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Inicio Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica Lectura interpretada del antibiograma: ¿ejercicio intelectual o necesidad clín...
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Vol. 20. Issue 4.
Pages 176-186 (April 2002)
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Vol. 20. Issue 4.
Pages 176-186 (April 2002)
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Lectura interpretada del antibiograma: ¿ejercicio intelectual o necesidad clínica?
Interpretive reading of the antibiogram: Intellectual exercise or clinical need?
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Rafael Cantón Moreno1
Corresponding author
rcanton@hrc.insalud.es

Correspondencia: Dr. R. Cantón Moreno. Servicio de Microbiología. Hospital Ramón y Cajal. Ctra. de Colmenar, km 9,1. 28034 Madrid.
Servicio de Microbiología. Hospital Ramón y Cajal. Madrid. España
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La categorización clínica de los resultados de sensibilidad en función de los valores establecidos por diferentes comités se realiza diariamente en los laboratorios de microbiología clínica. Este proceso permite la predicción del éxito terapéutico con la utilización de antimicrobianos en pacientes infectados con microorganismos sensibles. Además, los laboratorios que incluyen un número razonable de antimicrobianos en el antibiograma pueden realizar la lectura interpretada de éste. Este proceso consiste en el reconocimiento de los fenotipos de resistencia y permite al microbiólogo: a) la detección de los mecanismos de resistencia, incluyendo los de bajo nivel de expresión; b) la modificación de la interpretación o categorización clínica que es incongruente con el mecanismo de resistencia deducido, y c) la deducción de valores de sensibilidad de antimicrobianos no incluidos en el antibiograma. Desde el punto de vista microbiológico, esta actitud facilita el control de calidad y la validación de los resultados de sensibilidad y aumenta el valor de los resultados ya que facilita la caracterización de nuevos mecanismos y el establecimiento de la epidemiología de la resistencia. Asimismo, contribuye a la mejor adecuación de los tratamientos, ya que es útil para predecir el fracaso terapéutico derivado de la utilización de antimicrobianos en pacientes con infecciones producidas por microorganismos resistentes y también para la definición y el control de las políticas de antimicrobianos. A pesar de la complejidad creciente de los mecanismos de resistencia, este proceso debe incorporarse a la rutina de los laboratorios de microbiología. La lectura interpretada del antibiograma es clínicamente necesaria y no un mero divertimento intelectual.

Palabras clave:
Antibiograma
Lectura interpretada
Fenotipo de resistencia
Mecanismo de resistencia

Clinical categorisation of susceptibility testing results according to criteria established by different committees is daily performed in clinical microbiology laboratories. By this process clinicians can predict the therapeutic success of antimicrobial treatment in patients infected with susceptible microorganisms. In addition, microbiology laboratories that include a suitable number of antimicrobial agents in susceptibility tests can perform interpretive reading of the antibiogram. With this approach, resistance phenotypes are recognized and allow microbiologist: a) detection of mechanisms of resistance, including low levels of expression; b) modification of clinical classifications that are inconsistent with the inferred resistance mechanism; and c) inference of susceptibility values for antimicrobials that are not included in the antibiogram. In the laboratory, this approach facilitates quality control and validation of susceptibility results. Moreover, it increases the value of the results obtained because new mechanisms of resistance can be characterized and the epidemiology of resistance can be established. From the clinical point of view, this approach contributes to improving the adequacy of treatment (since it is useful for predicting therapeutic failure with the use of antimicrobials in patients with infections due to resistant microorganisms) and to controlling and defining antimicrobial policies. Despite the growing complexity of resistance mechanisms, which makes interpretative reading of the antibiogram difficult, this process should be incorporated into routine practice in microbiology laboratories. Interpretive reading of antibiograms is clinically necessary and not simply a intellectual exercise.

Key words:
Antibiogram
Interpretive reading
Resistance phenotype
Resistance mechanism
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