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Vol. 26. Issue S11.
Maraviroc, el primer antagonista de los receptores de VIH
Pages 23-27 (October 2008)
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Vol. 26. Issue S11.
Maraviroc, el primer antagonista de los receptores de VIH
Pages 23-27 (October 2008)
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Efectos secundarios asociados al tratamiento con maraviroc y otros antagonistas de CCR5. Impacto potencial del bloqueo del receptor CCR5
Secondary effects of treatment with maraviroc and other CCR5 antagonists. Potential impact of the CCR5 blocker
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José R. Arribas López
Corresponding author
jrarribas.hulp@salud.madrid.org

Correspondencia: Consulta de Medicina Interna II (Unidad VIH). Hospital La Paz. Paseo de la Castellana, 261. 28046 Madrid. España.
Consulta de Medicina Interna II (Unidad VIH). Hospital La Paz. Madrid. España
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Maraviroc es el primer inhibidor de los correceptores CCR5 comercializado como antirretroviral. Los estudios preclínicos y los ensayos de fase 3 han demostrado que su perfil de seguridad es muy favorable. No se ha identificado un efecto adverso característico de maraviroc. En contraste con aplaviroc, cuyo desarrollo clínico fue interrumpido por hepatotoxicidad grave, no se ha demostrado un incremento de toxicidad hepática en pacientes tratados con maraviroc incluso si están coinfectados por virus hepatotropos. Tampoco se ha evidenciado un incremento en la incidencia de neoplasias o infecciones graves en pacientes tratados con maraviroc. En un estudio de pacientes naive, maraviroc causó cambios no significativos en colesterol total, lipoproteínas de baja densidad, lipoproteínas de alta densidad y triglicéridos.

Aunque los correceptores CCR5 desempeñan un papel en la respuesta inmunitaria del organismo, no se ha demostrado que los individuos homocigotos para su deleción (mutación delta-32) tengan un riesgo incrementado de infecciones graves, con la posible excepción de la encefalitis por el virus del Nilo occidental. Sin embargo, es necesario un seguimiento a largo plazo de los pacientes tratados con maraviroc para poder descartar una susceptibilidad incrementada a infecciones o neoplasias.

Palabras clave:
Maraviroc
CCR5
VIH
Efectos adversos

Maraviroc is the first inhibitor of CCR5 co-receptors to be marketed as an antiretroviral. The pre-clinical studies and phase III trials have shown that it has a very favourable safety profile. No characteristic adverse effect of maraviroc has been identified. Unlike with aplaviroc, where its clinical development was stopped due to serious hepatoxicity, no increase in liver toxicity has been demonstrated in patients treated with maraviroc even if they are co-infected by hepatotropic virus. Nor was there any evidence of an increase in the incidence of neoplasms or serious infections in patients treated with maraviroc. In a study on naive patients, maraviroc produced nonsignificant changes in total cholesterol, LDL, HDL and triglycerides.

Although CCR5 co-receptors play a role in the immune response of the body, it has not been shown whether individuals homozygote for its deletion (delta-32 mutation) have an increased risk of serious infections, with the possible exception of encephalitis due to the West Nile virus. However, long-term follow up is required on patients treated with to be able to rule out any increased susceptibility to infections or neoplasms.

Key words:
Maraviroc
CCR5
HIV
Adverse effects
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Copyright © 2008. Elsevier España S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
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