody sandwich enzyme-immunoassay for Clostridium perfringens type A enterotoxin detection in stool specimens.
J Immunol Methods, 83 (1985), pp. 141-150
[27.]
S. Notermans, C. Heuvelman, H. Beckers, T. Uemura.
Evaluation of the ELISA as tool in diagnosing Clostridium perfringens enterotoxins.
Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg, 179 (1984), pp. 225-234
[28.]
J. Ridell, J. Bjorkroth, H. Eisgruber, B. Schalch, A. Stolle, H. Korkeala.
Prevalence of the enterotoxin gene and clonality of Clostridium perfringens strains associated with food-poisoning outbreaks.
J Food Prot, 61 (1998), pp. 240-243
[29.]
P.R. Berry, M.F. Stringer, T. Uemura.
Comparison of latex agglutination and ELISA for the detection of Clostridium perfringens type A enterotoxin in faeces.
Letts Appl Microbiol, 2 (1986), pp. 101-102
[30.]
S.M. Harmon, D.A. Kautter.
Evaluation of a reversed passive latex agglutination test kit for Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin.
Food Prot, 49 (1986), pp. 523-525
[31.]
P.R. Berry, J.C. Rodhouse, S. Hughes, B. Bartholomew, R.J. Gilber.
Evaluation of ELISA, RPLA and vero cell assays for detecting Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin in faecal specimens.
J Clin Pathol, 41 (1988), pp. 458-461
[32.]
S.M. Harmon, D.A. Kautter.
Enumeration of Clostridium perfringens spores in human feces: comparison of four culture media.
J Assoc Off Anal Chem, 70 (1987), pp. 994-996
[33.]
D.A. Schiemann.
Laboratory confirmation of an outbreak of Clostridium perfringens food poisoning.
Health Lab Sci, 14 (1977), pp. 35-38
[34.]
R.G. Labbe.
Symposium on microbiology update: old friends and new enemies. Clostridium perfringens.
J Assoc Off Anal Chem, 74 (1991), pp. 711-714
[35.]
T.P. Gross, L.B. Kamara, C.L. Hatheway, P. Powers, J.P. Libonati, S.M. Harmon, et al.
Clostridium perfringens food poisoning: use of serotyping in an outbreak setting.
J Clin Microbiol, 27 (1989), pp. 660-663
[36.]
R.P. Rennie, C.M. Anderson, B.G. Wensley, W.L. Albritton, D.E. Mahony.
Klebsiella pneumoniae gastroenteritis masked by Clostridium perfringens.
J Clin Microbiol, 28 (1990), pp. 216-219
[37.]
L. Sekla, W. Stackiw, S. Dzogan, D. Sargeant.
Foodborne gastroenteritis due to Norwalk virus in a Winnipeg hotel.
Can Med Assoc J, 140 (1989), pp. 1461-1464
[38.]
D.E. Mahony, R. Ahmed, S.G. Jackson.
Multiple typing techniques applied to a Clostridium perfringens food poisoning outbreak.
J Appl Bacteriol, 72 (1992), pp. 309-314
[39.]
D.E. Mahony, M.F. Stringer, S.P. Borriello, J.A. Mader.
Plasmid analysis as a means of strain differentiation in Clostridium perfringens.
J Clin Microbiol, 25 (1987), pp. 1333-1335
[40.]
M.F. Stringer, P.C. Turnbull, R.J. Gilbert.
Application of serological typing to the investigation of outbreaks of Clostridium perfringens food poisoning, 1970-1978.
J Hyg, 84 (1980), pp. 443-456
[41.]
H. Eisgruber, M. Wiedmann, A. Stolle.
Use of plasmid profiling as a typing method for epidemiologically related Clostridium perfringens isolates from food poisoning cases and outbreaks.
Lett Appl Microbiol, 20 (1995), pp. 290-294
[42.]
S.E. Maslanka, J.G. Kerr, G. Williams, J.M. Barbaree, L.A. Carson, J.M. Miller, et al.
Molecular subtyping of Clostridium perfringens by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to facilitate food-borne-disease outbreak investigations.
J Clin Microbiol, 37 (1999), pp. 2209-2214
[43.]
J. McLauchlin, G. Ripabelli, M.M. Brett, E.J. Threlfall.
Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis of Clostridium perfringens for epidemiological typing.
Int J Food Microbiol, 56 (2000), pp. 21-28
[44.]
B. Schalch, J. Bjorkroth, H. Eisgruber, H. Korkeala, A. Stolle.
Ribotyping for strain characterization of Clostridium perfringens isolates from food poisoning cases and outbreaks.
Appl Environ Microbiol, 63 (1997), pp. 3992-3994
[45.]
J.M. Cowden, P.G. Wall, G. Adak, H. Evans, S. Le Baigue, D. Ross.
Outbreaks of foodborne infectious intestinal disease in England and Wales: 1992 and 1993.
Commun Dis Rep CDR Rev, 5 (1995), pp. 109-117
[46.]
S. Springer, H.J. Selbitz.
The control of necrotic enteritis in sucking piglets by means of a Clostridium perfringens toxoid vaccine.
FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol, 24 (1999), pp. 333-336
[47.]
F.A. Uzal, M.I. Pasini, F.V. Olaechea, C.A. Robles, A. Elizondo.
An outbreak of enterotoxaemia caused by Clostridium perfringens type D in goats in Patagonia.
Vet Rec, 135 (1994), pp. 279-280
[48.]
U. Wernery, H.S. Seifert, A.M. Billah, M. Ali.
Predisposing factors in enterotoxemias of camels (Camelus dromedarius) caused by Clostridium perfringens type A.
Rev Elev Med Vet Pays Trop, 44 (1991), pp. 147-152
[49.]
N. Rozengurt, S. Sanchez.
Duodenal adenomas in Balb/-c mice monoinfected with Clostridium perfringens.
J Comp Pathol, 121 (1999), pp. 217-225
[50.]
Clostridium perfringens gastroenteritis associated with corned beef served at St. Patrick’s Day meals–Ohio and Virginia, 1993.
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 43 (1994), pp. 143-144
[51.]
R. Khatib, M. Naber, N. Shellum, L. Ashton, K. Knowles, V. Giardina, et al.
A common source outbreak of gastroenteritis in a teaching hospital.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, 15 (1994), pp. 534-535
[52.]
R.L. Roach, D.G. Sienko.
Clostridium perfringens outbreak associated with minestrone soup.
Am J Epidemiol, 136 (1992), pp. 1288-1291
[53.]
A.M. Pollock, P.M. Whitty.
Crisis in our hospital kitchens: ancillary staffing levels during an outbreak of food poisoning in a long stay hospital.
BMJ, 300 (1990), pp. 383-385
[54.]
P. Payment.
Poor efficacy of residual chlorine disinfectant in drinking water to inactivate waterborne pathogens in distribution systems.
Can J Microbiol, 45 (1999), pp. 709-715
Copyright © 2002. Elsevier España, S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
Descargar PDF
Opciones de artículo
es en pt

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?

Você é um profissional de saúde habilitado a prescrever ou dispensar medicamentos

Quizás le interese:
10.1016/j.eimc.2020.08.015
No mostrar más