Article information
Resumen
La micafungina es un lipopéptido semisintético desarrollado a partir de Coleophoma empetri, que bloquea la síntesis de β-1,3-D-glucano, componente esencial de la pared fúngica, mediante la inhibición no competitiva de la β-1,3-D-glucano sintetasa. La micafungina es candidacida dependiente de la dosis con una eficacia in vitro excelente contra la gran mayoría de las especies de Candida, incluyendo especies resistentes a anfotericina B, como Candida lusitaniae, a diferentes azoles, como C. glabrata o C. krusei, y a aislamientos no sensibles a otras equinocandinas. Además, es activa contra las biopelículas de Candida. La micafungina es una indicación terapéutica de primera línea para el tratamiento de las candidemias y candidiasis invasoras en adultos y niños (incluidos los neonatos). Su empleo está autorizado en el tratamiento de las candidiasis invasoras y las esofagitis candidiásicas, y en la profilaxis de las infecciones por Candida en pacientes receptores de trasplante de células precursoras hematopoyéticas o que puedan sufrir períodos de neutropenia prolongados. Micafungina puede utilizarse tanto en el tratamiento como en la prevención de la candidiasis en neonatos, niños, adolescentes, adultos o ancianos. Este hecho la convierte en una herramienta de gran valor en grupos de pacientes donde no está aprobado el uso de otros fármacos antifúngicos.
Palabras clave:
Micafungina
Candida
Candidiasis
Candidemia
Neonatos Actividad
Indicaciones
Biopelículas
Abstract
Micafungin is a semisynthetic lipopeptide developed from Coleophoma empetri, which blocks the synthesis of β-1,3-D-glucan, an essential component of the fungal wall, though non-competitive inhibition of β-1,3-D-glucan synthetase. Micafungin is a dose-dependent candidacidal agent with excellent in vitro efficacy against most Candida spp. including species resistant to amphotericin B, such as Candida lusitaniae, several azoles, such as C. glabrata or C. krusei, and isolates not susceptible to other echinocandins. Moreover, this drug is active against Candida biofilms. Micafungin is a first-line drug for the treatment of candidemias and invasive candidiasis in adults and children (including neonates). This drug is approved for use in the treatment of invasive candidiasis and Candida esophagitis, as well as in the prophylaxis of Candida infections in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients or those at risk of prolonged neutropenia. Micafungin can be used both in the treatment and prevention of candidiasis in neonates, children, adolescents, adults, and the elderly, making it highly useful in patient groups in which the use of other antifungal drugs has not been authorized.
Keywords:
Micafungin
Candida
Candidiasis
Candidemia
Neonates
Activity
Indications
Biofilms
Full text is only aviable in PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
A. Del Palacio, J. Villar, A. Alhambra.
Epidemiología de las candidiasis invasoras en población pediátrica y adulta.
Rev Iberoam Micol, 26 (2009), pp. 2-7
[2.]
J. Gómez, E. García-Vázquez, C. Espinosa, J. Ruiz, M. Canteras, A. Hernández-Torres, et al.
Nosocomial candidemia at a general hospital: the change of epidemiological and clinical characteristics. A comparative study of 2 cohorts (1993–1998 versus 2002–2005).
Rev Iberoam Micol, 26 (2009), pp. 184-188
[3.]
G. Quindós.
Candidemias nosocomiales y candidiasis invasoras.
Med Clin (Barc), 134 (2010), pp. 17-19
[4.]
M. Tumbarello, B. Posteraro, E.M. Trecarichi, B. Fiori, M. Rossi, R. Porta, et al.
Biofilm production by Candida species and inadequate antifungal therapy as predictors of mortality for patients with candidemia.
J Clin Microbiol, 45 (2007), pp. 1843-1850
[5.]
G. Quindós, M. Villar-Vidal, E. Eraso.
Actividad de la micafungina contra las biopelículas de Candida.
Rev Iberoam Micol, 26 (2009), pp. 35-45
[6.]
G. Aperis, N. Myriounis, E.K. Spanakis, E. Mylonakis.
Developments in the treatment of candidiasis: more choices and new challenges.
Expert Opin Investig Drugs, 15 (2006), pp. 1319-1336
[7.]
P.H. Chandrasekar, J.D. Sobel.
Micafungin: a new echinocandin.
Clin Infect Dis, 42 (2006), pp. 1171-1178
[8.]
A.M. Bal.
The echinocandins: three useful choices or three too many?.
Int J Antimicrob Agents, 35 (2010), pp. 13-18
[9.]
H. Mikamo, Y. Sato, T. Tamaya.
In vitro antifungal activity of FK463, a new water-soluble echinocandin-like lipopeptide.
J Antimicrob Chemother, 46 (2000), pp. 485-487
[10.]
Y. Nishiyama, K. Uchida, H. Yamaguchi.
Morphological changes of Candida albicans induced by micafungin (FK463), a water-soluble echinocandin-like lipopeptide.
J Electron Microsc (Tokyo), 51 (2002), pp. 247-255
[11.]
L. Angiolella, B. Maras, A.R. Stringaro, G. Arancia, F. Mondello, A. Girolamo, et al.
Glucan-associated protein modulations and ultrastructural changes of the cell wall in Candida albicans treated with micafungin, a water-soluble, lipopeptide antimycotic.
J Chemother, 17 (2005), pp. 409-416
[12.]
J. Pontón.
La pared celular de los hongos y el mecanismo de acción de la anidulafungina.
Rev Iberoam Micol, 25 (2008), pp. 78-82
[13.]
L. Ostrosky-Zeichner, J.H. Rex, P.G. Pappas, R.J. Hamill, R.A. Larsen, H.W. Horowitz, et al.
Antifungal susceptibility survey of 2,000 bloodstream Candida isolates in the United States.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 47 (2003), pp. 3149-3154
[14.]
S.A. Messer, D.J. Diekema, L. Boyken, S. Tendolkar, R.J. Hollis, M.A. Pfaller.
Activities of micafungin against 315 invasive clinical isolates of fluconazole-resistant Candida spp.
J Clin Microbiol, 44 (2006), pp. 324-326
[15.]
M.A. Pfaller, D.J. Diekema, D.L. Gibbs, V.A. Newell, K.P. Ng, A. Colombo, et al.
Geographic and temporal trends in isolation and antifungal susceptibility of Candida parapsilosis: a global assessment from the ARTEMIS DISK Antifungal Surveillance Program, 2001 to 2005.
J Clin Microbiol, 46 (2008), pp. 842-849
[16.]
M.A. Pfaller, D.J. Diekema, L. Ostrosky-Zeichner, J.H. Rex, B.D. Alexander, D. Andes, et al.
Correlation of MIC with outcome for Candida species tested against caspofungin, anidulafungin, and micafungin: analysis and proposal for interpretive MIC breakpoints.
J Clin Microbiol, 46 (2008), pp. 2620-2629
[17.]
G. Quindós, E. Eraso, A.J. Carrillo-Muñoz, E. Cantón, J. Pemán.
Actividad antifúngica in vitro de la micafungina.
Rev Iberoam Micol, 26 (2009), pp. 35-45
[18.]
J. Pemán.
Epidemiología de las candidemias. III Congreso de Microbiología Clínica. Sociedad Española de Microbiología.
Ávila, (2010),
[19.]
F. Ikeda, T. Saika, Y. Sato, M. Suzuki, M. Hasegawa, T. Mikawa, et al.
Antifungal activity of micafungin against Candida and Aspergillus spp. isolated from pediatric patients in Japan.
Med Mycol, 47 (2009), pp. 145-148
[20.]
S.R. Lockhart, S.A. Messer, M.A. Pfaller, D.J. Diekema.
Geographic distribution and antifungal susceptibility of the newly described species Candida orthopsilosis and Candida metapsilosis in comparison to the closely related species Candida parapsilosis.
J Clin Microbiol, 46 (2008), pp. 2659-2664
[21.]
A. Gómez-López, A. Alastruey-Izquierdo, D. Rodríguez, B. Almirante, A. Pahissa, J.L. Rodríguez-Tudela, et al.
Prevalence and susceptibility profile of Candida metapsilosis and Candida orthopsilosis: results from population-based surveillance of candidemia in Spain.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 52 (2008), pp. 1506-1509
[22.]
I. Miranda Zapico, E. Eraso, J.L. Hernández Almaraz, A.J. Carrillo Muñoz, J.M. Hernández Molina, G. Quindós.
Prevalence of Candida orthopsilosis and Candida metapsilosis among Candida parapsilosis clinical isolates from a Spanish yeast stock collection during 12.
Mycoses, 52 (2009), pp. 66
[23.]
M.A. Ghannoum, A. Chen, M. Buhari, J. Chandra, P.K. Mukherjee, D. Baxa, et al.
Differential in vitro activity of anidulafungin, caspofungin and micafungin against Candida parapsilosis isolates recovered from a burn unit.
Clin Microbiol Infect, 15 (2009), pp. 274-279
[24.]
C. Cheung, Y. Guo, P. Gialanella, M. Feldmesser.
Development of candidemia on caspofungin therapy: a case report.
Infection, 34 (2006), pp. 345-348
[25.]
N. Kabbara, C. Lacroix, R. Peffalt de Latour, G. Socié, M. Ghannoum, P. Ribaud.
Breakthrough C. parapsilosis and C. guilliermondii blood stream infection in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell trasplnat recipients receiving long-term caspofungin therapy.
Haematologica, 93 (2008), pp. 639-640
[26.]
G.N. Forrest, E. Weekes, J.K. Johnson.
Increasing incidence of Candida parapsilosis candidemia with caspofungin usage.
J Infect, 56 (2008), pp. 126-129
[27.]
V. Moudgal, T. Little, D. Boikov, J.A. Vázquez.
Multiechinocandin- and multiazole-resistant Candida parapsilosis isolates serially obtained during therapy for prosthetic valve endocarditis.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 49 (2005), pp. 767-769
[28.]
M. Hakki, J.F. Staab, K.A. Marr.
Emergence of a Candida krusei isolate with reduced susceptibility to caspofungin during therapy.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 50 (2006), pp. 2522-2524
[29.]
J.N. Kahn, G. García-Effron, M.J. Hsu, S. Park, K.A. Marr, D.S. Perlin.
Acquired echinocandin resistance in a Candida krusei isolate due to modification of glucan synthase.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 51 (2007), pp. 1876-1878
[30.]
R. Pelletier, I. Alarie, R. Lagace, T.J. Walsh.
Emergence of disseminated candidiasis caused by Candida krusei during treatment with caspofungin: case report and review of literature.
Med Mycol, 43 (2005), pp. 559-564
[31.]
M. Krogh-Madsen, M.C. Arendrup, L. Heslet, J.D. Knudsen.
Amphotericin B and caspofungin resistance in Candida glabrata isolates recovered from a critically ill patient.
Clin Infect Dis, 42 (2006), pp. 938-944
[32.]
G. Chamilos, R.E. Lewis, N. Albert, D.P. Kontoyiannis.
Paradoxical effect of echinocandins across Candida species in vitro: evidence for echinocandin-specific and candida species-related differences.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 51 (2007), pp. 2257-2259
[33.]
A.S. Melo, A.L. Colombo, B.A. Arthington-Skaggs.
Paradoxical growth effect of caspofungin observed on biofilms and planktonic cells of five different Candida species.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 51 (2007), pp. 3081-3088
[34.]
M. Fleischhacker, C. Radecke, B. Schulz, M. Ruhnke.
Paradoxical growth effects of the echinocandins caspofungin and micafungin, but not of anidulafungin, on clinical isolates of Candida albicans and C. dubliniensis.
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 27 (2008), pp. 127-131
[35.]
E.R. Kuse, P. Chetchotisakd, C.A. Da Cunha, M. Ruhnke, C. Barrios, D. Raghunadharao, et al.
Micafungin versus liposomal amphotericin B for candidaemia and invasive candidosis: a phase III randomised double-blind trial.
Lancet, 369 (2007), pp. 1519-1527
[36.]
M. Mariné, C. Serena, J. Pastor, G. Quindós, A.J. Carrillo, J. Guarro.
In vitro activity of micafungin combined with itraconazole against Candida spp.
Int J Antimicrob Agents, 30 (2007), pp. 463-465
[37.]
M.M. Rodríguez, M. Ruiz, F.J. Pastor, G. Quindós, A. Carrillo, J. Guarro.
In vitro interaction of micafungin and fluconazole against Candida.
J Antimicrob Chemother, 60 (2007), pp. 188-190
[38.]
C. Serena, M. Mariné, G. Quindós, A.J. Carrillo, J.F. Cano, F.J. Pastor, et al.
In vitro interactions of micafungin with amphotericin B against clinical isolates of Candida spp.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 52 (2008), pp. 1529-1532
[39.]
M.P. Pai, M.L. Samples, R.C. Mercier, M.N. Spilde.
Activities and ultrastructural effects of antifungal combinations against simulated Candida endocardial vegetations.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 52 (2008), pp. 2367-2376
[40.]
F.J. Pastor, J. Guarro.
Micafungina en el tratamiento de la infección fúngica en modelos animales.
Rev Iberoam Micol, 26 (2009), pp. 42-48
[41.]
R.S. Al-Dhaheri, L.J. Douglas.
Absence of amphotericin B-tolerant persister cells in biofilms of some Candida species.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 52 (2008), pp. 1884-1887
[42.]
M.A. Al-Fattani, L.J. Douglas.
Biofilm matrix of Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis: chemical composition and role in drug resistance.
J Med Microbiol, 55 (2006), pp. 999-1008
[43.]
F.C. Bizerra, C.V. Nakamura, P.C. De, T.I. Estivalet Svidzinski, R.M. Borsato Quesada, S. Goldenberg, et al.
Characteristics of biofilm formation by Candida tropicalis and antifungal resistance.
FEMS Yeast Res, 8 (2008), pp. 442-450
[44.]
S.P. Bachmann, K. Vandewalle, G. Ramage, T.F. Patterson, B.L. Wickes, J.R. Graybill, et al.
In vitro activity of caspofungin against Candida albicans biofilms.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 46 (2002), pp. 3591-3596
[45.]
J.A. Shuford, M.S. Rouse, K.E. Piper, J.M. Steckelberg, R. Patel.
Evaluation of caspofungin and amphotericin B deoxycholate against Candida albicans biofilms in an experimental intravascular catheter infection model.
J Infect Dis, 194 (2006), pp. 710-713
[46.]
E. Cateau, M.H. Rodier, C. Imbert.
In vitro efficacies of caspofungin or micafungin catheter lock solutions on Candida albicans biofilm growth.
J Antimicrob Chemother, 62 (2008), pp. 153-155
[47.]
M.J. Jacobson, K.E. Piper, G. Nguyen, J.M. Steckelberg, R. Patel.
In vitro activity of anidulafungin against Candida albicans biofilms.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 52 (2008), pp. 2242-2243
[48.]
A. Katragkou, A. Chatzimoschou, M. Simitsopoulou, M. Dalakiouridou, E. Dizaza-Mataftsi, C. Tsantali, et al.
Differential activities of newer antifungal agents against Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis biofilms.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 52 (2008), pp. 357-360
[49.]
J. Pemán, E. Cantón, A. Valentín.
Actividad de la anidulafungina sobre biopelículas de Candida.
Rev Iberoam Micol, 25 (2008), pp. 124-128
[50.]
A. Valentín, E. Cantón, J. Pemán, G. Quindós.
Actividad in vitro de la anfotericina B y la anidulafungina sobre biopelículas de Candida albicans y Candida tropicalis.
Rev Iberoam Micol, 24 (2007), pp. 272-277
[51.]
J. Nett, L. Lincoln, K. Marchillo, R. Massey, K. Holoyda, B. Hoff, et al.
Putative role of beta-1,3 glucans in Candida albicans biofilm resistance.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 51 (2007), pp. 510-520
[52.]
M. Seidler, S. Salvenmoser, F.M. Muller.
In vitro effects of micafungin against Candida biofilms on polystyrene and central venous catheter sections.
Int J Antimicrob Agents, 28 (2006), pp. 568-573
[53.]
D.M. Kuhn, T. George, J. Chandra, P.K. Mukherjee, M.A. Ghannoum.
Antifungal susceptibility of Candida biofilms: unique efficacy of amphotericin B lipid formulations and echinocandins.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 46 (2002), pp. 1773-1780
[54.]
H.W. Choi, J.H. Shin, S.I. Jung, K.H. Park, D. Cho, S.J. Kee, et al.
Species-specific differences in the susceptibilities of biofilms formed by Candida bloodstream isolates to echinocandin antifungals.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 51 (2007), pp. 1520-1523
[55.]
J.A. Shuford, K.E. Piper, J.M. Steckelberg, R. Patel.
In vitro biofilm characterization and activity of antifungal agents alone and in combination against sessile and planktonic clinical Candida albicans isolates.
Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis, 57 (2007), pp. 277-281
[56.]
A.H. Groll, T. Stergiopoulou, E. Roilides, T.J. Walsh.
Micafungin: pharmacology, experimental therapeutics and clinical applications.
Expert Opin Investig Drugs, 14 (2005), pp. 489-509
[57.]
J.A. Stone, S.D. Holland, P.J. Wickersham, A. Sterrett, M. Schwartz, C. Bonfiglio, et al.
Single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of caspofungin in healthy men.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 46 (2002), pp. 739-745
[58.]
J. Hiemenz, P. Cagnoni, D. Simpson, S. Devine, N. Chao, J. Keirns, et al.
Pharmacokinetic and maximum tolerated dose study of micafungin in combination with fluconazole versus fluconazole alone for prophylaxis of fungal infections in adult patients undergoing a bone arrow or peripheral stem cell transplant.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 49 (2005), pp. 1331-1336
[59.]
M.F. Hebert, H.E. Smith, T.C. Marbury, S.K. Swan, W.B. Smith, R.W. Townsend, et al.
Pharmacokinetics of micafungin in healthy volunteers, volunteers with moderate liver disease, and volunteers with renal dysfunction.
J Clin Pharmacol, 45 (2005), pp. 1145-1152
[60.]
Y. Nakagawa, Y. Ichii, Y. Saeki, M. Kodaka, K. Suzuki, S. Kishino.
Plasma concentration of micafungin in patients with hematologic malignancies.
J Infect Chemother, 13 (2007), pp. 39-45
[61.]
R. Townsend, M. Terakawa, I. Bebersky.
Pharmacokinetics of FK 463, a novel echinocandin antifungal, in bone marrow or peripheral stem cell transplant patients.
J Clin Pharmacol, 40 (2000), pp. 1049
[62.]
M. Catalán-González, J. Carlos Montejo-González.
Farmacodinamia y farmacocinética de la micafungina en adultos, niños y neonatos.
Rev Iberoam Micol, 26 (2009), pp. 23-34
[63.]
Astellas Pharma. Summary of product Characteristics of Mycamine 50 mg/100 mg. Astellas, April 2008.
[64.]
T. Gumbo, J. Hiemenz, L. Ma, J.J. Keirns, D.N. Buell, G.L. Drusano.
Population pharmacokinetics of micafungin in adult patients.
Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis, 60 (2008), pp. 329-331
[65.]
T. Suzuki, T. Uno, G. Chen, Y. Ohashi.
Ocular distribution of intravenously administered micafungin in rabbits.
J Infect Chemother, 14 (2008), pp. 204-207
[66.]
S. Okugawa, Y. Ota, K. Tatsuno, K. Tsukada, S. Kishino, K. Koike.
A case of invasive central nervous system aspergillosis treated with micafungin with monitoring of micafungin concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid.
Scand J Infect Dis, 39 (2007), pp. 344-346
[67.]
A.C. Reboli, C. Rotstein, P.G. Pappas, S.W. Chapman, D.H. Kett, D. Kumar, et al.
Anidulafungin versus fluconazole for invasive candidiasis.
N Engl J Med, 356 (2007), pp. 2472-2482
[68.]
E. Pérez-Blázquez.
Importancia de la vigilancia oftalmológica durante el tratamiento de la enfermedad invasora por Candida.
Rev Iberoam Micol, 26 (2009), pp. 78-80
[69.]
K. Hirata, T. Aoyama, Y. Matsumoto, F. Ogawa, H. Yamazaki, A. Kikuti, et al.
Pharmacokinetics of antifungal agent micafungin in critically ill patients receiving continuous hemodialysis filtration.
Yakugaku Zasshi, 127 (2007), pp. 897-901
[70.]
N.L. Seibel, C. Schwartz, A. Arrieta, P. Flynn, A. Shad, E. Albano, et al.
Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of micafungin (FK463) in febrile neutropenic pediatric patients.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 49 (2005), pp. 3317-3324
[71.]
G.P. Heresi, D.R. Gerstmann, M.D. Reed, J.N. Van den Anker, J.L. Blumer, L. Kovanda, et al.
The pharmacokinetics and safety of micafungin, a novel echinocandin, in premature infants.
Pediatr Infect Dis J, 25 (2006), pp. 1110-1115
[72.]
O.A. Cornely.
Pooled analysis of safety for micafungin. 47th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.
Chicago, (2007),
[73.]
M. Ninomiya, H. Mikamo, K. Tanaka, K. Watanabe, T. Tamaya.
Efficacy of micafungin against deep-seated candidiasis in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice.
J Antimicrob Chemother, 55 (2005), pp. 587-590
[74.]
S. Maesaki, M.A. Hossain, Y. Miyazaki, K. Tomono, T. Tashiro, S. Kohno.
Efficacy of FK463, a (1,3)-Beta-D-glucan synthase inhibitor, in disseminated azole-resistant candida albicans infection in mice.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 44 (2000), pp. 1728-1730
[75.]
R.L. Chapman, R.G. Faix.
Invasive neonatal candidiasis: an overview.
Semin Perinatol, 27 (2003), pp. 352-356
[76.]
L. Clerihew, T.L. Lamagni, P. Brocklehurst, W. McGuire.
Invasive fungal infection in very low birthweight infants: national prospective surveillance study.
Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed, 91 (2006), pp. F188-F192
[77.]
L. Saiman, E. Ludington, M. Pfaller, S. Rangel-Frausto, R.T. Wiblin, J. Dawson, et al.
Risk factors for candidemia in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit patients.
Pediatr Infect Dis J, 19 (2000), pp. 319-324
[78.]
D.K. Benjamin Jr, H. Garges, W.J. Steinbach.
Candida bloodstream infection in neonates.
Semin Perinatol, 27 (2003), pp. 375-383
[79.]
D. Rodríguez, B. Almirante, B.J. Park, M. Cuenca-Estrella, A.M. Planes, F. Sánchez, et al.
Candidemia in neonatal intensive care units: Barcelona, Spain.
Pediatr Infect Dis J, 25 (2006), pp. 224-229
[80.]
D.K. Benjamin Jr, B.J. Stoll.
Infection in late preterm infants.
Clin Perinatol, 33 (2006), pp. 871-882
[81.]
L. Ostrosky-Zeichner, D. Kontoyiannis, J. Raffalli, K.M. Mullane, J. Vázquez, E.J. Anaissie, et al.
International, open-label, noncomparative, clinical trial of micafungin alone and in combination for treatment of newly diagnosed and refractory candidemia.
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 24 (2005), pp. 654-661
[82.]
A. Arrieta.
Micafungina in pediatric patients: assessment of safety in clinical trials. 47th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.
Chicago, (2007),
[83.]
F. Queiroz-Telles, E. Berezin, G. Leverger, A. Freire, A. Van der Vyver, T. Chotpitayasunondh, et al.
Micafungin versus liposomal amphotericin B for pediatric patients with invasive candidiasis: substudy of a randomized double-blind trial.
Pediatr Infect Dis J, 27 (2008), pp. 820-826
[84.]
T. Nakamura, H. Takahashi.
Epidemiological study of Candida infections in blood: susceptibilities of Candida spp. to antifungal agents, and clinical features associated with the candidemia.
J Infect Chemother, 12 (2006), pp. 132-138
[85.]
P.G. Pappas, C.M. Rotstein, R.F. Betts, M. Nucci, D. Talwar, J.J. De Waele, et al.
Micafungin versus caspofungin for treatment of candidemia and other forms of invasive candidiasis.
Clin Infect Dis, 45 (2007), pp. 883-893
[86.]
W.W. Hope, N.L. Seibel, C.L. Schwartz, A. Arrieta, P. Flynn, A. Shad, et al.
Population pharmacokinetics of micafungin in pediatric patients and implications for antifungal dosing.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 51 (2007), pp. 3714-3719
[87.]
K. Pettengell, J. Mynhardt, T. Kluyts, W. Lau, D. Facklam, D Buell, FK463 South African Study Group.
Successful treatment of oesophageal candidiasis by micafungin: a novel systemic antifungal agent.
Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 20 (2004), pp. 475-481
[88.]
N. De Wet, A. Llanos-Cuentas, J. Suleiman, E. Baraldi, E.F. Krantz, N.M. Della, et al.
A randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, dose-response study of micafungin compared with fluconazole for the treatment of esophageal candidiasis in HIV-positive patients.
Clin Infect Dis, 39 (2004), pp. 842-849
[89.]
N.T. De Wet, A.J. Bester, J.J. Viljoen, F. Filho, J.M. Suleiman, E. Ticona, et al.
A randomized, double blind, comparative trial of micafungin (FK463) vs. fluconazole for the treatment of oesophageal candidiasis.
Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 21 (2005), pp. 899-907
[90.]
S.A. Cross, L.J. Scott.
Micafungin: a review of its use in adults for the treatment of invasive and oesophageal candidiasis, and as prophylaxis against Candida infections.
Drugs, 68 (2008), pp. 2225-2255
[91.]
E. Anaissie.
13 th Focus on Fungal Infections Meeting.
Hawaii, (2003),
[92.]
K. Tamura, A. Urabe, M. Yoshida, A. Kanamaru, Y. Kodera, S. Okamoto, et al.
Efficacy and safety of micafungin, an echinocandin antifungal agent, on invasive fungal infections in patients with hematological disorders.
Leukemia & Lymphoma, 50 (2009), pp. 92-100
[93.]
J.A. Van Burik, V. Ratanatharathorn, D.E. Stepan, C.B. Miller, J.H. Lipton, D.H. Vesole, et al.
Micafungin versus fluconazole for prophylaxis against invasive fungal infections during neutropenia in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Clin Infect Dis, 39 (2004), pp. 1407-1416
[94.]
G.N. Forrest, F. Rasetto, G. Akpek, B. Philosophe.
Safety and efficacy of micafungin in transplantation recipients.
Transplantation, 82 (2006), pp. 1549
[95.]
J. Mensa, R. De la Cámara, E. Carreras, M. Cuenca Estrella, J.A. García Rodríguez, M. Gobernado, et al.
Tratamiento de las infecciones fúngicas en pacientes con neoplasias hematológicas.
Med Clin (Barc), 132 (2009), pp. 507-521
[96.]
P.G. Pappas, C.A. Kauffman, D. Andes, D.K. Benjamin Jr, T.F. Calandra, J.E. Edwards Jr, et al.
Clinical practice guidelines for the management of candidiasis: 2009 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America.
Clin Infect Dis, 48 (2009), pp. 503-535
Copyright © 2011. Elsevier España S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
