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Vol. 21. Issue 4.
Pages 180-187 (April 2003)
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Vol. 21. Issue 4.
Pages 180-187 (April 2003)
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Estudio de las infecciones respiratorias en el adulto ingresado en servicios de medicina interna y neumología. Estudio DIRA
Respiratory infections in adults hospitalized in internal medicine and pneumology departments. DIRA study
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9163
Juan J Picazoa,1
Corresponding author
jpicazo@microb.net

Correspondencia: Dr. J.J. Picazo. Servicio de Microbiología Clínica. Hospital Clínico San Carlos. Pl. Cristo Rey, s/n. 28040 Madrid. España. Manuscrito recibido el 29-01-2002; aceptado el 25-09-2002.
, Elisa Pérez-Ceciliaaa, Amadeo Herrerasb
a Servicio de Microbiología Clínica. Hospital Clínico San Carlos. Madrid.
b Departamento Médico Aventis, S.A. Madrid. España.
Grupo Dira En Medicina Interna, Neumología
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IntroducciÓn

Las infecciones del tracto respiratorio son procesos muy frecuentes que originan ingresos hospitalarios o complican a pacientes ya ingresados en servicios de medicina interna o neumolog? La Fundaci??ara el Estudio de la Infecci??mpuls?? Proyecto DIRA (D?de la Infecci??espiratoria en el Adulto), con objeto de conocer y valorar el impacto de este problema en general, y en particular en los servicios antes mencionados.

MÉtodos

Se ha realizado un estudio prospectivo de prevalencia con recogida de datos un día determinado, con una periodicidad trimestral (total 4 cortes), con la participación de 158 médicos pertenecientes a 100 servicios de medicina interna y neumología, recogiéndose información sobre el número de pacientes atendidos, pacientes con infección, con infección respiratoria y características epidemiológicas, clínicas, microbiológicas y de tratamiento de estos últimos.

Resultados

El número total de pacientes ingresados en los 4 cortes fue de 3.596. El 39,1% presentaban sintomatología compatible con una infección y en el 34,3% la infección era infección respiratoria (IR). En los pacientes con IR, la edad media fue de 65,6 años, el 68,8% eran varones, en el 84,1% existía enfermedad de base (la más frecuente, enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica [EPOC]) y en el 25,1% algún factor predisponente. La neumonía fue el diagnóstico más frecuente (41,3% de las IR). La IR fue documentada microbiológicamente en el 15,8% de los casos. El 99,7% de los pacientes con diagnóstico de bronquitis aguda y el 81,8% de los diagnosticados de infección de vías respiratorias altas recibieron tratamiento con antibióticos. Las penicilinas fueron los antibióticos más utilizados. Se presentan datos desglosados por diagnósticos.

Conclusiones

La IR es una enfermedad muy frecuente en los pacientes ingresados en los servicios de medicina interna y neumología de los hospitales, siendo la neumonía la que ocupa el primer lugar. La documentación microbiológica es muy escasa. La mayoría de los pacientes con infecciones del tracto respiratorio superior recibieron tratamiento antibiótico probablemente de forma injustificada. En aproximadamente la mitad de los casos, la medicación antimicrobiana suele ser combinando dos o más fármacos.

Palabras clave:
Infección respiratoria
Neumonía
Reagudización de EPOC
Bronquitis aguda
Introduction

Respiratory tract infections (RIs) are frequent processes that can require hospitalization or affect already hospitalized patients. The Foundation for the Study of Infection has promoted the DIRA (Adult Respiratory Infection Day) Project, with the aim of investigating and assessing the impact of this problem, particularly in Internal Medicine and Pneumology Departments.

Methods

Prospective prevalence study involving 158 physicians in 100 Internal Medicine and Pneumology Departments. Data were collected on predetermined days, once every three months (total of four data sets) and included information on number of patients attended, number of patients with infection, and epidemiologic, clinical, microbiologic and treatment characteristics of patients with RI.

Results

A total of 3,596 patients were hospitalized at the four time points. Among these, 39.1% presented clinical symptoms consistent with infection and 34.3% of these were RIs. The mean age of RI patients was 65.6 years, 68.8% were males, 84.1% had an underlying disease (most frequently chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) and 25.1% had one or more predisposing factors. Pneumonia was the most frequent diagnosis (41.3% of RIs). RI was documented microbiologically in 15.8% of cases. Antibiotic treatment was applied in 99.7% of patients with acute bronchitis and 81.8% of those with upper respiratory tract infection; penicillins were the most frequent treatment. Data are presented by diagnosis.

Conclusions

A substantial rate of respiratory infections was found in patients admitted to hospital Internal Medicine and Pneumology Departments, with pneumonia being the most frequent. There was a paucity of microbiologic documentation. It is likely that antibiotic treatment was not justified in the majority of patients with upper respiratory tract infections. A combination of two or more antimicrobial agents was used in about half of cases.

Key words:
Respiratory infection
Pneumonia
Recurrent COPD
Acute Bronchitis
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Copyright © 2003. Elsevier España, S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
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